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May 8 - 14, 2015 Issue 00221

by Janet Spencer

On May 15, 1930 Ellen Church became the first female flight attendant. Previously, the co-pilot or ‘cabin boys’ were responsible for serving passengers. Come along with Tidbits as we take to the skies!

ELLEN CHURCHEllen Church was a trained pilot, and in 1930

she applied for a job as a pilot. She was turned down, but when they found out she was also a nurse, she was hired to serve as a stewardess because it was thought that having a nurse aboard would reassure passengers. At first, all stewardesses were nurses. Ellen’s career as a stewardess was cut short when she was injured in a car accident after just 18 months. She was a nurse for the rest of her life.

FLIGHT FACTS• Female flight attendants still outnumber male

flight attendants by a margin of 6 to 1.

• About 10% of commercial pilots are female.

• In 1970, 1% of business travelers were female. By 2000, 51% were female.

• About 650 million people travel on U.S. airlines annually and there are over 100,000 flight attendants to serve them.

• A typical flight attendant will serve on three flights in a single work day. Each craft holds about 270 people. That’s over 800 passengers to deal with every single day.

Page 2 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361FYI FLIGHT FACTS

• If your flight is delayed, be aware that flight attendants are paid only from the time a plane pushes back from the gate until it opens its doors at the next city. The most stressful part of every work day– the boarding and the deplaning– is not on the clock for most flight attendants. They don’t get paid anything at all if a plane is delayed while the passengers are still in the terminal, and they’re paid a fraction of their regular salary if the loaded plane sits on the tarmac for more than an hour. Therefore, flight attendants are just as frustrated by delays as you are.

• The reason you have to return your tray table to its upright and locked position is so you won’t impale yourself on it if the plane crashes. The reason you have to return your seat to its upright position is to make evacuation easier in event of a disaster, to minimize whiplash, and to prevent you from slipping under your seat belt in the event of a sudden stop. The reason you have to turn off headphones is so you can hear emergency announcements. The reason you have to raise your window shade is so you’ll have a better feel for which way is up and give you better orientation if there’s an accident, as well as making it easier for rescuers to see inside. The reason you have to stow your carry-on items and put away your computers is to avoid having them act like airborne missiles. Lights are dimmed so you’re not blinded by light while dashing through smoke.

• Because people seated in the exit row might be called upon to open the emergency exit, there are 3 rules governing who gets to sit there. First, you have to be over 15 years old. Second, you must speak English. Third, you cannot require a seat belt extension. This is because you have to be able to see the exit; you have to be able to verbally direct people to the exit; and you have to be physically capable of opening the exit.

FLYING BY THE NUMBERS• The average number of people airborne over the

U.S. at any moment 61,000• Percent of first class passengers who are paying

full fare rather than upgrades, frequent flyer members, or airline employees 25%

• The busiest airports in the U.S. are Hartsfield in Atlanta and O’Hare in Chicago. Number of flights they service annually 1 million

• Average time between take-offs at O’Hare 3 7 seconds

• Number of flights handled per hour at peak times at O’Hare 210

• Number of hot dogs sold annually at O’Hare, more than any other place 2 million

• Miles of wiring in a Boeing 747 170 mi (274 km)• Number of lights, gauges, and switches on the

flight deck of a Boeing 747 365• Gallons of fuel burned every minute a Boeing 747

is aloft 48 (182 l)• Average mileage of a Boeing 747 0.16 mpg (0.07 km/l)• Percent of fossil fuels used worldwide each year

by commercial aviation 5%• Weight of a beverage cart 250 lbs (113 kg)• Average number of flights that take off each day in

the U.S. 27,000• Percent of the world’s trade goods transported by

air 40%• Precise angle windows in an air traffic control

tower are tilted to reduce reflection 15°• Toilet-to-passenger ratio in coach class 1:46• Toilet-to-passenger ratio in first class 1:11

• Amount of water used per flush 8 oz (.25 l)

IT’S A FACT• The first airplane toilets were simply a hole in the

fuselage of the plane through which one could see the countryside passing below.

FLYING BY THE NUMBERS, cont’d• Number of jobs worldwide that revolve around

flying, both in the air and on the ground 2 8 million

• Altitude of the world’s highest airport in La Paz, Bolivia 13,313 feet (4.1 km)

• Length of the world’s longest runway at Edwards AFB, California 7.5 mi (11.5 km)

• Average number of pieces of luggage lost per every 1,000 passengers 4.55

• Hours of maintenance a commercial jet receives for every hour it flies 11

• Average number of passengers hurt each year due to not wearing seatbelts when the plane encounters turbulence 58

• Number of people who fly on American-based airlines every day 18 million

• Population of New York City 8.25 million

• Duration of the longest flight in the world, from New York to Hong Kong, a distance of 8,439 miles (13,581 km) 16 hours

IT’S A FACT• A Boeing 747 averages just 0.16 miles per gallon

(0.07 km per liter). However, because it’s carrying 200 or so people, it’s getting three times better gas mileage per passenger than an average SUV.

WOMEN IN FLIGHT• 1910: Baroness Raymonde de Laroche of France

became the first licensed female pilot.

• 1921: Bessie Coleman became the first American black female pilot.

• 1951: Carlene Roberts was elected VP of American Airlines, Inc.

• 1953: Jacqueline Cochrane became the first woman to fly faster than the speed of sound.

• 1958: Ruth Carol Taylor became the first black woman to become a flight attendant.

(Continued next page)

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BAUSCH & LOMB• By the time John Bausch died in 1926, his company

was making 17,000 products and creating 28% of U.S. eyeglass lenses.

• During the Great Depression, military products represented 70% of total production of the Bausch & Lomb line.

• Just when televisions became popular in the American home and cinemas were beginning to decline, Bausch & Lomb invented the CinemaScope lens. The new lens made the “wide screen” effect possible, enabling cinemas

by casting them out of molten glass. During the two World Wars, the company was asked to provide troops with gunsights, periscopes, target finders, and searchlight mirrors.

• Because pilots suffered from high-altitude glare, the company produced sunglasses that used a polarized filter to absorb light. They had a large oval frame to shield an aviator’s eyes which needed to repeatedly glance down toward the instrument panel. These glasses became enormously popular and are still sold today. The company also expanded into contact lenses.

• The company is named after the last names of John and his financial backer, Henry. What is the name of the company? Bonus points for naming the sunglasses. (Answer below)

Answer: The company is named Bausch & Lomb; the sunglasses they created for pilots are called Ray-Bans (because they ban rays).

Noteworthy InventionsQUIZ: OPTICS & LENSES

• John was 18 in 1848 when he got a job in an optical shop in Switzerland. The following year he moved to Rochester, New York, and opened his own optical shop, manufacturing monocles, spectacles, and field glasses. His friend Henry made a financial investment in the business and they became partners.

• One day John found a discarded piece of Vulcanite rubber. Experimenting, he discovered he could make eyeglass frames from the material. At that time, eyeglasses were made from either gold or horn. When the Civil War started, the price of gold and horn rose, and the demand for John’s Vulcanite glasses skyrocketed.

• In 1860 he invented the first machine to produce glass lenses. As scientific research gained momentum, his machines also produced lenses for microscopes, telescopes, and cameras.

• John’s son William revolutionized the industry by inventing a new process of making lenses

(Continued next page)

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to double screen width. The company was awarded an honorary Oscar for this.

• The company sold 16,000 pairs of Ray-Bans in 1982, but after Tom Cruise wore them in the 1983 film Risky Business, sales jumped to 360,000.

• Bausch & Lomb worked for three years to develop soft contact lenses, which came on the market in 1971. Previously all contact lenses had been made of glass or acrylic, which were hard and often painful. The new lenses were softer, and were marketed with the brand name “Soflens.” The value of company stock tripled.

• The company’s most advanced contact lens called “PureVision” are so oxygen-permeable that they can remain in the eye up to 30 days without being taken out at night.

• About 25% of their business revolves around the manufacture of lens-care products, including cleaning and disinfectant solutions.

• Globally, Bausch & Lomb is one of the largest producers of contact lenses. The company headquarters is still in Rochester, New York, although there are production plants all over the planet. Today, about 13,000 employees in 36 countries work for the Bausch & Lomb.

(Continued next page)

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QUIZ: A DELIVERY COMPANY• Frederick Smith’s grandfather was a steamboat

captain. His father built a bus line. Fred was more interested in flying, and he earned money weekends as a charter pilot while he worked his way through Yale in the 1960s.

• He often flew spare parts for computer companies who were unwilling to wait for ground delivery to get critical components to customers.

• He joined the Marine Corps, and while serving in Viet Nam as a ground officer, he accompanied pilots on more than 200 combat missions, all while noticing how efficient the military’s delivery system is.

• After leaving the military, he inherited $4 million from his father. He raised an additional $80 million from investors and decided to go into the business of providing business owners with the fastest delivery service on earth.

• He started by purchasing a controlling interest in an airline maintenance company, then turned to buying used jets. He opened his doors for business in 1973, guaranteeing overnight delivery between any two points in the 11-city network he set up. He carried just seven packages on his first run, and soon closed down in order to reorganize.

• He more than doubled his network to 25 cities and re-launched the business a month later, this time carrying a total of 186 packages.

• The U.S. Post Office sued him to try to maintain their monopoly. He lost $27 million in his first two years and resorted to playing the blackjack tables in Vegas to keep afloat. But by the late 1970s Americans nationwide were relying on his company’s ability to deliver critical goods overnight. Today the company has 645 aircraft and 71,000 trucks carrying upwards of 5.5 million items daily. Name it. (Answer next page)

Page 6 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361Answer: FedEx, short for Federal Express.

QUIZ: A FAMOUS PHRASE• The U.S. Air Force wanted to know how sudden

deceleration would affect pilots. They designed a series of experiments that consisted of volunteers being strapped into rocket-propelled sleds which were quickly accelerated before the brakes were abruptly applied. The volunteers wore a vest wired with sensors that measured the force.

• According to the legend, an engineer named Edward designed this harness, but Edward did not install the sixteen individual sensors. A technician did that.

• On the day of the first test, volunteer John Paul Stapp was strapped into his harness, belted into the seat, and sent for the ride of his life. The deceleration was so forceful that when Stapp staggered out of the seat, his nose was bleeding and his eyes were bloodshot.

• When Edward went to gather the data collected by the sensors, he discovered to his dismay that not a single bit of information had been collected, because the technician wired the sensors backwards and not one of them functioned. Stapp had risked his life for nothing.

• Edward muttered something about, “if there’s a way to do something wrong, he’ll find it.”

• At a press conference a fe days later, Stapp paraphrased Edward’s comment, saying words to the effect that, “if there are two or more ways to do something, and if one of those results in catastrophe, then someone will do it that way.”

• Eventually this pessimistic saying was distilled, becoming a well-nown expression that was named after Edward’s last name. What was Ed’s last name, and what is this pithy pessimistic platitude?

Answer: Murphy, as in Murphy’s Law:

“If anything can go wrong, it will.”

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by Samantha Weaver

* It was a man named Thomas Jones who made the following sage observation: “Friends may come and go, but enemies accumulate.”

* If you’re like the average American, you order meals to take away from restaurants more often than you actually eat inside a restaurant.

* You may be forgiven if you’ve never heard of Violet Jessup, who lived a remarkably fortunate (or unfortunate, depending on your point of view) life. At the age of 23, Jessup was serving as a steward on the RMS Olympic when the luxury liner collided with a British warship and sank. She survived to continue her profession, taking a position on the RMS Titanic less than two years later, in 1912. That didn’t end well, as we all know, but once again, Jessup survived. Amazingly, she continued her oceangoing career, and during World War I she served as a nurse aboard the Hospital Ship Britannic. When the Britannic struck a mine and sank, Jessup was pulled underwater and hit her head on the keel of the ship. Despite her injuries, she was rescued once again. Three maritime disasters didn’t seem to faze her, though; she remained a stewardess for the rest of her career.

* In 2007, researchers using Google Earth discovered the world’s largest beaver dam. Located in the wilderness of northern Canada, the dam is more than a half- mile long at 2,790 feet; experts estimate the structure was started in the mid-1970s.

* If you’re a resident of Ohio, please keep in mind that in that state, it is illegal to get undressed in front of a man’s portrait.

Thought for the Day: “The greatest analgesic, soporific, stimulant, tranquilizer, narcotic, and to some extent even antibiotic -- in short, the closest thing to a genuine panacea -- known to medical science is work.” --Thomas Szasz(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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The Interior Goat Owners Association is hosting a hoof trimming, disbudding and nutrition clinic on Saturday,May 9th, 2015 from 11-2 in Silver Creek. Come and learn the ABC’s of kid care and bring your new babies along for disbudding by donation,banding free. Hoof trimming demonstra-tion. You do not have to be a member to attend,

but new members are always welcome. Bring a fa-vorite dish to join in the potluck. Address is 1918 Salmon River Rd (15 mins South of Salmon Arm). Recommended donations are $10 for disbudding . Ages for disbudding differs between breeds. In-quiries and RSVP’s are welcome. 250 803 3443

Page 8 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

Photo’s by Steve