TSUNAMI HAZARD TO TSUNAMI HAZARD TO Hawaii from a M9+ Hawaii from a M9+

Event similar to 2004 Event similar to 2004 Indian Ocean TsunamiIndian Ocean Tsunami

SAWG SAWG

Hawaii Civil DefenseHawaii Civil Defense

11/200711/2007

Hambantota, Sri LankaHambantota, Sri Lanka

Dr. Hermann Fritz surveyed after Dr. Hermann Fritz surveyed after December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean TsunamiTsunami

Noted that it was similar to Hawaii Noted that it was similar to Hawaii Kai with reef outside with a channel Kai with reef outside with a channel under a road along the sea shore into under a road along the sea shore into a large shallow lake.a large shallow lake.

HAMBANTOTA, SRI LANKAHAMBANTOTA, SRI LANKADecember 26, 2004 December 26, 2004

TsunamiTsunami

DEATH ZONE WAS AREA BELOW 10 DEATH ZONE WAS AREA BELOW 10 METERS and LESS THAN 1 METERS and LESS THAN 1 KILOMETER FROM SHORE.KILOMETER FROM SHORE.

Sri Lanka Multiple Tsunami Sri Lanka Multiple Tsunami WavesWaves

Most witnesses described 3 main Most witnesses described 3 main waves. waves.

The first knocked them off their feet, The first knocked them off their feet, the second picked them up and the second picked them up and carried them, often up to 50 km/hr, carried them, often up to 50 km/hr, and the third bore them up to 15 and the third bore them up to 15 meters high or sucked them under.meters high or sucked them under.

Fritz Indian Ocean Tsunami Fritz Indian Ocean Tsunami Survey ConclusionsSurvey Conclusions

Evacuate all areas below 15 meters Evacuate all areas below 15 meters above sea level and within 0.25 mile above sea level and within 0.25 mile of shoreline or along rivers.of shoreline or along rivers.

Evacuate all areas below 10 meters Evacuate all areas below 10 meters above sea level and within 1.0 mile of above sea level and within 1.0 mile of shoreline or along rivers.shoreline or along rivers.

Evacuate all areas below 5 meters Evacuate all areas below 5 meters above sea level and within 3 miles of above sea level and within 3 miles of shoreline.shoreline.

The Fritz Indian Ocean Evacuation CriteriaThe Fritz Indian Ocean Evacuation Criteria    Consider the 1946 historical observations as recorded inConsider the 1946 historical observations as recorded in United States Tsunamis - 1690-1988 (page 66)United States Tsunamis - 1690-1988 (page 66)    Waipio Valley - 12 meter run-up amplitude Waipio Valley - 12 meter run-up amplitude Swept 1 mile into valley, pulled away homes and peopleSwept 1 mile into valley, pulled away homes and people and left only foundationsand left only foundations    Waikolu Valley, Molokai - 16.4 meter run-up amplitudeWaikolu Valley, Molokai - 16.4 meter run-up amplitude Destroyed farms and buildings up entire valley.Destroyed farms and buildings up entire valley.    Makapuu Point, Oahu - 11.1 meter run-up amplitudeMakapuu Point, Oahu - 11.1 meter run-up amplitude Destroyed the nearby Ranch buildings with 3 waves Destroyed the nearby Ranch buildings with 3 waves

(Helsley(Helsley from wave deposits) leaving only foundations. from wave deposits) leaving only foundations.    Three wide valleys destroyed by the 1946 tsunami are Three wide valleys destroyed by the 1946 tsunami are historical evidence that the Fritz Indian Ocean Criteriahistorical evidence that the Fritz Indian Ocean Criteria is also appropriate for Hawaii . is also appropriate for Hawaii .

M9+ Tonga Trench TsunamiM9+ Tonga Trench Tsunami

At Source Tsunami 25 m High, 200 km wavelength, 15 minute period, 1100 km long.

3.2 meter 3.2 meter High High

Tsunami Tsunami off Oahu off Oahu in 4321 m in 4321 m

deep deep OceanOcean

M9+ Marianas Trench M9+ Marianas Trench TsunamiTsunami

10 meter 10 meter HIGHHIGH

Tsunami Tsunami off Oahu off Oahu

in 4321 m in 4321 m deep deep

OceanOcean

M9+ Japan M9+ Japan TrenchTrench

A 10 meter A 10 meter high high

Tsunami Tsunami moves moves down down Island Island chainchain

15 meter 15 meter High High

Tsunami Tsunami South of South of Honolulu Honolulu in 641 m in 641 m

deep deep Ocean Ocean

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