Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Mainstreaming Gender in Road Transport: Operational Guidance for World Bank Staff

An overview

Julie BABINARDEnvironmental and Social Development Specialist, ETWTR

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Objectives

1. Provide guidance for both transport and gender specialists on how to mainstream gender aspects in road transport

2. Focus on basic entry points in which gender affects and is affected by transport policies and projects

3. Examples of good practice for various road project contexts in urban, peri-urban and rural areas

4. Offers for first time a list of project indicators to create baseline and measure results

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

The importance of gender and the mainstreaming effort

• Rationale for addressing gender in transport: – Women have disproportionate share of household transport burdens– Women have more limited access to available means of transport– Men and women have different travel and transport needs Impact on mobility patterns of women, with consequences at the

household unit and ultimately society and economy as a whole

• Transport planning and investment tend to focus on commuting to work activities

• Transport planning and data typically not inclusive of gender differences

• Extent of participation and feedback by userson their needs is limited

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Women travel patterns and mobility constraints

Urban

• Women more likely to walk

• Diverse destinations and modal splits

• Greater reliance on public transport

• Personal safety and harassment

• Cultural constraints

Peri-urban

• Low income areas poorly linked to main transport routes and places of employment

• Higher transport costs and waits

• Fewer trips and longer travel

Rural

• Travel by foot/ headloading

• Cycles and animal-drawn carriages and affordable modes of transport

• Infrequent and unreliable public transport

• Lack of accessible roads and poor pathway conditions

• Access to IMTs (carts, bicycles, animals) can be limited due to cultural norms

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Mode to work by gender

Source: South Africa Transport Department, 2003

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Women and men travel in urban context

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Gender policy considerations• National gender policy framework for transport planning• Foster gender equity in workplace environment• User surveys focused on gender needs• Gender stakeholder consultations• Understand local practices

Gender management plan of Uganda’s transport ministry & awareness program in Provias

Descentralizado of Peru

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Leverage positive and mitigate negative impacts of projects on women

• Employment opportunities for income generation through labor-based construction methods

• Displacement and inequitable resettlement• Human trafficking issues in transport projects in risk areas• Vulnerability of women to HIV transmission

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Urban transport project components

• Ensure safe access to pedestrian environment• Public transport fleet and facilities:

– Provide adequate service routes and schedules– Set affordable fares– Address safety concerns– Improve vehicle design and facilities

• Promote adequate and sustainable intermediate modes

Women-only transport initiatives as an option to safe public transport in

Japan, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, India etc.

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Interurban, corridor and terminal project components

• Mobility and transfer improvements through transfer stations and terminals– Accessibility, safety and comfort features

• Focus on economic opportunities • Measures to reduce HIV/AIDS risk and human trafficking

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Rural transport project components

• Physical infrastructure– Road network improvements– Footpaths and tracks

• Availability, affordability and quality of conventional motorized services

• Adapt IMTs to local contexts

Improving access and economic opportunities linked to road

maintenance activities through Peru’s 2nd Rural Roads project

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility

Project indicators

Tran

spor

t for

Soc

ial R

espo

nsib

ility