The Rise of The Rise of EuropeEurope

Bell Ringer – Copy the Bell Ringer – Copy the VocabVocabThe Rise of EuropeThe Rise of Europe

1. Medieval Civilization2. Vikings3. Magyars4. Germanic Peoples5. Franks6. Charles Martel7. Battle of Tours8. Reconquista9. Charlemagne10.Treaty of Verdun11.Feudalism12.Feudal contract13.Fief14.Manor

15. Chivalry16. Knight17. Medieval Church18. Priest19. Monks/Nuns20. Papal Supremacy21. Canon Law22. Antisemitism23. Revival of trade24. Tenant Farmer25. Middle Class26. Guilds

Dates of the Dates of the Middle AgesMiddle AgesDates of the Dates of the Middle AgesMiddle AgesEarly Middle Ages: 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Section 1Section 1

The Early Middle The Early Middle AgesAges

Division of the Roman Empire

The Early Middle AgesThe Early Middle Ages

During this time, Europe was cut During this time, Europe was cut off from advanced civilizations in off from advanced civilizations in the Middle East, China, and the Middle East, China, and India.India.

Eventually, a new European Eventually, a new European civilization emerged that civilization emerged that blended Greco-Roman, blended Greco-Roman, Germanic, and Christian Germanic, and Christian traditions: traditions: Medieval CivilizationMedieval Civilization

Muslims advance on Muslims advance on EuropeEurope

The Germanic KingdomsThe Germanic Kingdoms

After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes divided Western Europe into many divided Western Europe into many small kingdoms.small kingdoms.

The Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were farmers and herders.were farmers and herders. had no cities or written laws.had no cities or written laws. elected kings to lead them in war.elected kings to lead them in war. rewarded warrior nobles who swore rewarded warrior nobles who swore

loyalty to the king with weapons and loyalty to the king with weapons and loot.loot.

The FranksThe Franks

The The FranksFranks were the strongest of the were the strongest of the Germanic tribes. Germanic tribes.

ClovisClovis, king of the Franks, conquered , king of the Franks, conquered GaulGaul and then converted to and then converted to Christianity, which became the Christianity, which became the religion of the people in Gaulreligion of the people in Gaul

He gained a powerful ally (Pope) in He gained a powerful ally (Pope) in the Christian Church of Rome, the Christian Church of Rome, CatholicismCatholicism

By the numbers:Charles Martel (Franks)-20-30,000 Men

Abdul Rahman (Muslims)-Almost 80,000 Men

Losses:Franks – 1,500

Muslims – 10,000

Battle of TOURS - OCTOBER 10, 732 AD (CE)

Charles Martel Charles Martel

Islamic warriors crossed the Pyrenees Mountains in 732 AD and attempted to conquer the Franks.

A Frankish general named Charles Martel defeated the Muslim army.

Battle of Tours (732 AD)-Battle of Tours (732 AD)- Frankish (Christian) warriors had a victory over the Muslims.warriors had a victory over the Muslims.

This victory is considered the beginning of the reconquista.

The Reconquista was the Christian reconquest of Europe after the invasion of the Moors.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8q0PpIUN4g

Christianity in AmericaChristianity in America

Big Idea Question: (Copy and answer in short essay)What impact did the victory at Tours have for Europe and Christianity?

Ensured the continuation of Western Christianity throughout Europe which eventually spread to North America during the exploration era and the settling of America.

Big Idea Question: (Copy and answer in short Big Idea Question: (Copy and answer in short essay)essay)

What impact did the victory at Tours have for Europe and Christianity?

He expanded the Frankish territory under his control and in 732 repulsed an onslaught by the Muslims.

Victory at Tours ensured the ruling dynasty of Martel's family, the Carolingians. His son Pepin became the first Carolingian king of the Franks, and his grandson Charlemagne carved out a vast empire that stretched across Europe which became the Holy Roman Empire.

Ensured the continuation of Western Christianity Ensured the continuation of Western Christianity throughout Europe which eventually spread to North throughout Europe which eventually spread to North America during the exploration era and the settling of America during the exploration era and the settling of America.America.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

• Charlemagne, a name that means Charles the Great, was Charles Martel's grandson and the greatest of the Frankish kings as well as the first Holy Roman Emperor!

The Empire of The Empire of CharlemagneCharlemagne

Charlemagne helped Charlemagne helped Pope Leo IPope Leo III by crushing II by crushing a rebellion in Rome against the nobles.a rebellion in Rome against the nobles.

In gratitude, the pope crowned Charlemagne In gratitude, the pope crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans.Emperor of the Romans.

SIGNIFICANCE:SIGNIFICANCE: By crowning a Germanic king successor to the By crowning a Germanic king successor to the

Roman emperors, the pope revived the ideal Roman emperors, the pope revived the ideal of a united Christian community.of a united Christian community.

This action created the This action created the Holy Roman Empire!Holy Roman Empire! This action laid the ground for struggles This action laid the ground for struggles

between future Roman Catholic popes and between future Roman Catholic popes and German emperors.German emperors.

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 ADHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 AD

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 ADHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 AD

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4PI8dEWTGE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyDPJENZOs0

Bell Ringer – 11/3/14Bell Ringer – 11/3/14 Utilize the Atlas Map Book on Utilize the Atlas Map Book on pages 56-57 pages 56-57 to to copycopy and and

answeranswer the following questions the following questions

1.1. What was life like for people in the Middle Ages?What was life like for people in the Middle Ages?

2.2. Which Frankish king conquered most of Western Which Frankish king conquered most of Western Europe?Europe?

3.3. According to the map on page 57, What year did According to the map on page 57, What year did Charlemagne become emperor of the West?Charlemagne become emperor of the West?

4.4. How many modern day countries did How many modern day countries did Charlemagne’s empire extend into? (List them)Charlemagne’s empire extend into? (List them)

5.5. Who is the Pope?Who is the Pope?

The Carolingian ReignThe Carolingian ReignThe Carolingian ReignThe Carolingian Reign

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

The Age of CharlemagneThe Age of Charlemagne

Charlemagne tried to exercise Charlemagne tried to exercise control over hiscontrol over his empire and create empire and create a united Christian Europe.a united Christian Europe. He helped He helped spread Christianity to the conquered spread Christianity to the conquered people on the fringes of the empire.people on the fringes of the empire.

Charlemagne revived Latin learning Charlemagne revived Latin learning in his empire and strived to create a in his empire and strived to create a “second Rome.”“second Rome.”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyDPJENZOs0

Legacy of Legacy of CharlemagneCharlemagne Extended Christian civilizationExtended Christian civilization Further blended German, Further blended German,

Roman, and Christian Roman, and Christian traditionstraditions

He set up strong efficient He set up strong efficient governments that later rulers governments that later rulers would try to modelwould try to model

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnFctcpZIKM

Invasions After Invasions After CharlemagneCharlemagne

After Charlemagne’s death his empire was After Charlemagne’s death his empire was split into three by his grandsons in the split into three by his grandsons in the Treaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun..

Muslim forces posed a threat to EuropeMuslim forces posed a threat to Europe MagyarsMagyars from Russia settled in Europe from Russia settled in Europe VikingsVikings (Germanic) from Scandinavia were (Germanic) from Scandinavia were

destructive raiders, traders, and explorers. destructive raiders, traders, and explorers. They settled all over Europe. Leif Erikson They settled all over Europe. Leif Erikson set up a short-lived Viking colony on North set up a short-lived Viking colony on North America.America.

Feudalism and the Feudalism and the Manor EconomyManor Economy

The Emergence of The Emergence of FeudalismFeudalism In the face of invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars, In the face of invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars,

kings and emperors were too weak to maintain law and kings and emperors were too weak to maintain law and order.order.

In response to this need for protection, response to weak In response to this need for protection, response to weak government, and lack of laws; a new political and social government, and lack of laws; a new political and social system called feudalism evolved.system called feudalism evolved.

Feudalism was a loosely organized system of rule in which Feudalism was a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords. In exchange, lesser lords, lords. In exchange, lesser lords, or vassals, or vassals, pledged service pledged service and loyalty to the greater lord. and loyalty to the greater lord.

Feudal ContractFeudal Contract: : exchange of pledges between lords and exchange of pledges between lords and vassalsvassals

FiefFief: : An estate the lord granted to his vassalAn estate the lord granted to his vassal

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service, mutual obligations.

Feudal SocietyFeudal Society

Under the Under the feudal feudal system, system, everyone everyone had a well-had a well-defined place defined place in society.in society.

Kings• Give large land grants to Upper

Lords called fiefs• Give Protection• Receives money, military

service, and adviceUpper Lords / Vassals / Nobels

• Give land grants to Lesser Lords

• Give Protection• Receives money, military

serviceKnights

• Give land to peasants/serfs• Receives crops, labor

Merchants / Craftsmen• Provided Specialized Goods to

the Knights / Nobles / LordsPeasants / Serfs

• Receives land to farm• Pays with labor, crops

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zO-8f3XpNMg

Medieval CastleMedieval CastleMedieval CastleMedieval Castle

The Manor EconomyThe Manor Economy

The The manormanor,, or lord’s estate or fief, was or lord’s estate or fief, was the heart of the medieval economy.the heart of the medieval economy.

Peasants and lords were bound by Peasants and lords were bound by mutual obligation (feudal contracts). mutual obligation (feudal contracts).

The peasant worked for the lord.The peasant worked for the lord. In exchange, the peasant received In exchange, the peasant received

protection and a small amount of land to protection and a small amount of land to farm.farm.

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor Based on

self-sufficiency.

Early Middle Age center for agricultural production.

Life on the Medieval Life on the Medieval ManorManor

Life on the Medieval Life on the Medieval ManorManor

SerfsSerfs at at workwork

Peasants and NoblesPeasants and Nobles

SerfsSerfs were bound were bound to the land. They to the land. They were not slaves, yet were not slaves, yet they were not free. they were not free.

Serfs made up the Serfs made up the majority of the majority of the population in population in medieval society.medieval society.

Life was very harsh.Life was very harsh.

Warfare was a way Warfare was a way of life. of life.

Many trained from Many trained from boyhood to be boyhood to be knightsknights,, or or mounted warriorsmounted warriors

Fought for Lord, Fought for Lord, feudal lord, and feudal lord, and chivalrychivalry

ChivalryChivalry: : A Code of Honor and BehaviorA Code of Honor and BehaviorChivalryChivalry: : A Code of Honor and BehaviorA Code of Honor and Behavior

Trained from boyhood for the occupation of a Knight, or mounted warrior.

As feudal warfare decreased, knights would compete in tournaments, or mock battles.

““Stepping Out”Stepping Out”Before the BellBefore the Bell

- Climb these stair first!- Climb these stair first!

Bell Ringer – Map book pages 60-Bell Ringer – Map book pages 60-6161

11/11/1411/11/14 CopyCopy and and Answer Answer the following the following QuestionsQuestions

1.1. What did the a lord or local leader What did the a lord or local leader need to protect his land?need to protect his land?

2.2. How long did the Holy Roman Empire How long did the Holy Roman Empire survive?survive?

3.3. Who were the nobles?Who were the nobles?

4.4. What were the roles of the monks and What were the roles of the monks and priests?priests?

5.5. What were the roles of the serfs?What were the roles of the serfs?

The Medieval The Medieval ChurchChurch

The Church and Medieval The Church and Medieval LifeLife The The medieval church medieval church was a social center as well was a social center as well

as a place of worship.as a place of worship.

Christian rituals and faith were part of the fabric of Christian rituals and faith were part of the fabric of everyday life (sacraments). everyday life (sacraments).

PriestsPriests guided people on issues of values and guided people on issues of values and morality. morality.

Church required people to pay a tithe (10% of their Church required people to pay a tithe (10% of their income).income).

MonksMonks and and nunsnuns cared for the poor and sick, set up cared for the poor and sick, set up schools for children, and gave food and lodging to schools for children, and gave food and lodging to travelers. travelers.

Friars were monks who did not live in a monastery, Friars were monks who did not live in a monastery, but traveled and preached to the poor.but traveled and preached to the poor.

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

The Power of the Church The Power of the Church GrowsGrows In the centuries after the fall of Rome, the In the centuries after the fall of Rome, the

Church became the most powerful Church became the most powerful secular,secular, or worldly, force in medieval Europeor worldly, force in medieval Europe

Medieval popes began to claim Medieval popes began to claim papal papal supremacy,supremacy, or authority over all or authority over all secular(worldly rulers/kings) rulers. secular(worldly rulers/kings) rulers.

The medieval Church developed its own The medieval Church developed its own body of laws, known as body of laws, known as canon law,canon law, as well as well as its own courts. Anyone who disobeyed as its own courts. Anyone who disobeyed canon law faced a range of penalties. canon law faced a range of penalties.

The Church also had absolute power in The Church also had absolute power in religious matters. religious matters.

Religious AuthorityReligious Authority

Excommunication: Pope forbade Excommunication: Pope forbade people to receive sacraments or a people to receive sacraments or a Christian burialChristian burial

Interdict: an order excluding an Interdict: an order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving some sacraments from receiving some sacraments or a Christian burial or a Christian burial

Jews in EuropeJews in Europe Jewish communities existed across Jewish communities existed across

Europe.Europe. In hard times, Christians persecuted In hard times, Christians persecuted

the Jews, blaming them for the Jews, blaming them for economic problems, illness, and economic problems, illness, and disasters. disasters.

Prejudice against Jews is called Prejudice against Jews is called anti-semitism.anti-semitism.

In response to growing persecution, In response to growing persecution, thousands of Jews migrated from thousands of Jews migrated from Western to Eastern Europe.Western to Eastern Europe.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7cUuxh3CYY

Economic Economic Expansion Revival Expansion Revival of Tradeof Trade

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural RevolutionNew farming technologies

iron plow harness windmill three-field system

Increase in food production

Population explosionBetween 1000 and 1300, the population of

Europe doubled.

Revival of Trade in Revival of Trade in EuropeEurope Europe’s Europe’s

growing growing population population needed needed goods that goods that were not were not available available to them. to them.

As foreign As foreign invasions invasions and feudal and feudal warfare warfare declined, declined, trade trade increasedincreased

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

The The revival of trade revival of trade led to a revolution in led to a revolution in commerce(trade and money being commerce(trade and money being exchanged)!exchanged)!

As trade revived, merchants needed money to As trade revived, merchants needed money to buy goods. The reintroduction of money led buy goods. The reintroduction of money led European merchants to develop new business European merchants to develop new business practices, such as:practices, such as:– setting up bankssetting up banks– joining together to set up joining together to set up partnershipspartnerships– developing insurancedeveloping insurance– adopting the bill of exchangeadopting the bill of exchange

Social ChangesSocial Changes The commercial revolution not only The commercial revolution not only

transformed the medieval economy, it also transformed the medieval economy, it also reshaped medieval society.reshaped medieval society.

The use of money undermined serfdom. Most The use of money undermined serfdom. Most peasants became peasants became tenant farmerstenant farmers or hired or hired farm laborers who kept a small plot of land farm laborers who kept a small plot of land and a small home.and a small home.

In towns, a new In towns, a new middle classmiddle class of merchants, of merchants, traders, and artisans emerged.traders, and artisans emerged.

The Church forbade Christians from The Church forbade Christians from becoming moneylenders. Since Jews were becoming moneylenders. Since Jews were barred from other professions, many took on barred from other professions, many took on this role.this role.

Medieval Universities Medieval Universities

GuildsGuilds In medieval towns, merchants and In medieval towns, merchants and

artisans formed associations called artisans formed associations called guildsguilds..

Merchant guilds appeared first. They Merchant guilds appeared first. They dominated town life, passing laws, dominated town life, passing laws, levying taxes, and making other levying taxes, and making other important decisions. important decisions.

A craft guild was made up of workers in A craft guild was made up of workers in a particular occupation. a particular occupation.

To prevent competition, only a certain To prevent competition, only a certain number of people could work in any number of people could work in any trade.trade.

GuildsGuilds

Becoming a guild member Becoming a guild member involved many years of hard involved many years of hard

work.work. Commercial Monopoly(Many businesses Commercial Monopoly(Many businesses

together):together):

Controlled membershipControlled membership apprenticeapprentice journeymanjourneyman master craftsmanmaster craftsman

Controlled quality of the product Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].[masterpiece].

Controlled pricesControlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild

““Stepping Out”Stepping Out”Before the BellBefore the Bell

- Climb these stair first!- Climb these stair first!

Church in Medieval Church in Medieval TimesTimes(List 2/3 examples in diagram)(List 2/3 examples in diagram)

FeudalismFeudalism