do an hoan thanh

8/6/2019 Do an Hoan Thanh

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Tnh ton thit b x l hiu kh theo cng ngh SBR cho nc thi nh my bia cng sut 50triu lit /nm Trn Th Huyn My - Lp CNMT- K51_QN

GVHD: Hong Th Thu Hng


2/32

Tnh ton thit b x l hiu kh theo cng ngh SBR cho nc thi nh my bia vi cng sut50 triu lt bia Trn Th Huyn My Lp CNMT-K51_QN

M U

Mi trng sng chung quanh ta ang cn kit, tri t ang ku gi s bo

v ca ton th nhn loi v vy, ngoi vn bo v v s dng hp l ti

nguyn thin nhin th vic x l cc cht thi do con ngi to ra l rt cp

thit.

Cng vi nhip pht trin mnh m ca th gii v khu vc, nn cng

nghip ca Vit Nam cng ang pht trin khng ngng, kinh t pht trin,thu nhp tng cao, i sng ca ngi dn dn pht trin. Km theo nhng

thnh tu t c l vn nhim mi trng, vic cung cp nc

sch, vic thi b v x l nc b nhim trc khi vo ngun tip nhn

l vn bc xc ca ngi dn. Ngnh sn xut ru bia nc ta cng

khng ngoi l, vi c im l mt trong nhng ngnh c lng nc thi

ln v hm lng nhim cao nu khng c x l th s gy nhim nng

n cho ngun tip nhn v mi trng sng xung quanh. V vy, vic x lnc thi bia c quan tm gii quyt.

GVHD: Hong Th Thu Hng2


3/32


CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGHNH BIA

.1.Gii thiu s lc- Bia l mt trong cc ung lu i nht m loi ngi to ra, c nin

i t nht l t thin nin k 5 TCN

Bia ni mt cch tng th l mt loi ung cha cn c sn xut bng

qu trnh ln men ng l lng trong mi trng lng v n khng c

chng ct sau khi ln men. Dung dch ng khng b ln men thu c tqu trnh ngm nc gi l hm bia hay nc bia .

- Hin nay nhu cu bia trn th gii cng nh vit nam rt ln v n l

loi nc ung mt, b v c bit c tc dng lm gim nhanh cn kht

do dn n vic hnh thnh hng lot cc doanh nghip ,c s sn

xut bia vi 2 dng cng ngh v thit b ch yu trong qu trnh sn xut:

cng ngh thit b hin i v cng ngh thit b sn xut c in cng theo

s xut hin ca nhiu nh my sn xut bia th cc loi cht thi ra trong

qui trnh sn xut bia cng khng ngng tng ln gy nhim nng n i

vi mi trng v vy vic thit k cc h thng x l nc thi trong

nghnh sn xut bia l mt trong nhng vn tt yu khng th thiu cho

vic bo v mi trng cng vi cc hot ng thit thc i vi mi

trng s m bao s pht trin bn vng ca x hi loi ngi.

.2.Qui trnh sn xut ca nh my bia.

.2.1 Nguyn liu chnh.

Bia c sn xut t : Matl ( i mch ny mm ) ,go t, hoa houblon,

nc, nm men. Hin nay, nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia l matl i

mch v houblon u phi nhp ngoi ( 60%-70%).

.2.2 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bia

http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_5_TCN&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_5_TCN&action=edit&redlink=1


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1. Chun b nguyn liu



5/32



Chun b nguyn liu

Nu ng ha

Lc dch ng

Lc, tch b

Nu hoa Houblon

Ln men chnh, ph

Lc trong bia

Chit bia

Bo ha CO2

ng np

Thanh trng

Lm lnh

Kim tra-dn nhn-nhp kho Sn phm

Malt GoNc mm

Ra chai

Hi Xt

chai

Hi nc

Cht tr lc

Ra menging

Phc himen

Hi nc

Hoa houblon

Hi nc

Ph gia

B malt

B hoa+ malt

B men

Sc kh

B lc

Bia hi

L hi

Men ging

Nn CO2

Hnh 1: Cng ngh sn xut bia cng theo dng thi. Nc thi

5


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Nguyn liu c chuyn vo kho bo qun ca nh my theo s lng m

nu mi ca v tp kt ti phn xng nu. Malt v go c xay nghin nh

n kch thc tiu chun.

Thit b dng nghin malt l my nghin trc hoc nghin ba.

2.Nu .

L qu trnh ph v cc mng tinh bt, thc hin qu trnh thy phn vi

iu kin p = 2-3atm ,t0 = 110 -1300C

3.ng ha .

Chuyn tinh bt v ng ( gng nh trong sn xut ru, cho enzim chuyn ha tinh bt. Trong sn xut bia ,khng cn cho enzim v trong malt

c sn enzim ) iu kin: t0 = 600C, t = 30pht ( 1 m).

4. Lc dch ng, nu hoa, lng cn, lm lnh.

Dch ng c b sung hoa houblon v nng nhit ln 1000C. B lc

c ra bng nc nng nhit 75- 800C. Sau nu hoa, dch ng

c bm sang thng xoy lc tch b hoa v cn lng. Sau c lmlnh nhanh h nhit xung 8-100C v c b sung oxy vi lng 30

35 ml kh /lit dch ( to iu kin thun li cho nm men pht trin ) ri

chuyn vo thit b len men.

5. Qu trnh ln men .

y l qu trnh quan trng nht trong cng ngh sn xut bia, thc cht

y l qu trnh ln men ru :

C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2

iu kin ln men :+ nhit thp :5-100C

+ Thi gian di: 2 ngy (bia ngn ngy) 60 ngy, thi gian ln men

cng di, cht lng bia cng cao.

C hai phng php ln men : ln men ni ( 10-14 0C) v ln men chm ( 5-

100

C):


men


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ln men chnh: Thng 1 2 ngy, nhit duy tr trong giai on ln men

chnh t 8 100C. khi ln men, nhit ca dch ng trong thng tng

ln cho php ln n 14-160C vi p sut khng ch mc 1,3-1,5bar.

giai on ny, tn thu men chnh c cht lng tt cp men ging.

Ln men ph (tng tr): nhit 5 -100C, thi gian:20 50 ngy trong

thng, s ngy tng tr cng ln, cht lng bia cng tt. Chuyn ha c

trit ng thnh ru. Hai giai on c th tin hnh 1 hoc 2 thit b.

6. Lc bia.

Mc ch ca qu trnh lc bia l tch cc ht cn, tp cht cn st li trong

bia, lm tng trong ca bia v lm tng thi gian bo qun.Thit b lc

c th l lc khung bn vi cht tr lc l diatomit.

7.Bo ha CO2 v chit bia .

T thng cha bia trong, bia c th c bo ha thm CO2 vi lng nht

nh ( c tc dung gii kht ) ri a i chit chai, chit bom hoc ng lon

Bao b c ra ,sau chit, ng np, thanh trng, kim tra, dn nhn,

ng kt v xut xng.

.3. Cc dng cht thi trong sn xut bia.1. Kh thi .

- CO2 t cc thng ln men kh sch ( l CO2 thc phm ) thu hi

- Cc cht kh v bi nhim pht sinh ch yu do t nhin liu than ,du

l hi gm - - SO2, NOx, CO2, CO, bi than x l bng xyclonbi sau hp ph .

- Bi t khu xay, nghin nguyn liu c th khc phc bng cch s dng

phng php xay t, lc bng ti vi hoc bao che kn h thng nghin v

ti liu.

- Ngoi ra cc kh NH3, Freon ..c th sinh ra khi h thng my lnh b r r

Nng (mg/m3)



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Cht nhim

Ni hi than Ni hi du

Bi, khi 420 - 620 10.9 11.4

SO2 210.8 647.4 925 2078

NOx 225 - 305 148 242

CO 12 22.1

2.cht thi rn.

Cht nhim n v Lng

B hm kg 21-27

Nm men kg 3 -4

V chai v Chai 0.9

Bn hot tnh kg 0.3 0.4

Nhn, giy kg 1.5

Bt tr lc kg 0.2 0.5

- X than ( l hi): sn xut vt liu xy dng, lm ng, xy dng.

- B bia, b men : lm thc n gia sc di dng sinh khi.

Nu men bia cht lng tt (cha vitamin v m rt nhiu ): s dng 30%

lm men ging cn li lm thc n gia sc

- B lc bia: ch yu cha cht tr lc phn bn, chn lp .

- Chon, lon hng, v ng , hp giy tn thu, ti ch.

3. Nc thi:


Bng 1: Nng cc cht nhim t ni hi [8]

Bng 2 : Lng cht thi rn pht sinh khi sn xut 1 lit bia[8]


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L dng cht thi ch yu gy nhim chnh trong sn xut bia.

Nc lm mt : cho my lnh, lm lnh dch bia

Nc ngng t trong nu bia

Dung dch ty ra : xt, axit hu c c tc dung ty .

Nc ra cc thng ln men, chai nh CIP

Nc v sinh thit b, nh xng: y l lng ln nht .

Nc thi l ngun thi ng luu trong nghnh sn xut bia. Cng ngh

sn xut bia s dng mt lng nc ln v thi ra mt lng nuc thi

ng k. Lng nc thi thi ra gp 10 -20 ln lng bia thnh phm.

CHNG 2: LA CHN CNG NGH X L NC THI

.1 c trng ca nc thi nh my bia.

1.1 Cc ngun pht sinh v c tnh ca nc thi

- Trong sn xut bia, nc thi l dng cht thi ch yu gy nhim trong

sn xut v c phn thnh ba loi:- Nc thi coi nh sch: Nc lm lnh, nc ngng, y l ngun nc

thi t hoc gn nh khng gy nhim nn c kh nng tun hon s dng

li.

- Nc thi t cng on sn xut: l nc thi c nhim hu c cao

do c trng nguyn liu u vo ch yu l go v malt. Hu nh tt c

cc cng on sn xut u sinh nc thi.

- Nc t cng on ra t b phn nu ng ha, ch yu l nc v

sinh thng nu, b cha, bn ln men c cha nhiu cn malt, tinh bt,

b hoa v cc hp cht hu c carbonat do vy c hm lng nhim hu

c cao.

- Cng on chit chai dch bia rt trong qu trnh chit.



10/32


- Nc ra chai l mt trong nhng dng thi c hm lng nhim ln

trong sn xut bia. Ngoi ra, nc thi t qu trnh ra chai c pH cao.

- Nc sinh hot: nc do cng nhn s dng v thi ra.- Nc chy trn trn b mt: lng nc ny ch yu l nc ma, c lu

lng ln vo ma ma, cn vo ma kh th khng ng k.c trng ca

nc thi ny l cun theo cc cht ri vi trn b mt nh my. Nhn

chung ham lng nhim cc cht h c ha tan l nh.

- Lng nc thi ln khong 7-10 m3/1000 l bia thnh phm

Thng s n v Mc hin ti Vit Nam

pH

BOD5

COD

SS

Tng NTng P

NH4+

mg/l

mg/l

mg/l

mg/lmg/l

mg/l

6-9

900-1400

1700-2200

500-600

3022-25

13-16

.1.2. Phng n gim thiu lng nc thi

Ti s dng nc thi- Nc lm mt cho my lnh, lm lnh dch bia c th gii nhit, tun

hon.

- Nc ngng t trong nu bia c th thu hi cp li cho ni hi(do nc

ngng cn nhit cao. y l nc mm, khng cha ion Ca2+, Mg2+

ng cn thnh thit b ).


Bng 3: Cc thng s c trng ca nc thi bia [8]


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Nc ra cc thng ln men x l bng phng php lc, b xung thm

ha cht ti s dng

Phn lung dng thi- Dng 1 : Nc lm lanh trong cc thit b, thp gii nhit ca h thng

lnh, nc ngng cc ni nu y l ngun nc quy c sch

- Dng 2 : Nc thi sinh hot, c quy thnh nc thi xm v nc thi

en. Trong nc thi xm l nc thi pht sinh t cc hot ng nu

n, tm ra, git gi. Nc thi en l nc thi sinh ra trong vic x bn

cu ti cc khu v sinh. Nc thi en bt but x l trc khi x vo h

thng x l nc thi chung.

- Dng 3 : Nc thi sn xut l dng thi ln t cc cng on sn xut.

Dng thi ny c hm lng nhim hu c cao nn cn phi x l trit

.

p dng sn xut sch hn

- Gim thiu lng nc s dng: tuyn truyn, hun luyn cho cng nhnv cch s dng nc tit kim v li ch ca vic tit kim nc.S dng

ng mc lng nc ra thit b, nh xng, nc v sinh

- Thay i cc cng ngh c bng cc cng ngh mi t gy nhim hn

+ Trnh vic nc r r thit b ra ngoi

+ Ti s dng, ti ch cc ngun nc thch hp

.2 La chn dy chuyn x l nc thi cho nh my.- Khi chn mt cng ngh x l nc thi phi cn c vo cc yu cu sau:

Lu lng, thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc thi.

Din tch mt bng hin c, cng nh cc iu kin m nh my c th

chp nhn c.

Tiu chun u ra ca nc thi.



12/32


c tnh ca ngun tip nhn.

Kinh ph u t ban u v chi ph vn hnh.

m bo kh nng x l khi nh my m rng sn xut.

Da vo c trng ca dng thi v tiu chun u ra ca nh my bia cng

sut 5 triu lit bia / nm.

Ta thy BOD5/COD =0,72 nm trong khong 0,5 0,75 chng t hm lng

cht hu c trong dng thi kh cao nn x l t hiu qu cao tt nht ta

dng bin php x l sinh hc, v ta cng bit nc thi trong sn xut bia cha

ch yu cc cht hu c dng ha tan v dng l lng nh: hidratcacbon,protein, cc axit hu c.

Phng php x l nc thi gm c:

+ X l sinh hc hiu kh

+ X l sinh hc ym kh

Thuyt minh.


Thng s Nc thi

u vo

Nc thi sau x l(QCVN 24-

2009)ct B

Q ( m3/ngy.m) 2000 2000

COD(mg/l) 2500 100

BOD(mg/l) 1800 50

SS(mg/l) 500 100

N (mg/l) 50 30

P (mg/l) 8 6

12

Bng 4: Cc thng s u vo v tiu chun dng ra ca nc thi nh my


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1.song chn rc th.

Nuc thi sn xut t cc phn xng sn xut v nc ra chai ,theo

ng mng dn chy v khu x l. Phn nc xt ra chai s c thit t vo h thng , khng lm cho pH nc thi tng. Nc thi trc khi

i vo b thu gom, phn rc th c kch thc ln nh gi, rc, bao nilon,

v cc vt thi khc c gi li song chn rc th, bo v cc thit b

x l nh bm, ng ng, mng dn v rc thi c cng nhn gom

vo thng cha v mang i ni qui nh ca nh my.

2.B gom.

L ni tip nhn ngun nc thi trc khi i vo cc cng trnh x l tip

theo. B gom thng c lm bng btng, xy bng gch, n c tc dng

iu ha lu lng nc thi.

3.Song chn rc tinh.

gi li cc cht l lng c kch thc nh. Thit b tch rc tinh c hnh

dng trng quay c kch thc khe chn 1mm. Ti y, ton b ton rc c

kch thc > 1mm s c gi li trn b mt trng v c dao gt rangoi nh cc mu tru, huyn ph

4.B iu ha.

c dng duy tr lu lng dng thi vo gn nh khng i ngoi ra

cn iu chnh pH n gi tr thch hp cho qu trnh x l sinh hc.

Trong b c h thng thit b khuy trn m bo ha tan v san u

nng cc cht bn trong ton th tch b v khng cho cn lng trong b,pha long nng cc cht c nu c. Ti b iu ha nc c iu

chnh pH v gi tr thch hp t 6,6 7,6 nh b pH - controller.



14/32



Song chn rc th

H gom

Song chn rc tinh

B iu ha

B lng s cp

UASB

SBR

B kh trng

B cha bn

Nc thi trong sn xutNc xt ra

chai

Ha cht My p bn

Nc x l, ra mi trng bn ngoi

Thu kh sinh hc

Rc thi

Sc kh

Sc kh

Tch nc d

ng bao bn kh

Dinh dng

Hnh 2 : s h thng x l nc thi nh my bia.

14


15/32


5.B lng s cp.

Nc thi t b iu ha bm ln b lng. Ti y, hm lng cht rn l

lng SS, BOD, COD gim xung nhm gim ti v m bo cc thng su vo cho cc cng trnh tip theo.

Nc thi sau khi i qua b lng c bm sang b UASB. Bn y b

c bm qua b cha bn.

C th phn chia b lng thnh 4 vng :

Hnh 3: S mt ng th hin 4 vng trong b lng

6.UASB.

Hiu sut x l cao i vi nc thi c ti trng nhim cao (75-85%)[1].

Kt cu v vn hnh n gin, nng lng cn thit cho h thng thp

(dng thi vo thit b phun t di ln cng vi s to thnh kh trong qu

trnh vn hnh cho nn khuy trn tt khng cn tn nng lng cho khuy

trn na). Mc khc to sn phm kh sinh hc CH4 (65-70%), y l ngun

nng lng sch nn c th dng cho sinh hot.

Ti b UASB din ra qu trnh phn hy cc cht hu c c trong nc m

khng cn c oxy. Nc thi c a trc tip vo pha di y b v

c phn phi ng u , sau chy ngc ln xuyn qua lp bn

sinh hc dng ht nh v cc cht hu c, v c c tiu th y.

Cu to:


Vng cha v c c cn

Vng lng cc htcn

15

Vngthun

cra

Vn

gphnp

hincv

o


16/32


1.vng phn ng k kh

2.vng lng cn

3.ca dn hn hp bn nc sau khi tch kh

4.ca tun hon cn lng

5.mng thu nc

6.ng nc dn sang b aroten

7.kh sn phm thu c

8.ng dn hn hp kh7.SBR.

B SBR l mt cng trnh x l sinh hc nc thi bng bn hot tnh,

trong tun t din ra cc qu trnh thi kh, lng bn v gn nc thi.

Cc cht hu c b oxy ha trong giai on thi kh. Ngoi ra, h thng

aeroten hot ng gin on c th kh c nito v photpho sinh ha do



17/32


c th iu chnh c cc qu trnh hiu kh, thiu kh v k kh trong b

bng vic thay i ch cung cp oxy.

C ch ca qu trnh:- Oxy ha cc hp cht hu c khng cha nit (gluxit, hydrocacbua, axit

hu c. ....)

CXHYOZ + ( x +4

y-2

z)O2 xCO2 +

2

yH2O + E

- Oxy ha cc hp cht hu c cha nit (protein, axitamin....).

CxHyOzN +(x + 4y - 2z + 43 )O2 xCO2 + 2 4

y H2O + NH3 + E

- Qu trnh oxy ha cc hp cht hu c tng hp sinh khi.

CxHyOz + NH3 + (x +4

y-2

z-5)O2 C5H7NO2 +(x-5)CO2 +

2

4yH2O + E

- Qu trnh t hy ca sinh khi.

C5H7NO2 + 5O2 5CO2 + 2H2O + NH3 + E

- Ngoi ra trong h thng cn xy ra cc qu trnh nitrit v nitrat ha.

+ Nitrit ha: NH4+ + 3/2O2 + H2O NO2- + 2H3O+ + E

+ Nitrat ha : NO2- + 1/2O2 NO3-

Phng trnh tng qut: NH4+ + 2O2 + H2O NO3- +

2H3O+

- Oxy ha cc hp cht v c:

S SO42- ; P PO43- ; Fe+2 Fe+3

Nguyn l hot ng ca b SBR.


vsv

vsv

vsv

vsv

vsv

vsv


18/32


Nc thi vo

B aeroten hot ng theo m k tip x l nc thi c thc hin theo 5

giai on k tip nhau:

- Giai on 1: a nc thi vo b. Nc thi qua b UASB t chy

hoc bm vo b n mc nh trc bng rle phao, rle phao pht tn hiu

t ng ng van hoc bm cp nc vo.

- Giai an 2: To phn ng sinh ha gia nc thi v bn hot tnh bng sc

kh hay lm thong b mt cp oxy vo nc v khuy trn u hn hp.

Thi gian lm thong ph thuc vo cht lng nc thi, yu cu v mc

x l. vi sinh vt hot ng tt, lng oxy ha tan trong nc b sinh hc

t nht phi t 2 4(mg/l). Ty theo nhit ca mi trng m lng oxy

trong nc c khc nhau. Lng oxy c cung cp y l ngun oxy khng

kh thng qua thit b cp kh y b

- Giai on 3: Lng trong nc: qu trnh din ra trong mi trng tnh, hiu


2...

3.

4.

5.

Lm y nc thi

Hnh 5: S lm vic ca b aeroten hot ng theo m.

X nc thi1.

X bn d

Sc kh

Nc trongLng


19/32


qu thy lc ca b t 100%. Thi gian lng trong v c dc bn thng kt

thc sm hn 2h.

- Giai on 4: Tho nc c lng trong phn trn ca b ra nguntip nhn, phn nc trong s c gn ra nh thit b gn nc b mt Decanter

sau c i vo b kh trng. Phn bn lng s tham gia vo chu tnh x l mi,

lng bn d s c bm qua b nn bn.

- Giai on 5: Ch i np m mi

Hiu qu x l b SBR ph thuc vo cc yu t sau: Thnh phn cc cht c

trong nc thi, pH, hm lng oxy, lng bn, v trng thi hot tnh ca

bn..(Qu trnh ny c th vn hnh bng tay)

8. B kh trng.

Nhm mc ch tiu dit cc loi vi sinh vt gy bnh cha c hoc khng

th tiu dit trong qu trnh x l nc thi. Trong nc thi ca bia c rt

nhiu loi nm v vi sinh vt.

tiu dit hon ton cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, ta c th kh trng bng cc

phng php khc nhau nh: Clo ha, ozon ha, tia cc tm UV Thng

thng, phng php clo ha c s dng rng ri hn. Qu trnh cung cp

clo c thc hin nh hai bm nh lng (1 d phng) v 1 mixer ha trn.

Bm nh lng hypoclorit c iu khin bng tn hiu ca thit b decanter

ly nc ra t b SBR.

9.B cha bn.

Lng bn d t x l hiu kh, ki kh v b lng bc 1 c bm vo b chabn. Khi bn s c tch lm hai phn bn: phn bn c lng xung y

v a vo thit b tch bn cn phn nc trong pha trn c bm vo h

gom.

10.Thit b p bn.

Vic x l cn, bn trong x l sinh hc l ht sc cn thit. Nu x l khng

tt s ln men ym kh sinh mi hi thi, gy nhim mi trng xung



20/32


quanh. trnh tnh trng ny, lng bn d s c lm kh bng thit b p

bn.

Bn t cc b c bm chuyn dng loi trc vt bm vo ngn ha trn cuathit b p bn. Ti y c b sung lng ha cht polymer bng h thng bm

nh lng. Bn ha trn vi ha cht keo t c nh lng bng bm nh

lng, sau bn c bm ln li lc. Qu trnh lm kh bn c thc

hin ti y. Phn bn kh c gi li trn li v c dao gt ra ngoi,

phn nc trong chy xung mng v c a v h gom.

Cc thng s u vo v u ra ca nc thi khi i qua cc thit b x l:

Cc thit b Q(m3/ngy) COD(mg/l) BOD

(mg/l

SS

(mg/l)

pH N P

u vo 2000 2500 1800 500 6 - 9 50 8

Song chn rc th 2000 2500 1800 500 6 - 9 50 8

H gom 2000 2500 1800 500 6 - 9 50 8

Song chn rc tinh 2000 2325 1710 450 6 -9 50 8

B iu ha 2000 2325 1710 450 6 - 9 50 8

B lng s cp 2000 1628 1248 234 6 -9 50 8

X l sinh hc k kh 2000 488 312 140 6 -9 50 8

X l sinh hc hiu kh 2000 70 45 25 5,5 -9 30 6

Tiu chun 24:2009 2000 100 50 100 5,5 - 9 30 6



21/32

CHNG 3:TNH TON THIT K H THNG HIU KH TRONG X

L NC THI

III.1 Tnh ton b SBR trong h thng x l nc thi1. Cng trnh SBR hot ng gin on, c chu k. Cc qu trnh trn nc thi

vi bn, lng bn cn din ra gn ging vi iu kin l tng nn hiu qu x l

nc thi cao. BOD ca nc thi sau x l thng thp hn 50mg/l, hm lng cn l

lng t 10 45mg/l v N NH3 t 0,3 12 mg/l. B aeroten hot ng gin on theo

m. Lm vic khng cn b lng bc 2.[3trang224]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ch thch:

1. ng dn nc vo. 6. ng ht cn

2. ng thu nc ra. 7. Lan can

3. Decanter.

4. My khuy trn b mt.

5. Thanh gt bn.

.1.1 Cc ch tiu thit k.1.Thi gian tch nc vo b 3 gi, thi gian sc kh 5 gi, thi gian lng

tnh 1,5 gi, thi gian x nc trong 2 gi, ch np m mi 0,5 gi. Tng thi


19

Hnh 6: B SBR


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gian ca mt chu k T = 12h.

2.T l F/M = 0,1 0,2 kgBOD5/kg bn.ngy [2] chn F/M = 0,1

3. H s ng hc Y = 0,65(g/g), h s phn hy ni bo Kd = 0,05(ngy

-1

)4. tro ca cn Z = 0,3 hay cn bay hi bng 0,7 cn l lng [5]

5. T trng ca cn: 1,02

6. Chn 45% th tch b cha nc trong tho i mi ngy.

7. Nng cn c c c trong phn cha bn pha di b = 10000(mg/l)

(trong 0,710000 = 7000 (mg/l) l bn hot tnh) [2]

8. X cn sau mi chu k.

9. Chiu su cng tc ca b H = 3 6(m) [5], chn H = 6(m), tng d tr

0,3(m), l ng phn phi kh t trn y 0,3 (m).

10. BOD5 = 0,68 BOD21 [2]

11.BOD21 trong t bo bng 1,42 nng t bo cht.

12. Hm lng BOD5 u ra 45(mg/l) ( loi B), cn l lng 25mg/l, trong

65% l cn hu c BOD21.[6]

13. Hm lng cc cht bay hi trong cn l lng chim 75% [2]

14.Da vo t s BOD5:N:P = 100:5:1 v thnh phn ca nc thi (BOD5 =

312(mg/l), N = 50(ng/l), P = 8(mg/l) tng ng vi ch s BOD5:N:P =

100:16:2,6), c th kt lun cht dinh dng a lng cho vi sinh vt pht

trin.

.2.1 Tnh ton b SBR.1. S lng b v chu k phn on thi gian lm vic

Trong nh my thit k 4 b lm vic song song nhau chu k phn on thi gian

lm vic ca tng b nh nhau.

Ghi ch:


20


23/32

3h : l thi gian lm y nc.

5h : l thi gian sc kh.

1,5h : l thi gian lng tnh.2h : l thi gian x nc.

0,5h : l thi gian ch np m mi.

2. Xc nh hiu sut x l ca b theo BOD5:

5BODE = %86100.

312

45312=

3. Xc nh nng BOD5 ha tan trong nc x l.

BOD5 u ra = BOD5 ha tan + BOD5 cha trong cn l lng.

BOD5 ha tan = BOD5 u ra BOD5 cha trong cn l lng.

BOD5 cha trong 25(mg/l) cn l lng u ra:

Cn hu c: 0,65 25 = 16,25 (mg/l) = BOD21.

BOD21 b oxy ha thnh cn: 1,42 16,25 = 23,07 (mg/l).

Lng BOD5 trong cn l lng: 0,68 23,07 = 15,69 (mg/l).

Lng BOD5 ha tan khi ra khi b: 45 15,69 = 29,31 (mg/l).

4. Tnh th tch cn thit ca 4 b SBR.

Th tch phn cha nc ca 4 b SBR:


21

3h 5h 1.5h 2h 0.5h

3h 5h 1,5h 2h 0.5h

3h 5h1,5h 2h 0.5h

3h 5h 1,5h 2h 0.5h

12h chu trnh lp li


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V = hngym

12.24

/20003

= 1000 (m3) [2]

Th tch phn nc chim 45% dung tch b SBR nn th tch tng cng

ca 4 b:

V = =45,0

10002222(m3)

Th tch 1 b: 2222 : 4 = 556 (m3)

Chiu cao cha nc v cha cn ca b: H = 6(m)

Din tch 1 b SBR:

F = )(936

556 2m=

Chn b hnh ch nht c cnh: a b = 11,5 8(m)

5. Xc nh nng bn hot tnh cn thit duy tr trong b:

p dng cng thc:

V = )/(. 0MFX

SQ X = )/(0

MFVQS [2]

Trong : V: th tch tng bn b SBR

Q: lu lng nc thi

S0: nng BOD5 u vo

X: nng bn hot tnh

F/M = 0,1 (kgBOD5/kg bn.ngy)

5.1 Nng bn hot tnh cn duy tr trong b:

X = )/(28081,0.2222

312.2000lmg=

Nng bn cn thc trong b:

Hm lng cht hu c bay hi trong cn l lng:


22


25/32

140 75% = 105(mg/l) [2]

Nng bn cn thc:

X1 = cn v c + bn/0,7 = (312- 105) + 2808/0,7 = 4218(mg/l)Khi lng bn hot tnh cn c trong b:

Gbn = 2222 280810-3 = 6239(kg)

Khi lng bn cn thc trong b:

Gcn = 2222 421810-3 =9372 (kg)

6. Tnh th tch bn chon ch sau mt chu k lm vic.

G1 = G0 + 17,0

SSPX

+ [2]

Trong : G0: lng bn cn duy tr trong b sau mi ln x: G0 =9372(kg)

Px: lng bn sinh ra sau mi chu k

SS: lng cn hu c i vo b mi chu k

Lng bn hu c i vo b:SS1 = (312 105) 2000 10-3 = 414(kg) [2]

Lng bn sinh ra sau mi chu k.

Px = Y(S0 S)Q kd G0 [2]

Trong : S0: nng BOD5 u vo

S: nng BOD5 ha tan u ra

Kd: h s phn hy ni bo Kd = 0,05(ngy-1)

Y: h s ng hc Y = 0,65(g/g)

Px = 0,65(312 29,31) 200010-3 0,056239 = 55,55(kg)

Tng bn cn trong b sau mt chu k.

G1 = 9372 + 55,55/0,7 + 414= 9865 (kg)


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7. Th tch bn chon ch khi c c n 10000(mg/l) hay 10 (kg) v t trng ca

bn la 1,02.

Vbn =)(16,967

10.02,1

9865 3m=

Chiu cao bn trong b.

hbn = )(6,293.4

16,967m

F

Vb==

8. Chiu cao phn nc trong lng trn lp bn

hn = 6 2,6 = 3,4(m)

Chiu cao phn nc trong pha trn bn theo tnh ton hay la su rt

nc ra:

h = 0,45 6 = 2,7(m)

Phn nc trong d tr di ng khoan l thu nc khi ko cn ra.

hd tr = 3,4 2,7 = 0,7 (m)

9. Tnh lng oxy cn thit kh BOD5

OC0 = )/(1000

)(.57,442,1

10).(2

0

3

0 ngykgONNQ

Pf

SSQx

+

Trong : f: h s chuyn i t BOD5 sang BOD21,

f = 0,68

Px: lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong ngy

OC0=1000

20.2000.57,455,55.42,1

68,0

10).31,29312(20003

+

=

= 935,36(kgO2/ngy)

10. Lng oxy cn thit trong iu kin thc 200c

OC = OC0 CC

C

S

S

[2]


24


27/32

Trong : Cs: nng oxy bo ha: Cs = 9,02(mg/l)

C: nng oxy duy tr trong b khi lm thong

C = 2(mg/l)

OC = 935,36. )/(84,1201202,9

02,9ngykg=

11. Tnh lng khng kh cn cp

Dng h thng phn phi kh c bt kh kch thc trung bnh vi = 0,7, nng

sut ha tan oxy ca thit b OU = 7gO2/m3 khng kh cp vo ngp 1m.

Lng khng kh cn thit:

Qkk = )/(301217,5.71000.84,1201

.

3 ngymhOu

OC== [2]

( v l phn phi kh t trn y 0,3(m) nn h = 6-0,3 = 5,7m)

12. Cu to dn ng phn phi kh.

Trong mi b t 2 dn ng xng c, cch nhau 8/2 = 4(m) v cch thnh b: 4/2

= 2(m). Dn ng xng c gm ng chnh v cc ng nhnh di 0,8m t vunggc vi ng chnh cch nhau 0,3(m). y ng khoan l D5, cch nhau 10cm thnh

mt hng dc. [2]

S l trn mt ng nhnh: n l = 0,8/0,1 = 8 l

S ng nhnh trong mt dn ng: nng = 11,5/0,3 = 38 ng

S l trn mt dn ng nl = 838 = 304 l

Din tch mt l D5: fl = 19,62510-6 m2 [2]

Tng din tch l trn mt dn ng:

fl = 30419,625.10-6 = 5,966.10-3(m3)

Lu lng khng kh trn 2 dn ng :

Qk = )/(35,03600.24

30121 3sm=

Vn tc kh qua l:


25


28/32

Vk = )/(3,78.10.966,5

/35,023

3

smdnm

sm=

13. Tnh ton ng ng dn kh.

ng dn kh chnh t my nn kh (s dng 4 my nn kh)

ng knh ng dn kh t my nn kh:

D = w

qk

.785,0 [7]

Trong : qk: lu lng kh trong ng dn

qk = 0,35/4 = 0,087(m3/s)

w: tc trung bnh ca kh quyn chuyn ng

trong ng dn, w = 15 25(m/s).Chn w = 15(m/s).

D = )(86)(086,015.785,0 087,0 mmm==

Vy dn kh ta chn ng dn kh bng ng thp khng g c ng knh

D = 86(mm).

ng dn chnh trong dn sng c.

Lu lng khng kh trong ng dn chnh ca mi dn xng c l:


26

11,5

2

4

Cp kh

ng nhnh ng chnh


29/32

q1 = )/(043,02

087,0

2

3sm

qk

==

ng knh ng dn chnh ca mi dn xng c:

D1 = )(60)(06,015.785,0

043,0

.785,0 1

1 mmmw

q===

w1: vn tc kh i trong ng dn, ta chn w1 = 15(m/s)[2]

kim tra li vn tc kh i trong mi dn:

w1 = )/(15

)06,0.(785,0

043,0

.785,0

2

1

2

1 sm

D

q==

ng nhnh trong dn xng c:

Mi dn xng c chia 38 ng nhnh. Lu lng qua mi ng nhnh l:

q2 = )/(10.13,138

043,0

38

331 smq

==

ng knh ca mi ng nhnh l: D= )(1015.785,0

10.13,1

.785,0

3

2

2 mm

w

q=

( vn tc kh i trong ng dn thng t 15 20(m/s)

chn w2 = 15 (m/s) ) [7]

Chn ng dn kh c ng knh l D2 = 10 (mm).

Kim tra li vn tc kh trong mi kh ng nhnh:

w2 = 23

22

2

)01,0.(785,010.13,12

.785,0

=

Dq 15(m/s)

STT Thng s thit k K hiu n v Gi tr1 Hiu qu x l BOD5 EBOD5 % 862 Th tch b V m3 22223 Kch thc b

S n nguyn ci 4Chiu di a m 11,5

Chiu rng a m 8


27


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Chiu cao cng tc H m 64 Nng bn hot tnh X (mg/l) 28085 Lng oxy cn cung cp OCt Kg/ngy 1201,846 Lng khng kh cn thit Q m3/ngy 30120

IV. c tnh chi ph xy dng.

Chi ph cho b SBR bao gm:

- Tin mua cc thit b:

Decanter (4 ci)

My nn kh (2 my)

Bm bn ( 4 ci)

- Chi ph xy dng b SBR( b c lm bng BTCT) vi V = 2222(m3).

- Chi ph vn hnh b.

c on chi ph cho SBR 4 t

KT LUNNghnh cng nghip sn xut bia l mt nghnh ang pht trin mnh Vit

Nam, cng vi s pht trin n s gp phn ci thin b mt kinh t x hi

trong khu vc v tng ngun ngn sch cho quc gia. Tuy vy s pht trin y

khng trnh khi vic to ra cho mi trng mt sc p v cc cht thi do chnh

n gy ra c bit v nc thi. nh mc tiu hao nc hu ht cc c s l kh

cao, trong s ny ch c khong 30% lng nc sn xut c tun hon tr li,

cn li lng nc nhim c thi ra ngoi mi trng. Nc thi bia cha

mt lng ln cc cht l lng, COD, BOD. V vy cn phi p dng cc k thut

gim thiu v x l trc khi x ra ngoi ngun tip nhn.

i vi cc nh my bia ni chung thng p dng cng ngh x l nc thi

bng phng php sinh hc: ym kh kt hp vi hiu kh.Kt qu cho thy:

- V mt k thut: y l mt h thng x l t hiu qu cao, sau khi qua b hiu

kh hiu sut x l t c khong 92%, nc thi trc khi thi vo ngun tip


28

Bng 4: Tng hp cc thng s thit k b SBR


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nhn c kh trng nhm tiu dit cc vi khun c kh nng gy bnh, h

thng vn hnh n gin. Nc thi u ra t c tiu chun v mt mi

trng( QCVN 24:2009)

- V mt kinh t: em li nhiu li ch cho nh my, cng ty.

Mt ln na chng em xin chn thnh cm n c TS. Hong Th Thu Hng

tn tnh gip chng em trong sut qu trnh thc hin n ny.

Cc ti liu tham kho:

1. Lng c Phm (2007), Cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc,

NXB gio dc, H Ni.

2. Trnh Xun Lai (2000), Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi, NXB

xy dng, H Ni.

3. Trn c H (2006), X l nc thi th, NXB khoa hc v k thut, H

Ni.

4. Trn vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga (2006), Gio trnh cng ngh X l nc thi,

NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni.

5. Lm Minh Trit, Nguyn Thanh Hng, Nguyn Phc Dn (2004), x l nc

thi th v cng nghip, tnh ton thit k cng trnh, NXB i Hc Quc Gia

TP H Ch Minh, TP H Ch Minh.


29


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6. Trn c H, Nguyn Vn Tn (2002), X l nc thi cc nh my bia theo

m hnh lc ngc k kh Aeroten hot ng gin on , hi ngh khoa hc

cng ngh i Hc Xy Dng ln th 14, trang 85 - 93.

7. Nguyn Bin, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn xoa v nhiu tc gi khc (2006),

s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht, NXB khoa hc k thut, H Ni.

8. Trung tm sn xut sch hn, Ti liu hng dn sn xut sch hn trong

nghnh sn xut bia. Vin khoa hc v cng ngh mi trng, Trng HBK H

Ni

.

do an hoan thanh

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