Unit 2 Summary Notes

Biochemistry (The Chemistry of Life) What are living creatures made of?

Organic Chemistry vs Inorganic Chemistry Organic Inorganic

Study of Living Processes Study of Non-Living Processes

Study of CARBON compounds Study of all substances but not the carbon compounds

Other elements commonly found in living organisms Ca, P, K, S, Fe, Mg, Salt(Na Cl)

Elements of Life

96% of living organisms are made of: carbon (C)

hydrogen (H)

oxygen (O)

nitrogen (N)

What are bodies made of? Biomolecules!

Put C, H, O, & N together in different ways to build these biomolecules. carbohydrates

sugars & starches

proteins

fats (lipids)

nucleic acids

DNA, RNA

Why do we eat? We eat to take in more chemicals (CHONP – the chemical building blocks of life)

Food is needed for building materials

to make more of us (cells) for growth for repair

Food is needed to make energy calories

to make ATP

What do we need to eat? Foods provides the body a supply of building blocks & energy Our bodies need these:

carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals, salts water nucleic acids (made from proteins we consume)

Watch the Biomolecule video link below by Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM

Carbohydrates

58% of diet Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), & Oxygen (O) Breaks down into sugars Function is to provide quick energy for our cells

Polysaccharides

Lipids 30% of our diet (saturated vs unsaturated) Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), &

Few Oxygen (O) Basic structure is a glycerol and 3 fatty acids Function is for long term energy storage & to form

cell membranes (lipid bilayer)

Proteins 12% of our diet Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H),Oxygen (O)

and Nitrogen (N) Breaks down into amino acids Function is to regulate cell processes, form bones

and muscle, make you ...YOU!

Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), & Phosphorus (P) Breaks down into nucleotides Function is to direct cell activities

The 4 Main Biomolecules Found in Living Things

Biomolecule Monomer Polymer 1. Carbohydrate monosaccharide polysaccharides or

complex carbohydrates 2. Lipid glycerol and fatty acids NONE 3. Protein amino acid protein or polypeptide 4. Nucleic Acid nucleotide nucleic acids

Biomolecule Main Elements 1. Carbohydrate CHO 1:2:1 ratio 2. Lipid CHO (few Oxygen) 3. Protein CHON 4. Nucleic Acid CHONP

More About The 4 Main Biomolecules

Biomolecule Common Names Function(s) 1. Carbohydrate Bread, Sugar,

Potatoes, Cellulose

Quick energy source Structure for Plant Walls Structure for some insects

2. Lipid Butter, Oil, Wax Long-term storage for energy, Cell membranes (lipid bilayer), Insulation for body, Steroids, Hormones, Cholesterol

3. Protein Steak, Fish, Eggs, Peanuts, Beans, Cheese

Main Building Blocks of Cells, Hemoglobin, Cell Markers, Collagen (connective tissue), Insulin, Histones, Keratin (hair & nails) Antibodies, Enzymes

4. Nucleic Acid Genes, Genetic Code DNA & RNA

Stores instructions for designing life and making proteins, Hereditary Information

Biomolecule Monomer Polymer & Example Structure(s)

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide (a single sugar molecule)

Polysaccharides or Carbohydrates

Lipids/Fats Glycerol Head & Fatty Acid Chain(s)

None

Proteins Amino Acid (20 different amino acids)

Polypeptides

Nucleic Acids Nucleotide

Nucleic Acids

or