thuyet minh thi cong hoan thanh

Trng i hc Xy dng H Ni

n k thut thi cng

N MN HC

K THUT THI CNG INi dung: Lp bin php k thut thi cng b tng ct thp ton khi khung sn nh nhiu tng Gio vin hng dn : Trn Vn Sn H v tn sinh vin : Hong Thanh Bnh Lp : 50XD9 M s: 0488-50

S liu tnh ton:1. Phn mng: S liu b(m) a(m) t(m) Mng bin ( A ) 1.6 2.4 0.35 Mng gia ( B ) 1.6 2.5 0.35 Mng cnh gia (C ) 1.6 2.5 0.35

2. Phn thn: * Tit din ct: - Ct tng 1: C1 ( a/h ) = 25 * 50 cm C2 ( a/h ) = 25 * 50 cm - tin tnh ton ( phc v ring cho n ) gi thit tit din cc ct tng trn ( 2->9 ) c cng tit din vi ct tng 1. * Bc ct , nhp: - Bc ct: B = 3 m - Nhp bin: L1= 6.2 m - Nhp gia: L2 = 3.8 m * Chiu cao nh: - Chiu cao tng 1: H1 = 4.2 m - Chiu cao tng 2,3 8 : Ht = 3.2 m - Chiu cao mi ( tng 9 ): Hm = 3.2 m * Dm: - Dm chnh: + Dm D1b: Ta ly hD1= 1/10 LD1 = 1/10 * 6200 = 620 ( mm ) Vy kch thc dm D1b: b1 * h1 = 250 * 500 mm ( h: chiu cao dm tnh t y sn n y dm ) + Dm D1g: Chn kch thc dm D1g= 250* 250 mm ( h: chiu cao dm tnh t y sn n y dm ) - Dm ph ( dm D2, D3 ) Ta ly hdp = 1/12 Ldp = 1/12 * 3000 = 250 ( mm ) Vy chn kch thc dm ph : b*h = 200 * 200 mm ( h: chiu cao dm tnh t y sn n y dm ) - Dm mi: Ta ly hDm= 1/10 LDm = 1/10 * 6200 = 620 ( mm ) Vy kch thc dm Dm: b1 * h1 = 250 * 500 mm ( h: chiu cao dm tnh t y sn n y dm )

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

1


n k thut thi cng

Cc s liu tnh ton khc: - Chiu dy sn nh: ds= 12 cm - Chiu dy mi nh: dm = 12 cm - Hm lng ct thp: - Ct: 120kg/m3 - Dm, sn: 170kg/m3 - Chn nhm g c cc thng s: [ ] = 110(kG / cm2 )

[ ] = 700(kG / m3 )

-

E = 10 5 (kG / cm 2 ) Ma thi cng: Ma ng

3. S mt bng v mt ct ca cng trnh ( hnh v trang bn )

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

2


n k thut thi cng

I. C IM CNG TRNH- Nh b tng ct thp gm 14 bc, 4 nhp kch thc: + B * L = 20 * 42 m . + H = 29.8 Nh khung b tng ct thp ton khi. Nh nhiu tng c kt cu cc tng l tng i ging nhau. Quy m cng trnh thuc dng va, khng phi l cng trnh c tm quan trng ln. - iu kin thi cng: Cng trnh thi cng vo ma ng: Vit Nam nhit vo ma ng khng qu thp, t ma, m thp, nhn chung l ph hp cho thi cng. a im thi cng: Rng ri, c ng cho cc phng tin vn ti c ln ra vo, nm ngoi thnh ph, c khng gian b tr cc cng tc thi cng. n v thi cng: L n v ln c y kh nng v my mc, thit b, cng nhn lnh ngh c kh nng s dng nhng cng ngh thi cng tin tin.

II. PHN TCH, CHN LA GII PHP CNG NGH, BIN PHP K THUT THI CNG CC KT CU:* Cng trnh l nh cao tng c s lng cng vic khc nhau khng nhiu, c th y t tng 2 n tng 8 tng i ging nhau, do bin php thi cng thng c chn l thi cng dy chuyn. y do chiu di nh l tng i ln, s lng bc ct nhiu. V vy thun tin cho cng tc t chc thi cng c nhp nhng v lin tc ta chn gii php chia khu vc thi cng thnh cc phn khu nh hn. V cng ph hp vi kh nng lm vic ca ngi v my mc ( khi b tng ) * Chn phng php thi cng b tng: C 3 phng php b tng ton khi l: 1. Thi cng ton khi ct, dm, sn. 2. Thi cng ct trc, ton khi dm sn sau. 3. Thi cng tng phn: ct trc, ri n dm, cui cng mi thi cng sn. La chn: Cng trnh khng phi l c bit quan trng, khng i hi lin khi qu cao, ch cn m bo cng theo phng ngang. Thi cng theo phng n 1 s c kh khn trong cng tc vn khun gin gio, cng tc ct thp v c yu cu c bit hn v m v cht lng b tng. Thi cng theo phng n 3 s lm chm tin v khng m bo tnh lin khi ca dm sn, cng theo phng ngang. Ta chn thi cng theo phng n 2 . Ph hp vi kh nng thi cng v yu cu thi gian, kt cu cng trnh. * Chn bin php k thut b tng thi cng b tng cho cng trnh ta cng c th la chn t 2 phng n: - Phng n 1: Trn b tng ti ch, vn chuyn ln bng vn thng v cn trc thp. Sau dng xe kt kt v th cng vn chuyn n ni . - Phng n 2: S dng b tng thng phm c xe vn chuyn n chn cng trnh, sau dng my bm bm hoc cn trc thp a ln cc v tr cn . phng n 1 u im l gi thnh r, tuy nhin thi cng i hi phi c mt bng rng ln tp kt vt liu cng nh trn b tng. Phng n ny cng s dng nhiu th cng v nng sut cc my vn chuyn thp, cho nn nng sut b tng khng cao m cng trnh ca ta c khi lng rt ln, do nu bng th cng nh vy s mt rt nhiu thi gian

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

3


n k thut thi cng

(btng d b kh, b phn tng), mt bng b chia l ra v thi cng phi c mch ngng dn n kh t cht lng yu cu. Thc t mt bng thi cng b hn ch, thi cng i hi thi gian cng nhanh cng tt, th khi phng n 2 u im hn: Khng cn mt bng ln, thi cng lin tc, khng c mch ngng nht l i vi sn dm. Cht lng b tng c m bo v nhn cng phc v l t. Tuy gi thnh c cao hn nhng vi nhng u im , ngoi ra y l cng ngh tin tin, m bo v sinh mi trng, hn ch ting n v rung ng , mt iu rt quan trng. Trong thi cng trong cc thnh ph ln th phng n 2 l rt hp l. Mt khc thi cng ct, li c khc: do kch thc hp (khng rng ln nh dm sn) do vic bng my bm l khng m bo bi v my bm i hi khi lng thi cng ln, lin tc. M thi cng ct li c kch thc nh, thi gian m lu... do dng b tng thng phm do xe chuyn dng ch n v vo thng cha cn trc thp cu ln . V th la chn bin php thi cng b tng y ca chng ta l: - Dm sn c chia lm 4 phn khu, s dng b tng thng phm, kt hp vi cn trc thp thi cng . - S dng b tng thng phm, dng cn trc thp b tng ct ,li. * Chn phng n cp pha, gin gio: + Cng tc vn khun : Hin nay trn th trng cung cp nhiu loi vn khun, phc v nhu cu a dng cho thi cng cc cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip. thun tin cho qu trnh thi cng lp dng v tho d, m bo cht lng thi cng, m bo vic lun chuyn vn khun ti a, ta chn s dng h vn khun nh hnh bng thp, kt hp vi h gio bng gio Pal, h thanh chng n kim loi, h gio thao tc ng b. + L do s dng vn khun thp nh hnh: - t c bn cao, duy tr c cng ln trong sut qu trnh b tng, bo m an ton cao cho vn khun. Vic lp dng c m bo chnh xc, b mt b tng thng nhn. - Vic tho lp vn khun n gin nh cc phng php lin kt thch hp, do vy khng cn cng nhn c trnh cao. y l yu t quan trng trong sut thi gian thi cng. - Chi ph thit k vn khun c gim v cc cng vic tnh ton c tnh sn, lp thnh cc bng tra. i vi cc dng vn khun c bit, cng vic thit k ch cn da trn c s c tnh sn m hiu chnh li cho thch hp. - Vn khun cng c t c thi gian s dng lu nht, c th dng cho mt hay nhiu cng trnh m vn p ng c yu cu k thut, qun l thun tin, hiu qu kinh t cao. - Hnh dng, kch thc ca tng cu kin thch hp cho vic lp dng, tho d, vn chuyn bng th cng. c bit, khi tm khun ch to hon ton bng thp mng th trng lng rt nh. - Vn khun cng c khi km theo chng bng gin gio cng c s tr thnh mt h thng ng b, hon chnh, m bo thi cng nhanh, nng cao thm cht lng vn khun, hin trng thi cng gn gng, khng gian thong, mt bng vn chuyn tin li, an ton. Khi tnh ton thit k vn khun s dng catalog ca Cng ty thit b ph tng ha cht Ha Pht. + H : S dng b gin gio cng c (gio PAL) v ct chng n iu chnh c chiu cao.

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

4


n k thut thi cng

Khi tnh ton thit k h s dng catalog ca Cng ty thit b ph tng ha cht Ha Pht. * Chn phng n gia cng, vn chuyn thp: +Ct thp c tin hnh gia cng ti cng trng. Vic vn chuyn, d tr c tnh ton ph hp vi tin thi cng chung, m bo yu cu v cht lng. + Do khi lng vt liu khng qu ln c th dng cu trc thp vn chuyn ln cao. M t tng qut dy chuyn thi cng kt cu 1 tng n gin: Chia lm 2 t thi cng. + t 1: Thi cng ct. + t 2: Thi cng dm, sn Tng ng vi c cc dy chuyn thi cng sau: + Lp dng ct thp ct v vn khun ct. + b tng ct. + Ghp vn khun dm sn. ( Tho vn khun ct. ) + t ct thp dm sn. + b tng dm sn. + Tho d vn khun dm sn

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

5


n k thut thi cng

III. V CC S CU TO; TNH TON, THIT K VN KHUN V H CHNG CHO CC KT CU CT, DM, SN.A. THIT K VN KHUN, CT CHNG TNG 2 ( TNG IN HNH ) Chn sn tng 2 lm sn tng in hnh thit k. ( Nh 9 tng c cc tng 2,3 8 c cu to tng t nhau ) 1. La chn loi vn khun Hin nay trong xy dng s dng hai h vn khun chnh l h vn khun bng g v h vn khun nh hnh ( bng thp hay bng g dn c sn thp gia cng ) H vn khun bng g i hi mt nhiu cng sc ch to, kh thay i kch thc (nh ct chng nu chiu cao tng khc nhau th kh lun chuyn c), linh hot km, t l hao ht ln . H vn khun nh hnh bng thp hay bng g dn c sn thp gia cng d tho lp, thi cng nhanh, b mt cu kin thi cng p, h s lun chuyn ln . Cng trnh l nh cao tng ( 9 tng ) i hi mt lng vn khun rt ln nn vic s dng vn khun c bn ln s em li hiu qu cao. Do vy ta chn dng vn khun nh hnh bng thp c h s lun chuyn ln va em li hiu qu thi cng cao va ph hp vi kh nng p ng ca th trng.Vn thp nh hnh ca hng Ha pht ch to, gng thp, x g g, gio PAL, ct chng n do Ho Pht ch to Cc thng s k thut v cu to ca vn khun v h chng Ha pht c trong ph lc i km thuyt minh. 2. Thit k vn khun sn: a.T hp gio PAL. Chiu cao tng 3,2 m,chiu cao sn 120mm Chiu cao thng thu: h = 3200 120 = 3080 (mm). S dng h gio PAL kt hp t 2 t hp cao 1,5 m v 1,0 m lm kt cu dm. Kim tra: 3080 - (1500+1000 + 255) = 325 < 600 (mm). Trong :Chiu dy 2 lp x g v vn sn tm tnh bng 25,5cm. ( 10 cm dm lp trn, 10 cm dm lp di v 5.5 cm b dy ca vn khun ) Tng chiu cao ca chn kch v u kch k c phn c nh l 0,2 0,75m Tng chiu cao iu chnh ca chn kch v u kch:0,05 0,6m b. Xc nh ti trng tc dng ln dm sn: Ti trng tc dng ln dm sn l lc phn b u qtt bao gm tnh ti ca b tng sn, vn khun v cc hot ti trong qu trnh thi cng . + Tnh ti: Bao gm ti trng do b tng ct thp sn v ti trng ca vn khun sn . - Ti trng do b tng ct thp sn: Sn dy 120. p1 = n h sn = 1.2 0.12 2500 = 360 (kG/m2) . - Ti trng do bn thn vn khun sn: p2 = n h = 1.1 50 = 55 (kG/m2) . Trong : n l h s vt ti. .h = 50 kG/m2 ( c lng ) Vy ta c tng tnh ti tnh ton: p = p1+ p2 = 360 + 55 = 415 (kG/m2) . + Hot ti: Bao gm hot ti sinh ra do ngi v phng tin di chuyn trn sn, do qu trnh m btng v do b tng vo vn khun. - Hot ti sinh ra do ngi v phng tin di chuyn trn b mt sn : Hong Thanh Bnh MSSV 0488-50 Lp 50XD9 6


n k thut thi cng

p3 = n .ptc = 1,3 250 = 325 (kG/m2) . Trong hot ti tiu chun do ngi v phng tin di chuyn trn sn ly l ptc = 250kG/m2 - Hot ti sinh ra do qu trnh m rung b tng v b tng p4 = n .ptc = 1,3 400 = 520 (kG/m2) . Vy tng ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln sn l: ptts = p1 +p2 +0,9(p3 +p4 ) = 360 + 55 + 0,9 ( 325 + 520 ) = 1175.5 ( kG/m2) . Tng ti trng tiu chun tc dng ln sn 2 qtcs = 300+50+0,9 ( 250+400 ) = 935 (kG/m ). c. Tnh ton kim tra vn sn. S tnh ton vn sn l : Coi vn sn nh dm lin tc k ln cc gi ta l cc x g loi 1. ( x g lp trn )6200 3100

3000

3000

200

T3 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1

T4 T2 T2 T2 T2 T2 T2 T2 T2 T2

9*300= 2700

1500T1: 1500*300 T3: 1500*200

1200T2: 1200*300 T4: 1200*200

50

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

7


n k thut thi cng

Xt sn in hnh c kch thc 2900 2750 m. Dm D1 rng 0.25 m, Dm D2,3 rng 0.2 m Dng vn khun: 9 * HP 1530 , 9 * HP 1230, 1 * HP 1520, 1 * HP 1220 , c mt s vn sn nh hn lm bng g dng lp vo nhng ch thiu. Khong cch l gia cc x g 1 c tnh ton sao cho m bo iu kin bn v iu kin n nh cho vn sn. V sn c chng bng gio PAL nn khong cch gia cc x g lp 2 ( lp di ) l 1.2m. Khong cch cc x g lp 1 ph thuc vo t hp vn sn. Cn c vo t hp vn khun nh hnh v di y ta b tr khong cch ln nht gia cc x g lp 1 l 90cm Ct ra 1 di bn c b rng b = 0.3 m bng b rng ca mt vn sn tnh ton Ti trng tc dng ln di 0.3m l: qtts = 1175.5 0,3 = 352.65 ( kG/m.) qtcs = 935 0,3 = 280.5 ( kG/m.)

q

lM

l

l

M= /10 ql

2

M

+ Tnh ton theo iu kin bn : Mmax [ M ] q tt l 2 [ ] .W 10 [ ] = 2100 kG/cm2 Vi Cng chu un ca vn khun kim loi: Momen khng un ca tm vn khun rng 30cm: W = 6.55 (cm3) Coi di vn khun nh dm lin tc k ln cc dc ta c: 10.[ ] .W 10.2100.6,55 L1xg = = = 197.49cm . tt q 3.5265 + Tnh ton theo iu kin bin dng: vng gii hn cho php ca vn sn [f]= l 400 vng ln nht ca vn khun sn l q tc .l 4 f = 128 EJ 400 Vi J = 28.46cm 4 Theo iu kin ny th khong cch ln nht ca x g: Mm ax =

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

8

Trng i hc Xy dng H Ni L1xg =3

n k thut thi cng

128 EJ 3 128.2,1.106.28, 46 = = 189.6cm 400.q tc 400 2.805 Kt hp vi iu kin t x g 1 theo cu to vi vn sn v vi x g 2 ( x g 2 t ln gio Pal c khong cch l 1.2 m ) Vy chn khong cch gia cc x g ngang l 60cm ph hp vi iu kin tnh ton v cu to. d. Tnh ton, kim tra n nh ca x g : H x g lp 1 c ta ln h x g lp 2 ( khong cch= 120cm). Chn dng x g bng g c tit din 8 10 cm c cc c trng hnh hc nh sau: Mmen qun tnh J ca x g : J = M men khng un bh3 8.103 = = 666.67 ( cm4) 12 12

bh 2 8.102 = = 133.33 (cm3) 6 6 S tnh ton x g l dm lin tc nhp 120cm chu ti trng phn b (do trn x g c nhiu hn 5 lc tp trung ti cc v tr c sn thp ca vn khun sn ): qtt = qtts +qttxg =1175.5 0,6 + 1,2 700 0,08 0,1 = 712.02 kG/m qtc = qtcs +qtcxg =935 0,6 + 700 0,08 0,1 = 566.6 kG/m Do l1 = 60cm l khong cch gia cc x g lp 1. + Kim tra li iu kin bn : : W= M q tt l 2 7.1202 1202 = = = 76.898 (kG/cm2) < [] = 115 kG/cm2 W 10.W 10 133.33 Vy iu kin bn c m bo . + Kim tra li iu kin bin dng : vng c tnh theo cng thc :

=

5.666 1204 q tc l 4 f = = 0,1376(cm) f = 128 105 666, 67 128EJ l 120 = = 0,3(cm) > f (Tho mn) vng cho php : [ f ] = 400 400 Nh vy, tit din x g ngang chn v khong cch gia cc x g dc b tr l tho mn. e . Kim tra s lm vic ca x g dc : bh3 10 123 = = 1440(cm4) ; Tit din 100 120 c : J = 12 12 bh 2 10 122 = = 240(cm3) 6 6 Ti trng tp trung t gia thanh l : Ptt = qtt 1,2 = 712.02 1,2 = 854.424 (kG) Ptc = qtc 1,2 = 566.6 1,2 = 679.92 (kG) P.l 854.424 1.2 = = 256.3272 Ta c M tp trung gia dm: M = 4 4 Theo iu kin bn : W=

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9

9


n k thut thi cng

M 256.3272 100 = = 106.803(kG / cm 2) < [ ] g = 110 (kG/cm2) (Tho mn) W 240 - Theo iu kin bin dng :

=

vng c tnh theo cng thc: f = vng cho php:

Pl 3 6.7992 1203 f = = 0,16998(cm) 48 EJ 48 105 1440

l 120 = = 0,3(cm) > f (Tho mn) 400 400 Nh vy, tit din x g dc chn v khong cch gia cc x g dc b tr l tho mn. f. Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca gio PAL Ti trng tc dng ln 1 ct chng ca gio PAL khi gi s din dn ti l hnh vung cnh 1.2 1.2 ( m ) l: P= lg lg ptts = 1.2 1.2 1175.5=1692.72 (kG) P f =0.168 cm 400 400 Chn x g nh trn l hp l. Ta tnh c f = c. Tnh ton vn khun thnh dm Chiu cao tnh ton ca vn khun thnh dm l: h = 50cm Vn khun thnh dm gm 2 vn phng rng 25 cm. - Ti trng do va btng: qtt1 = n1 . .h qtt1 = 1.2 0.5 2500 = 1500 (kG/m2) . qtc1 = 0.5 2500 = 1250 (kG/m2) . - Hot ti sinh ra do qu trnh m btng v b tng(khng ng thi) qtt2 = n2 .qtc2 =1,3 (150+400) 0,9 = 643,5(kG/m2) qtc2 = (150+400) 0,9=495 (kG/m2) . Trong hot ti tiu chun do qu trnh , m btng ly l 400kG/m2 Hong Thanh Bnh MSSV 0488-50 Lp 50XD9 12


n k thut thi cng

+ Vy tng ti trng tnh ton l: qtt = q1 + q2 = 1500 + 643,5 = 2143,5 ( kG/m2). + Tng ti trng tiu chun tc dng: qtc = 1250 + 495 = 1745 (kG/m2). Ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln 1 vn khun l: qtt = 2143,5 0.25 = 535.875 ( kG/m) Ti trng tiu chun tc dng ln 1 vn khun:qtc =1745 0.25 = 436.25 (kG/m) Coi vn khun thnh dm nh l dm lin tc ta trn cc gi ta l thanh np ng. Khong cch gia cc gi ta l khong cch gia cc thanh np. Tnh khong cch gia cc thanh np Theo iu kin bn: =

Mmax < [] = 1800 Kg/cm2 W

qtt.l2 qtt.l2 []. Trong : Mmax = 10 10WVn khun rng 300 c W = 6.55 cm3 l

[ 10W ] 10 5.27 1800 = = 133,048 (cm) tt q 5.358753

Tnh ton khong cch gia cc gng theo iu kin bin dng:

l qtc.l4 f= < [f] = l 400 128.E.J1

128.EJ 128 2,1 106 24,28 =3 = 155.224 (cm) 400.q 400 4.3625 tc

T nhng kt qu trn ta chn l = 120cm, v tr ca gng trng vi v tr t x g ngang lp d. Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca gio PAL Ti trng tc dng ln 1 ct chng ca gio PAL ( gi s ct chng t ngay di dm, khong cch cc ct l 1.2 m ) l: P= lg b ptt= 1.2 0.25 2143.5=643.05 (kG) P 9 ) c cng tit din vi ct tng 1. Ta c: Kch thc ca ct : b h = 25 50 cm. Vn khun ct dng loi vn khun nh hnh do Ha Pht sn xut. thit k vn khun ct kch thc 250 500 ( mm ) ta dng t hp 1 tm vn khun thp rng 250 cho b mt ct 250 mm v 2 tm rng 250 cho b mt ct 500 mm. c trng hnh hc ca loi vn khun 25 cm l: J = 24.28 cm4 ; W = 5.27 cm3 a. Xc nh ti trng tc dng vn khun - Ti trng do va b tng : qtt1 = n1 . .H ( H R). Vi n1: l h s vt ti n1 =1.2

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9 15


n k thut thi cng

= 2.5 t/m3 l trng lng ring b tng ct thp. R = 0.75 m bn knh tc dng ca m di loi m trong, ly H = R = 0.75 tt q 1 = 1.2 0.75 2500 = 2250 (kG/m2). qtc1 = 0.75 2500 = 1875 (kG/m2) . - Hot ti sinh ra do qu trnh m btng v b tng(khng ng thi) qtt2 = n2 .qtc2 = 1.3 400 = 520 (kG/m2) ; qtc2 = 400 = 400 (kG/m2) . Trong hot ti tiu chun do m btng ly 200 kg/m2, do l 400kG/m2 v i vi cp pha ng, thng khi th khng m, khi m th khng nn ta ly ti trng do m v b tng: q= 400 (kG/m2) Vy tng ti trng tnh ton l: qtt = q1 + q2 = 2250+520 = 2770 kG/m2 . Tng ti trng tiu chun tc dng: qtc = 1875 + 400 = 2275 kG/m2 . Ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln 1 vn khun l: ptt = 2770 0.25 = 6925 kG/m. Ti trng tiu chun tc dng ln 1 vn khun : qtc= 2275 0.25 = 568.75 kG/cm. b. Tnh ton vn khun ct: Coi vn khun ct tnh ton nh l dm lin tc ta trn cc gi ta l cc gng. Khong cch gia cc gi ta l khong cch gia cc gng Tnh khong cch gia cc gng Theo iu kin bn: =

Mmax < [] W qtt.l2 q tt .l2 = [] 10 10W

Trong : Mmax l

[ = 10 5.27 1800 = 117.039cm) 10W ] tt 6.925 ql qtc.l4 < [f] = 400 128.E.J

Theo iu kin bin dng: f= l

3

128.EJ 128 2,1 106 24.28 = 3 = 142.1cm 400.q 400 5.6875 tc

T nhng kt qu trn ta chn l = 60cm. Nhng tu theo tng trng hp c th m b tr khong cch cc gng sao cho hp l hn. c. Chn v tnh ton gng Chn gng thp Ha Pht l thp hnh L70 70 7 c: J = 48.2 cm4 ; W = 12.99 cm3 . p lc phn b u trn gng l: qtt = 2770 0,6 = 1662 kG/m. qtc = 2275 0,6 = 1365 kG/m.

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9 16


n k thut thi cng

qttl2 M men ln nht : Mmax = = 7479 kGcm. 8 M 7479 + iu kin bn := = =575.75 kG/cm2 < [] = 1800 kG/cm2. 12.99 W5 13.65 604 5.q tc .l 4 + Kim tra vng : f = = = 0.0227 cm. 384 2,1 106 48.2 384.E.J vng cho php : [ f] =

l 60 = = 0.15 cm > f=0.0227cm 400 400

Chn gng nh trn l hp l. d. T hp vn khun ct V ct c thi cng trc, sau khi tho vn khun ct mi tin hnh ghp vn khun dm sn nn ta ch t hp chiu cao vn khun nh hnh bng thp ti y dm Chiu cao tnh ton l: 3200-120-500=2580 mm Loi vn khun Vn thnh 25 Vn thnh 50 250 1500 1 2 250 1200 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Gc 50 50 150 0

Gc 50 50 1200

B. THIT K VN KHUN, CT CHNG TNG 1 V TNG MI. 1. Tng mi: Tng mi c chiu cao: Hm=Ht=3.2 m Cc kch thc bn sn, dm u ging vi tng in hnh. Ta khng phi thit k li cho tng mi. 2. Tng 1 Tng 1 c chiu cao: H1=4.2 = Ht + 1 (m ) Cc kch thc bn sn, dm u ging vi tng in hnh. Ta khng cn thit k li vn khun cho tng 1. H ct chng ( gio PAL ) ta lp thm 1 h thanh c chiu di 1m tr thnh h chng cho tng 1. H gio PAL c n nh v kh nng chu lc ln. Vy ta cng khng phi tnh li h ct chng cho tng 1.

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IV. THNG K KHI LNG CNG TC1. Tnh khi lng cng tc b tng: Khi lng cng tc b tng c tnh ton v lp thnh bng. 2. Tnh khi lng cng tc ct thp Gi s: Khi lng ct thp trong chi tit ct: 120kg/m3 B tng Khi lng ct thp trong chi tit dm sn: 170kg/m3 B tng Khi lng cng tc ct thp c tnh ton v lp thnh bng 3 .Tnh khi lng cng tc vn khun Khi lng cng tc vn khun ct, dm sn c tnh ton qua bng.

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V. PHN CHIA CNG TRNH THNH CC T V PHN ON THI CNGVic phn khu c thc hin trn cc nguyn tc sau: - Phi m bo khi lng lao ng trong mi khu vc phi thch ng vi 1 ca lm vic ca 1 t i , c bit l cng tc b tng ( s lng cng nhn v kh nng ca my mc phi p ng cho cc cng tc trn mt khu vc c tin hnh lin tc v khng ngng ngh ) - Mch ngng phn khu phi c t nhng v tr c ni lc nh ( Q nh ) hay khe nhit . Khi hng b tng song song vi dm chnh th v tr mch nhng - Chnh lch khi lng cng vic gia cc phn khu khng qu 20% t chc thi cng dy chuyn v chuyn mn ha. Da vo cc nguyn tc ta c th chia mt bng nh thnh cc phn khu cng tc theo phng n sau: Chia mt bng nh thnh 4 phn khu nh hnh v.10500 9500 11500 10500

6200

20000

3100

3100

3800

3800

1

2

3

4

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000 42000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

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chnh lch th tch b tng gia phn khu c khi lng b tng dm sn ln nht v nh nht l: =(36.047-34.608)/34.608 100 = 4.158 % Tha mn iu kin chnh lch v th tch b tng. Thi cng theo 5 dy chuyn chnh: 1. Lp t vn khun, ct thp v b tng ct. 2. Tho vn khun ct v ghp vn khun dm. 3. Lp t ct thp dm, sn. 4. b tng dm sn. 5. Tho vn khun chu lc v khng chu lc.

VI.

TNH TON NHU CU MY MC THIT B PHC V THI CNG:

Cc s liu cn thit cho qu trnh chn my thi cng: + Tng chiu di cng trnh: 42m + Chiu rng cng trnh: 20m + Chiu cao cng trnh: 29.8m Theo bin php k thut thi cng: - B tng dm sn s dng b tng thng phm. - S dng cn trc thp a vt liu ln cao. 1. Chn cn trc thp: Do khi lng b tng ln v thi cng thun li gim cng vn chuyn trung gian, rt bt nhn lc v t hiu qu thi cng cao ta dng cn trc thp cu b tong v b tng trc tip t thng cha. Chn cn trc thp chy ray do nh khng qu cao, li tri theo phng di. Thi cng theo phng php phn khu. Chn cn trc thp trong 1 ca m bo vn chuyn b tng ln cao v b tng trc tip t thng cha. Ta chn khi lng vn chuyn ca phn khu I ( phn khu c khi lng b tng dm sn ln nht tnh ) Ta c: Vbt=36.047 (m3) + Xc nh cao cn thit ca cn trc: H = H ct + H at + H ck + H dt Trong : Hct: cao cng trnh cn t cu kin; Hct= 29.8m Hat: Khong cch an ton; Hat = 1m Hck: Chiu cao cu kin Hck = 1.5m Hdt: Chiu cao thit b treo buc; Hdt = 1m C: H=29.8+1+1,5+1=33.3 (m) + Tm vi cn trc thp: R= B + d Trong : B: Chiu rng cng trnh t mp cng trnh n v tr xa nht t cu kin. B = 20m d: Khong cch t trc quay n mp cng trnh. V cn trc c i trng di thp nn: d= r/2 + e + ldg Hong Thanh Bnh MSSV 0488-50 Lp 50XD9 20


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r: Khong cch gia 2 tm ray. e: Khong cch an ton; e=2 m ldg: Chiu rng dn gio + khong lu thng thi cng. C ldg=2.5 m Vy: d= 6/2+2+2.5=7.5 m R= d + B = 7.5 + 20 = 27.5 m. Sc trc: Chn loi thng trn dung tch 1.5 m3. Trng lng b tng 3.75 T. Ta c: Qyc= 3.75 * 1.1 = 4.125T ( trng lng c k c khi lng thng cha ) Cn c vo cc thng s sau chn cn trc thp: + Hyc=33.3 m + Ryc=27.5 m + Qyc=4.125 T Chn cn trc thp KB-403 A c cc c tnh k thut sau: + Ti trng nng: Q=5-8 Tn + Tm vi: R=20-30 m + Chiu cao nng: Hmax=57.5 m + Tc : - Tc nng: 40m/pht. - Tc h vt: 5m/pht - Tc di chuyn xe con: 27.5m/pht - Tc di chuyn cn trc: 18m/pht - Tc quay: 0.6 v/pht. - r,b : 6m *Xc nh nng sut ca cn trc thp: + Xc nh chu k cn trc: Cng thc: T = E tii =1 n

Trong : E: H s kt hp cc ng tc. E=0.8 vi cu trc thp ( c kt hp chuyn ng ) . S ti = i + (3 4) s ; Thi gian thc hin thao tc i , c vn tc vi. v t1: Thi gian mc thng vo cu ( chuyn thng ) ; t1=10s. 33.3 60 + 3 = 52.95s t2: Thi gian nng vt ti v tr quay ngang: t2 = 40 0.5 60 + 3 = 53s t3: Thi gian quay cn ti v tr cn b tng. t3 = 0.6 27.5 60 + 3 = 63s t4: Thi gian xe con chy n v tr b tng; t4 = 27.5 1 + 1.5 60 + 3 = 33s . t5: Thi gian h thng xung v tr thi cng; t5 = 5 t6: Thi gian b tng ; t6 = 120 s 1 + 1.5 60 + 3 = 6.75s . t7: Thi gian nng thng ln tr li; t5 = 40 t8: Thi gian di chuyn xe con ti v tr trc khi quay; t8 = t4 = 63s . t9: Thi gian quay cn v v tr ban u; t9 = t3 = 53s Hong Thanh Bnh MSSV 0488-50 Lp 50XD9 21

Trng i hc Xy dng H Ni t10: Thi gian h thng ly thng mi. t10 = 33.3 60 + 3 = 402.6 s 5

n k thut thi cng

t11: Thi gian thay thng mi. t11 = 10 s Vy tng thi gian cn trc thp thc hin 1 chu k l: T = E ti = 685.84si =1 11

* Nng sut cn trc thp l: N ca = n.Q.kq ktg T (T / ca ) Trong : n: s chu k lm vic ca cu trc trong mt gi. Q: Ti trng nng, ly Q= 4.125 T kq: H s s dng ti trng, kq=0.8 ktg: H s s dng thi gian, ktg=0.85 T: Thi gian lm vic 1 ca ly bng 8h. Vy nng sut ca cn trc thp l: N ca = 3600 4.125 0,8 0,85 8 = 117.79(T / ca ) 685.84

Th tch b tng m cn trc vn chuyn trong 1 ca l: 3600 N ca = 1.5 0,8 0,85 8 = 42.83(m3 / ca ) > 36.047m3 ( Th tch b tng dm sn ln 685.84 nht trong 1 phn khu ) + Khi lng b tng cn ln nht trong 1 phn khu l 36.047 m3, thi gian s dng cn trc thp xong l 7h. ( i vi tng 9 ) B tng s dng l b tng thng phm, vn chuyn t trm trn ca cng ty VINACONEX1. Vn chuyn n cng trnh thnh 3 t: ( i vi tng 9 ) t 1: 14m3 ( 1 xe 6m3 , 1 xe 8m3 ) t 2: 8m3 ( 1 xe 8m3) vn chuyn n sau t 1 l 2h . t 1: 14m3 (1 xe 6m3 , 1 xe 8m3) vn chuyn n sau t 2 l 2h B tng thng phm c km ph gia m bo thi gian ninh kt sau khi n cng trng l > 3h. 2. Chn my m b tng: Khi lng b tng ct cn m trong 1 phn khu. V 10.2m3 Khi lng b tng dm cn m trong 1 phn khu. V 10.847m3 Khi lng b tng sn cn m trong 1 phn khu. V 25.428m3 Cn c vo khi lng b tng cn m nh trn ta chn my nh sau: + Chn 2 my m di. Hiu I-21A c nng sut 1 my 6m3/ca + Chn 2 my m bn m hiu U7 nng sut 1 my 20m3/ca. 3. My vn thang v cc phng tin vn chuyn khc: Nhn thy ngy lm vic nhiu nht ca cn trc thp l ngy va b tng ct va vn chuyn vn khun v ct thp dm sn. Ta c. Hong Thanh Bnh MSSV 0488-50 Lp 50XD9 22


n k thut thi cng

+ Trng lng vn khun: Trng lng vn khun ly trung bnh 43 kG/m2 , tng din tch vn khun dm, sn tng 2 l 1677.54 m2 khi lng vn khun c tng l 1677.54 43 : 4 = 18033.56 kG= 18 Tn. + Trng lng ct thp dm sn: Tng trng lng ct thp dm sn tng 2 l 7.3 Tn Vy tng khi lng cn vn chuyn trong ngy ln nht ca cn trc thp l: Q = 10.2*2.5 + 18 1,2 + 7.3 1,2 = 55.86 Tn. Nh vy ta khng cn b tr thm vn thng vn chuyn vt liu.

VII.

BIN PHP K THUT THI CNG:

Cng trnh l nh cao tng, khung b tng ct thp nn vic thi cng rt phc tp v tn nhiu th gian, nhn lc, vt lc, i hi phi c s gim st cht ch ca cc cn b thi cng. 1 .Bin php thi cng ct a - Xc nh tim, trc ct Dng 2 my kinh v t theo 2 phng vung gc nh v v tr tim ct ca ct, cc mc t vn khun, sn v nh du cc v tr ny cc t, i thi cng d dng xc nh chnh xc cc mc, v tr yu cu. b - Lp dng ct thp Yu cu ca ct thp dng thi cng l: + Ct thp phi c dng ng s liu, chng loi, ng knh, kch thc, s lng v v tr. + Ct thp phi sch, khng han r, khng dnh bn, c bit l du m. + Khi gia cng: Ct, un, ko hn ct thp trnh khng lm thay i tnh cht c l ca ct thp. - Lp dng ct thp: Ct thp c gia cng pha di, ct un theo ng hnh dng v kch thc thit k, xp t theo tng chng loi, buc thnh b thun tin cho vic dng cn cu vn chuyn ln v tr lp t. - thi cng ct thun tin, qu trnh buc ct thp phi c thc hin trc khi ghp vn khun .Ct thp c buc bng cc dy thp mm d = 1mm, cc khong ni phi ng yu cu k thut .Phi dng cc con k bng b tng nhm m bo v tr v chiu dy lp bo v cho ct thp. - Ni ct thp (buc hoc hn) theo tiu chun thit k: Trn mt mt ct ngang khng ni qu 25% din tch tng cng ca ct thp chu lc vi thp trn trn v khng qu 50% vi thp c g .Chiu di ni buc theo TCVN 4453-95 v khng nh hn 250mm vi thp chu ko v 200mm vi thp chu nn. - Vic lp dng ct thp phi m bo: + Cc b phn lp dng trc khng gy nh hng, cn tr n cc b phn lp dng sau. Hong Thanh Bnh MSSV 0488-50 Lp 50XD9 23


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+ C bin php gi n nh v tr ct thp, m bo khng bin dng trong qu trnh thi cng. + Sau khi lng v buc xong ct ai, c nh tm ta lp vn khun ct. c - Ghp vn khun, ct - Yu cu chung: + m bo ng hnh dng, kch thc theo yu cu thit k. + m bo bn vng n nh trong khi thi cng . + m bo kn tht, tho d d dng. - Bin php: Do lp vn khun sau khi t ct thp nn trc khi ghp vn khun cn lm v sinh chn ct, chn vch. + Ta trc mt on ct c chiu cao 10-15 cm lm gi, ghp vn khun c chnh xc. + Vn khun ct c gia cng theo tng mng theo kch thc ct .Ghp hp 3 mt, lun hp vn khun vo ct c t ct thp sau lp tip mt cn li. + Dng gng c nh hp vn, khong cch cc gng theo tnh ton. + iu chnh li v tr tim ct v n nh ct bng cc thanh chng xin c ren iu chnh v cc dy neo. B tng dng thi cng l b tng thng phm mua ca cc cng ty b tng c ch n cng trng bng xe chuyn dng. V vy m bo vic b tng c lin tc, kp thi, phi kho st trc c tuyn ng ti u cho xe ch b tng i . Ngoi ra, v cng trnh thi cng trong thnh ph nn thi im b tng phi c tnh ton trc sao cho vic thi cng b tng khng b ngng, ngt on do nh hng ca cc phng tin giao thng i li cn tr s vn chuyn b tng . c bit trnh cc gi cao im hay gy tc ng... Vic vn chuyn v b tng ti cng trng c thc hin bng cn trc thp c nhc im l tc chm, nng sut thp . Do mun s dng c hiu qu vic b tng bng cn trc thp phi t chc tht tt, cng tc chun b phi y , khng cn trc phi ch i. Ti u tp kt va b tng: Va b tng c xe ch b tng ch n v vo thng cha va (dung tch 1.5m3) . S dng t nht 2 thng cha va trong khi cn trc cu thng ny th np va vo cho thng kia . Khi cn trc h thng th nht xung tho mc cu ra th thng th hai sn sng c th mc cu vo v cu c lun, khng phi ch i .Phi chun b mt bng v cng nhn iu chnh h thng xung ng v tr, tho lp mc cu c nhanh. Ti u b tng: Phi c s nhp nhng v n khp gia ngi b tng v ngi li cu .u tin l nh v v tr b tng ca thng va ang cu ln, sau l cch nh th no, mt ch hay nhiu v tr, dy hay mng, phm vi va b tng .Vic ny c thc hin nh s iu khin ca mt ngi hng dn cu. Thng cha va b tng c c ch np b tng vo v b tng ra ring bit, iu khin d dng .Cng nhn b tng ng trn cc sn cng tc thc hin vic b tng.

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tng kh nng thao tc v a b tng xung gn v tr , trnh cho b tng b phn tng khi ri t do t cao hn 3,5m xung, c th lp thm cc thit b ph nh phu , ng vi voi, ng vi bt, ng cao su. B tng c thnh tng lp, chiu dy mi lp 30-40cm, m k bng m di sau mi lp b tng tip theo. Khi cng nh khi m b tng cn ch khng gy va p lm sai lch v tr ct thp. Khi b tng xong cn lm v sinh sch s thng cha b tng chun b cho ln sau. Ch : Phi kim tra li cht lng v st ca b tng trc khi s dng d - Cng tc tho vn khun. Vn khun ct l loi vn khun khng chu lc do sau khi b tng c 1 ngy ta tin hnh tho vn khun ct, vch. Tho vn khun ct xong mi lp vn khun dm, sn, v vy khi tho vn khun ct ta li mt phn pha trn u ct (nh trong thit k) lin kt vi vn khun dm. Vn khun c tho theo nguyn tc: Ci no lp trc th tho sau, ci no lp sau th tho trc. Vic tch, cy vn khun ra khi b tng phi c thc hin mt cch cn thn trnh lm hng vn khun v lm st m b tng. tho d vn khun c d dng, ngi ta dng cc n nh inh, km, x beng v nhng thit b khc. * Ch : Cn nghin cu k s truyn lc trong h vn khun lp tho d c an ton. 2 . Bin php thi cng dm sn. a - Lp dng vn khun dm, sn Lp h gio PAL theo trnh t: + t b kch (gm v kch) lin kt cc b kch vi nhau bng ging ngang v ging cho. + Lp dng khung gio vo tng b kch. + Lp cc thanh ging ngang v cho. + Lng khp ni v lm cht bng cht gia khp ni, cc khung c chng ti v tr thit k. + iu chnh cao ca h gio bng kch. Sau tin hnh t cc vn y, vn thnh, vn sn. Kim tra li bng phng v kn tht ca khun. b - Cng tc ct thp dm, sn Trc khi b tng cn kim tra li xem ct thp s lng, ng chng loi, ng v tr hay cha, v sinh ct thp, ti nc cho m b mt vn khun. b tng bng cn trc thp tng t nh khi thi cng b tng ct .m b tng sn bng m bn v m b tng dm bng m di. Vic ngng b tng phi m bo ng mch ngng thit k

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Trc khi b tng phn khu tip theo cn lm v sinh mch ngng, lm nhm, ti nc xi mng tng dnh kt ri mi b tng. c - Cng tc bo dng b tng v tho vn khun. B tng sau khi phi c quy trnh bo dng hp l, phi gi m t nht l 7 ngy m .Hai ngy u c 2 gi ng h ti nc mt ln .Ln u ti sau khi b tng 4-7 gi .Nhng ngy sau khong 3-10 gi ti mt ln tu theo nhit khng kh ( ma ng ti t nc ) .Vic i li trn b tng ch cho php khi b tng t cng 24kG/cm 2 ( ma ng 3 ngy). Vic tho vn khun chu lc c tin hnh khi b tng t 100% cng thit k (khong 24 ngy vi nhit 200C) .(Dm nhp 7 8m) Tho vn khun theo cc nguyn tc nh ni phn tho vn khun ct.

VIII. BIN PHP K THUT THI CNG:VIII. 1. Cng tc an ton lao ng: VIII.1.1 An ton trong s dng in thi cng: - Vic lp t v s dng cc thit b in v li in thi cng tun theo cc iu di y v theo tiu chun An ton in trong xy dng TCVN 4036 - 85. - Cng nhn in, cng nhn vn hnh thit b in u c tay ngh v c hc tp an ton v in, cng nhn ph trch in trn cng trng l ngi c kinh nghim qun l in thi cng. - in trn cng trng c chia lm 2 h thng ng lc v chiu sng ring, c cu dao tng v cc cu dao phn nhnh. - Trn cng trng c nim yt s li in; cng nhn in u nm vng s li in. Ch c cng nhn in - ngi c trc tip phn cng mi c sa cha, u, ngt ngun in. - Dy ti in ng lc bng cp bc cao su cch in, dy ti in chiu sng c bc PVC. Ch ni cp thc hin theo phng php hn ri bc cch in, ni dy bc PVC bng kp hoc xon m bo c bc cch in mi ni. - Thc hin ni t, ni khng cho phn v kim loi ca cc thit b in v cho dn gio khi ln cao. VIII.1.2_ An ton trong thi cng btng, ct thp, vn khun: 1. Dng lp, tho d dn gio - Khng c s dng dn gio: C bin dng, rn nt, mn g hoc thiu cc b phn: mc neo, ging .... - Khi h gia sn cng tc v tng cng trnh >0,05 m khi xy v 0,2 m khi trt. - Cc ct gin gio phi c t trn vt k n nh. - Cm xp ti ln gin gio, ni ngoi nhng v tr qui nh. - Khi dn gio cao hn 6m phi lm t nht 2 sn cng tc: Sn lm vic bn trn, sn bo v bn di. - Khi dn gio cao hn 12 m phi lm cu thang. dc ca cu thang < 60o - L hng sn cng tc ln xung phi c lan can bo v 3 pha. - Thng xuyn kim tra tt c cc b phn kt cu ca dn gio, gi , kp thi pht hin tnh trng h hng ca dn gio c bin php sa cha kp thi.

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- Khi tho d dn gio phi c ro ngn, bin cm ngi qua li. Cm tho d dn gio bng cch git . - Khng dng lp, tho d hoc lm vic trn dn gio v khi tri ma to, ging bo hoc gi cp 5 tr ln. 2. Cng tc gia cng, lp dng vn khun - Vn khun dng kt cu b tng phi c ch to v lp dng theo ng yu cu trong thit k thi cng c duyt. - Vn khun ghp thnh khi ln phi m bo vng chc khi cu lp v khi cu lp phi trnh va chm vo cc b kt cu lp trc. - Khng c trn vn khun nhng thit b vt liu khng c trong thit k, k c khng cho nhng ngi khng trc tip tham gia vo vic b tng ng trn vn khun. - Cm t v cht xp cc tm vn khun cc b phn ca vn khun ln chiu ngh cu thang, ln ban cng, cc li i st cnh l hng hoc cc mp ngoi ca cng trnh. Khi cha ging ko chng. - Trc khi b tng cn b k thut thi cng phi kim tra vn khun, nn c h hng phi sa cha ngay. Khu vc sa cha phi c ro ngn, bin bo. 3. Cng tc gia cng lp dng ct thp - Gia cng ct thp phi c tin hnh khu vc ring, xung quanh c ro chn v bin bo. - Ct, un, ko ct thp phi dng nhng thit b chuyn dng, phi c bin php ngn nga thp vng khi ct ct thp c on di hn hoc bng 0,3m. - Bn gia cng ct thp phi c c nh chc chn, nu bn gia cng ct thp c cng nhn lm vic hai gi th gia phi c li thp bo v cao t nht l 1,0 m. Ct thp lm xong phi ng ch quy nh. - Khi nn thng thp trn cun bng my phi che chn bo him trc cun trc khi m my, hm ng c khi a u ni thp vo trc cun. - Khi gia cng ct thp v lm sch r phi trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn cho cng nhn. - Khng dng ko tay khi ct cc thanh thp thnh cc mu ngn hn 30cm. - Trc khi chuyn nhng tm li khung ct thp n v tr lp t phi kim tra cc mi hn, nt buc. Khi ct b nhng phn thp tha trn cao cng nhn phi eo dy an ton, bn di phi c bin bo. Khi hn ct thp ch cn tun theo cht ch qui nh ca quy phm. - Buc ct thp phi dng dng c chuyn dng, cm buc bng tay cho php trong thit k. - Khi dng lp ct thp gn ng dy dn in phi ct in, trng hp khng ct c in phi c bin php ngn nga ct thp v chm vo dy in. 4. v m b tng - Trc khi b tng cn b k thut thi cng phi kim tra vic lp t vn khun, ct thp, dn gio, sn cng tc, ng vn chuyn. Ch c tin hnh sau khi c vn bn xc nhn. - Li qua li di khu vc ang b tng phi c ro ngn v bin cm. Trng hp bt buc c ngi qua li cn lm nhng tm che pha trn li qua li . - Cm ngi khng c nhim v ng sn rt va b tng.Cng nhn lm nhim v nh hng, iu chnh my, vi bm b tng phi c gng, ng.

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Lp 50XD9 27


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- Khi dng m rung m b tng cn: + Ni t vi v m rung + Dng dy buc cch in ni t bng phn phi n ng c in ca m + Lm sch m rung, lau kh v qun dy dn khi lm vic + Ngng m rung t 5-7 pht sau mi ln lm vic lin tc t 30-35 pht. + Cng nhn vn hnh my phi c trang b ng cao su cch in v cc phng tin bo v c nhn khc. 5. Tho d vn khun - Ch c tho d vn khun sau khi b tng t cng qui nh theo hng dn ca cn b k thut thi cng. - Khi tho d vn khun phi tho theo trnh t hp l phi c bin php phng vn khun ri, hoc kt cu cng trnh b sp bt ng. Ni tho vn khun phi c ro ngn v bin bo. - Trc khi tho vn khun phi thu gn ht cc vt liu tha v cc thit b t trn cc b phn cng trnh sp tho vn khun. - Khi tho vn khun phi thng xuyn quan st tnh trng cc b phn kt cu, nu c hin tng bin dng phi ngng tho v bo co cho cn b k thut thi cng bit. - Sau khi tho vn khun phi che chn cc l hng ca cng trnh khng c vn khun tho ln sn cng tc hoc nm vn khun t trn xung, vn khun sau khi tho phi c vo ni qui nh. - Tho d vn khun i vi nhng khoang b tng ct thp c khu ln phi thc hin y yu cu nu trong thit k v chng tm thi. VIII.1.3_ An ton trong cng tc lp dng: - Lp dng gio theo h s hng dn ca nh ch to v lp dng theo thit k thi cng c duyt. - gio c lp thanh ging, chn v cc ph kin khc, c neo gi vo kt cu c nh ca cng trnh, chng lt . - C h thng tip t , dn st cho h thng dn gio. - Khi c ma gi t cp 5 tr nn, ngng thi cng lp dng cng nh s dng gio . - Khng s dng gio c bin dng, nt v... khng p ng yu cu k thut. - Sn cng tc trn gio lp lan can chng ng. - Kim tra tnh trng gio trc khi s dng. - Khi thi cng lp dng, tho d gio, cn c mi che hay bin bo cm i li bn di. VIII.1.4_ An ton trong cng tc xy: - Trc khi thi cng tip cn kim tra k lng khi xy trc . - Chuyn vt liu ln cao >2m nht thit dng vn thng, khng tung nm. - Xy n cao 1,5m k t mt sn, cn lp dng gio ri mi xy tip. - Khng ta thang vo tng mi xy, khng ng trn vng thi cng. - Mch va lin kt gia khi xy vi khung btng chu lc cn chn, y k.

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9 28


n k thut thi cng

- Ngn nga tng bng cc bin php: Dng bt nilng che y v dng g vn t ngang m tng pha ngoi, chng t bn ngoi vo cho khi lng mi xy i vi tng trn mi, tng bao ngn ma. VIII.1.5_ An ton trong cng tc hn: - My hn c v kn c ni vi ngun in. - Dy ti in n my dng loi bc cao su mm khi ni dy th ni bng phng php hn ri bc cch in ch ni. on dy ti in ni t ngun n my khng di qu 15m. - Chui kim hn c lm bng vt liu cch in cch nhit tt. - Ch c th in mi c ni in t li in vo my hn hoc tho lp sa cha my hn. - C tm chn bng vt liu khng chy ngn x hn v kim loi bn ra xung quanh ni hn. - Th hn c trang b knh hn, giy cch in v cc phng tin c nhn khc. VIII.1.6_ An ton trong khi thi cng trn cao: - Ngi tham gia thi cng trn cao c giy chng nhn sc kho, c trang b dy an ton (c cht lng tt) v ti ngh. - Khi thi cng trn cao 1,5m so vi mt sn, cng nhn u c ng trn sn thao tc, thang gp... khng ng trn thang ta, khng ng v i li trc tip trn kt cu ang thi cng, sn thao tc phi c lan can trnh ng t trn cao xung. - Khu vc c thi cng trn cao u c t bin bo, ro chn hoc c mi che chng vt liu vng ri. - Khi chun b thi cng trn mi, nht thit phi lp xong h gio vy xung quanh cng trnh, h gio cao hn ct mi nh l 1 tng gio (bng 1,5m). Gin gio ni vi h thng tip a. VIII.1.7_ An ton cho my mc thit b: - Tt c cc loi xe my thit b c s dng v qun l theo TCVN 5308- 91. - Xe my thit b u m bo c h s k thut trong nu r cc thng s k thut, hng dn lp t, vn chuyn, bo qun, s dng v sa cha. C s theo di tnh trng, s giao ca. - Nim yt ti v tr thit b bng ni quy s dng thit b . Bng ni dung k to, r rng. - Ngi iu khin xe my thit b l ngi c o to, c chng ch ngh nghip, c kinh nghim chuyn mn v c sc kho. - Nhng xe my c dn in ng u c: + Bc cch in hoc che kn phn mang in. + Ni t bo v phn kim loi khng mang in ca xe my. - Kt cu ca xe my m bo: + C tn hiu khi my ch lm vic khng bnh thng. + Thit b di ng c trang b tn hiu thit b m thanh hoc nh sng. + C c cu iu khin loi tr kh nng t ng m hoc ngu nhin ng m.

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9 29


n k thut thi cng

VIII.1.8_ An ton cho khu vc xung quanh: - Khu vc cng trng c ro xung quanh, c quy nh ng i an ton v c bin bo an ton trn cng trng. - Trong trng hp cn thit c ngi hng dn giao thng. III.2_ Bin php an ninh bo v: - Ton b ti sn ca cng trnh c bo qun v bo v chu o. Cng tc an ninh bo v c c bit ch , chnh v vy trn cng trng duy tr k lut lao ng, ni quy v ch trch nhim ca tng ngi ch huy cng trng ti tng cn b cng nhn vin. C ch bn giao r rng, chnh xc trnh gy mt mt v thit hi vt t, thit b v ti sn ni chung. - Thng xuyn c i bo v trn cng trng 24/24, bui ti c in thp sng bo v cng trnh. III.3_ Bin php v sinh mi trng: - Trn cng trng thng xuyn thc hin v sinh cng nghip. ng i li li thng thong, ni tp kt v bo qun ngn np gn gng. ng i vo v tr lm vic thng xuyn c qut dn sch s c bit l vn v sinh mi trng v trong qu trnh xy dng cng trnh cc khu nh bn cnh vn lm vic bnh thng. - Cng ra vo ca xe ch vt t, vt liu phi b tr cu ra xe, h thng b lng lc t, bn trc khi thi nc ra h thng cng thnh ph. - C th b tr hn mt t i chuyn lm cng tc v sinh, thu dn mt bng thi cng. - Do c im cng trnh l nh cao tng li nm tip gip nhiu trc ng chnh v nhiu khu dn c nn phi c bin php chng bi cho ton nh bng cch dng gio ng, b tr li chng bi xung quanh b mt cng trnh - i vi khu v sinh cng trng c th k hp ng vi Cng ty mi trng th m bo v sinh chung trong cng trng. - Trong cng trnh cng lun c k hoch phun ti nc 2 n 3 ln / ngy (c th thay i tu theo iu kin thi tit) lm m mt ng trnh bi lan ra khu vc xung quanh. - Xung quanh cng trnh theo chiu cao c ph li ngn bi chng bi cho ngi v cng trnh. - Ti khu ln tri, qui hoch ch qun o, ch ngh tra, ch v sinh cng cng sch s, y , thc hin i v sinh ng ch. Rc thi thng xuyn c dn dp, khng bn ly, nc ng ni ng i li li, gch v ngn ngang v c ba bi trong vn phng. V bao, dng c hng... a v ng ni qui nh. - H thng thot nc thi cng trn cng trng c thot theo ng ng thot nc chung qua li chn rc vo cc ga sau dn ni vo ng ng thot nc bn ca thnh ph. Cui ca, cui ngy yu cu cng nhn dn dp v tr lm vic, lau chi, ra dng c lm vic v bo qun vt t, my mc. Khng dng xe my gy ting n hoc x khi lm nhim mi trng. Xe my ch vt liu ra vo cng trnh theo gi quy nh, i ng tuyn, thng xe c ph bt da chng bi, khng dng xe my c ting n ln lm vic trong gi hnh chnh. - Cui tun lm tng v sinh ton cng trng. ng chung ln cn cng trng c ti nc thng xuyn m bo sch s v chng bi.

Hong Thanh Bnh

MSSV 0488-50

Lp 50XD9 30

thuyet minh thi cong hoan thanh

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