The Rise of the Middle Ages

The Church

Organization of the Church

Pope: Leader of the

medieval churchCardinals: Advisers to the pope

Archbishop: Had all the powers of a bishop & some authority over bishops & other

dioceses in the province

Bishop: Managed a diocese; administered the sacraments of confirmation & ordination; appointed &

removed parish priests; managed church property

Parish Priests: Conducted church services, administered all the sacraments except confirmation & ordination, supervised moral

& religious instruction & moral life of the community

Roles of the ChurchScholarship Politics Economy Society

•Clergy members were the most educated people in Europe•Monks copied books by hand

•Monarchs had to obey popes•Canon law enforced by excommunication & interdict•Imposed taxes

•Supported labor as means of income•Monks grew crops•Monasteries traded extensively

•Considered family to be sacred•Established hospitals, orphanages & poorhouses

Magna Carta

• “Scrutage [a tax paid instead of military service] or aid [grant to a king] shall be levied in our kingdom only by the common counsel of our kingdom…”

• “No freedom shall be captured or imprisoned… except by lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.”

• “To no one will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay right of justice.”

William the Conqueror

Capetians

Weaken the feudal lords

Add to the royal lands

Unify the people under one rule & one culture

Develop a strong central government

Bring justice under the control of the king

Increase revenue

Goals of Medieval Kings

The Crusades1st Crusade 2nd Crusade 3rd Crusade 4th Crusade Children’s

CrusadeDate 1096-1099

Participating European Countries

France & Normandy

Successes Captured Antioch & Jerusalem; Set up new states in the Holy Land

Failures/Problems

Food & water shortages