unit 3, lesson 3

Major Conflicts of Europeans and Native Americans

UNIT 3: LESSON 3- Mr. Casey

AGENDA

● VOCABULARY

● DISCUSSION OF MAJOR CONFLICTS

MASSACRE (Noun)

● The cruel killing of many people

MAJOR CONFLICTS

Powhatan Wars (1610-1646)

POWHATAN WARS (1610-1614)

POWHATAN: The Native Americans are angry because colonists in the Chesapeake Bay area are taking their land and cutting down trees in their hunting grounds.

Jamestown, Virginia

● Jamestown, Virginia


POWHATAN: Opechancanough, a Pamunkey war chief, begins a campaign to rid Virginia of settlers.

He organizes attacks in 1622 (Jamestown Massacre) and 1644 to punish English colonists.


POWHATAN: Opechancanough lives to be about 100 years old. He is captured by the English and killed while he is in jail at Jamestown.

A treaty is signed in 1646 ending hostilities

MAJOR CONFLICTS

Pequot War (1637)

PEQUOT WAR (1636-1637)

PEQUOT: The tribe feels threatened by the encroachment of English and Dutch settlers near the Hudson River.

Massachusetts and Connecticut

*Massachusetts & Connecticut


PEQUOT: Small skirmishes between the Pequot and English lead the Pequots (led by Sassacus) to attack Fort Saybrook and other English Settlements along the Connecticut River during the winter of 1636 and 1637


ENGLISH: A force of 80 Englishmen and allies from the Mohegan, Narraganset, and Niantic tribe head out to protect English settlements.


ENGLISH: The force surrounds and attacks a Pequot camp (Mystic) and kills between 600 and 1,000 men, women, and children.

Survivors are chased down and killed or sold into slavery


ENGLISH: In July, 1637, Sassacus escapes and seeks refuge with the Mohawk.

The Mohawk behead him and have his head sent to the English to show their support.

MAJOR CONFLICTS

King Philip’s War (1675-1676)

KING PHILIP’S WAR (1675-1676)

WAMPANOAG: Massasoit, leader of the Wampanoag, had been friendly with the English in the early 1600s.


WAMPANOAG: In 1661, Massasoit dies and his son Wamsutta takes his place.

His son Wamsutta (Alexander) dies after a peace council meeting with the English and his brother Metacom (Philip) takes on the role of sachem.


WAMPANOAG: Metacom dislikes and distrusts the English because they continue to expand into Wampanoag land and make demands.

He decides to unite the tribes and attack English settlements.


WAMPANOAG: The tribes attack parts of Plymouth, Boston, and Connecticut.

The English try to divide and conquer by bribing other tribes, but most of the tribes stick with Metacom.


WAMPANOAG: Fighting takes the lives of more than 600 colonists and 3,000 Native Americans.

Eventually, Metacom is killed. His head is cut off and put up at Fort Plymouth and his family is sold into slavery.

MAJOR CONFLICTS

French & Indian War

(1754-1763)

French and Indian War (1754-1763)

American Colonies: *Between 1700 and 1750 the population of the colonies goes from 250,000 to 1.25 million people.

Americans (English colonists) want to move west into the Ohio River Valley and expand their colonies.


England: England doesn’t want them to move west because that means they will have to protect them (they are already fighting in Europe). They also don’t want them raising their own army.

FRENCH: French settlers feel threatened and begin building more forts throughout the region.

French Forts


ENGLISH: *Hoping to stop the

spread of the French, Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie began granting land to English colonists in the Ohio River Valley. He sends young officer George Washington with a letter demanding the French leave. (1753)


ENGLISH: *George Washington’

s forces build Fort Necessity, but are defeated and lose the fort to the French (1754)


AMERICANS: *Ben Franklin and others

try to unite the colonies at the Albany Congress:

Three Reasons:

● Get the Iroquois on the English side● Unite the colonies to protect colonial

land from French and N.A● Pass taxes to get funding for protection

French and Indian War (1754-1763)*The colonists lose several battles to the French (trained soldiers) and N.A forcing the British (English) to send more troops

French and Indian War (1754-1763)*Eventually, the King and Parliament send troops and the powerful Iroquois Nation joins the English; helping to turn the tide of the war


*The British capture Quebec (1759), the French stronghold. It would be a major victory for the British.


Treaty of Paris, February 10, 1763, which gave all of North America east of the Mississippi, other than New Orleans, to the British. The French also turned over their claims of New Orleans and the lands west of the Mississippi to Spain, as compensation for Spain's surrendering Florida to the British


DO YOU SMELL REVOLUTION?The war puts England in a great amount of debt. In order to make that money back King George and Parliament begin placing heavy taxes on the colonists to pay for the war.

BIG IDEASSettlers and Native Americans had many conflicts

-The majority of conflicts were about land and resources

-Native Americans often sided with the settlers to help defeat neighboring tribes

-These wars increased the power and land claims of Europeans settlers and weakened most tribes

unit 3, lesson 3

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