United States HistoryUnit I: Colonization - 1763

England’s 13 American Colonies

Bell Ringer: The First English Colonies1. What was the crop that saved Jamestown from

failure and built Virginia’s economy?2. Explain the concepts of indentured servitude and

the headright system as introduced by the London Company to populate Jamestown.

3. Why did the Pilgrims, and later, the Puritans, settle in what is now Massachusetts?

4. What was Virginia’s House of Burgesses?5. What is the importance of the Mayflower Compact

in American History?

The 13 English Colonies in 1750

The New England Colonies• Pilgrims & Puritans in MA, CT, RI, & NH• 1635 – Roger Williams, a Separatist minister, was banished

from MA by Puritans. Founded RI after getting charter from King. Lecturer Anne Hutchinson, a heretic in MA, also left for RI. They helped bring religious tolerance to New England.

• 1636 – Thomas Hooker (CT) – liberal minister who hated Puritan restrictions on voting who left with his congregation. Their rules/ laws were called the Fundamental Orders of CT. 1662 – King Charles II granted them a charter.

• 1622 – John Mason (VT) and Ferdinando Gorges were granted what is now VT and ME. They divided it in 1629. Maine was part of MA until it became a state in 1820.

The Middle Colonies• 1664 - NY taken from Dutch by James, Duke of York who was brother of

King Charles II. NJ split off from NY b/c Duke thought NY too big to manage.• 1682 –PA by William Penn– Known for religious tolerance. It was called

“the Holy Experiment” for the Religious Society of Friends or “Quakers” b/c they “quaked” before power of God. They believed people should find truth from “inner light of God.”

• Penn founded Philadelphia & made treaty of friendship with Native Americans b/c they believed all to be equal. Settled by people from all over Europe b/c Penn recruited.

• 1701 – DE (New Sweden) broke off from PA and became own colony• The Duke of York and William Penn were proprietors – they owned colony

& rented land if they agreed to recognize the Crown’s control & keep laws consistent with England’s laws. The colony basically belonged to them.

The Southern Colonies• Southern Colonies – Slavery was more important here because cash

crops like tobacco, indigo, and rice are more labor intensive.• 1634 - Lord Baltimore – Catholic proprietor – granted MD by Charles I as

Catholic haven & tobacco producing colony.• 1663 - NC and SC – Charles II gave charter to 8 English nobles. They

encouraged immigration through the headright system. 1690 – rice or “Carolina gold” introduced from Madagascar & slaves needed to grow and harvest it. NC was less successful as it didn’t attract rich planters from VA, but poor frontiersmen who farmed.

• 1729 – NC & SC divided as Crown ended proprietorship and they became royal colonies.

• 1732 – James Oglethorpe – GA – buffer between SC & Spanish FL, haven for debtors, and mulberry trees & silk worms

Keeping Order: Colonial Governments• Each had a legislature and usually it was bicameral. PA was only exception.• In 8 Royal Colonies, Upper house & governor chosen by Crown and Lower

House by the People. • In the 2 Self-governing Colonies – CT & RI - both houses & governor chosen

by the people. • 3 colonies - PA, MD, & DE - remained Proprietary but similar to Royal

Colonies as proprietor appointed governor.• Judges were appointed by the King in Royal Colonies and elected by the

people in Self-governing Colonies.• Suffrage was not universal. Only white men, 21 years of age and that

owned land could vote. • In Royal Colonies & Proprietary, governor had veto power, but legislature

levied taxes and set governor’s salary Do you think they got along?

Colonial Economies by Region• New England Colonies – Fishing, whaling, lumbering, ship building, fur

trade, shipping and long-distance trade were the mainstays (Triangle Trade). Later manufacturing and distilling (firearms and rum) became important due to trade between Europe, the Caribbean, and Africa (slavery). Small subsistence farms were common.

• Middle Colonies – Small farms and commercial farms produced livestock, grain, and food stuffs to be sold in cities. Slavery was not as important here; economies were mixed between farming and commerce.

• Southern Colonies – Slavery, especially after 1700, was more important here because cash crops like tobacco, indigo, and rice needed more labor. Plantation agriculture became dominant, but smaller farms would develop on the western frontier. Very small middle class compared to other regions. Ports like Charleston, SC and Savanna, GA, as well as New Orleans, LA were very important to the region.

Locate England’s 13 American Colonies

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Exit Slip: England’s 13 American Colonies1. True or False: Massachusetts had a strong reputation for

religious tolerance.2. True or False: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson are

most closely associated with Maryland.3. True or False: Pennsylvania was founded by a religious

sect called the Quakers.4. True or False: Colonies controlled by the Crown through

an appointed royal governor were known as Proprietary Colonies.

5. True or False: The system of slavery was most important to the plantation economies of the Southern Colonies.

Creating a “Foldable” for the 13 ColoniesReview/ Re-teaching Activity

• One section for each region: New England, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies

• Your Foldable must include the following for each of the three regions:

1. Name the colonies in each region.2. Who lived there? Ethnicity, Religion, Culture?3. Geography? What was it like there?4. Type of economy/ resources/ products produced/ how did

they earn money?• Be neat! Use space effectively! Color/ illustrations are nice!