Unit Portfolio:

Interpreting Graphs

36. How much did

the native population decrease between 1519 and 1605?

37. What effect do you think this would have on the Spaniards’ attempts to conquer the region?

Unit 1: Exploration and Colonization

Lesson 5: Effects of Colonization

Part B: Americas Textbook Correlation: Chapter 3

Today’s Standard

7-1.5 Compare the differing ways that European nations developed political and economic influences, including trade and settlement patterns, on the continents of Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Essential Questions

How did the European colonial powers colonize the Americas? What were the effects of this colonization?

Key Vocabulary Conquistador

Racism

Indentured Servant

Redemptioners

Encomienda

Catholicism

Puritans

Viceroy

Spanish Conquistadores “Conquerors”

Spanish soldiers who defeated the native civilizations of the Americas

Hernand Cortez defeated the Aztecs

◦ Better weapons

◦ Aztecs had many enemies

◦ Diseases weakened natives

Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incas

◦ Better weapons

◦ Incan Empire weakened by civil war and disease

◦ Atahualpa:

Incan Emperor

Ambushed, Captured, Ransomed, and Killed

No organized resistance after his death

Social System

Social status based on race ◦ Racism: the belief that one race is better than

another

Peninsulares:

◦ Spanish settlers

◦ Mostly men

◦ Lived and worked amongst the natives

Mestizo

◦ Mixed Spanish and Native American

Over time a mixed culture emerged

People who worked for a set time to pay off a debt

Used by British and French

Redemptioners: Group of British indentured servants

Agreed to work in exchange for cost to travel to and live in America

25% of indentured servants were criminals

◦ Sentenced to work in colonies

◦ British colonies of Georgia and Australia

Not enough indentured servants to work fields

Who’s Gonna do all the Work on the Plantations?

Indentured Servants

Who’s Gonna do all the Work on the Plantations?

Native Americans

Spain and Portugal

Needed labor for mines and sugar plantations

in the West Indies and Brazil

Encomienda

◦ The right to demand labor from Native Americans

◦ Landlords granted a certain number of natives by

the colonial government

Encomienda System

Landlords were

supposed to…

◦ Treat workers fairly

and protect them

◦ Instruct them in

Spanish and

Catholicism: system,

practice, and doctrine

of the Roman

Catholic Church

In reality…

◦ Little different than

slavery

◦ Millions died of

exhaustion and

disease

◦ Forced to convert

religion

Spain and Portugal ◦ Began importing African slaves as

Native Americans died out

◦ Sent to sugar plantations and mines in West Indies and Brazil

English ◦ Southern 13 colonies and West Indies

◦ Grew tobacco, rice, and indigo

French ◦ Haiti and Louisiana

◦ Grew sugar, indigo, and tobacco

Dutch ◦ Plantations in West Indies and South

America (Guiana)

Who’s Gonna do all the Work on the Plantations?

African Slaves

End Day 1: Friday

Unit Portfolio: DBQ

38. What evidence is there that the English forced the natives to sell their grain?

39. What eventually happened to the shipload of grain?

Dutch

◦ New Amsterdam

Fur trading post

Religious and cultural tolerance drew many Europeans

◦ Created a few unsuccessful trading posts in South

America

French

◦ Traded for furs with Native American tribes

◦ Got along well with Native Americans

British

◦ Established fur trade in Canada

Trading Posts

English Settler Colonies

Jamestown: First permanent English settlement

Many settlers came seeking religious freedom

◦ Pilgrims founded Plymouth

◦ Puritans:

Religious group who wanted to “purify” the church

Disagreed with the Church of England

Founded Massachusetts

English and the Native Americans ◦ Lived peacefully alongside natives at first

◦ As more English settlers arrived, natives were forced off land

Colonial Governments

Spanish and Portuguese ◦ Strict control

◦ Used strong central governments

◦ Viceroy: Governor of a colony who represented the king

French and Dutch

◦ Looser control

◦ Colonists allowed some self-rule

British

◦ Loosest control

◦ Allowed representative colonial governments

◦ Virginia-House of Burgess

End Day 2: Monday

Unit Portfolio: Video Quiz 40. Which European countries fought in the French

and Indian War?

41. What was the outcome?

If completing these outside of class, use

the internet to research the answers

Conflict in the Americas

English took New Amsterdam from the

Dutch French and Indian War ◦ British and their Native American allies

vs.

◦ French and their Native American Allies

◦ Result: French kicked out of North America

Thinking Question:

Why did the French have more Native American Allies than the British?

Europeans and Native Americans Disease killed millions

◦ Immunity: ability of the body to resist disease

◦ 50%-90% of the Native American population was

killed by European diseases

Missionaries spread Christianity to natives

◦ Often by force

◦ Natives in South America were beaten if caught practicing their own religions

Treatment of Native Americans ◦ Spanish and Portuguese

Enslaved natives and forced them to work on plantations and in mines

◦ English

Lived peacefully alongside natives at first

As more English settlers arrived, natives were forced off land

◦ French

Relied on natives for trade

Treated them well

Lived among natives

Learned native languages

Unit Portfolio-Check on Learning

42. What economic policy was supported by plantation and trading colonies?

43. Name three colonies that used the plantation system.

44. Why did the French get along better with the Native Americans?