Europe and the Rise of Totalitatianism

Europe and the Rise of Totalitatianism The Totalitarian Challenge The Rise of Modernism

Freud, Jung and Psychoanalysis

Dada and Surrealist ARTEinstein Curie and FermatItaly and domestic unrest

Il Duce

Consolidation of Italy The Russian RevolutionFebruary RevolutionOctober RevolutionLed by Alexander Kerensky Triggered by riots over food & coal shortages Troops join rioters Soviets appear and oppose provisional governmentSuppress Bolshevik revolt in JulyLed by Vladimir Ilyich LeninFreed Bolsheviks armed by Kerensky to oppose attempted coupGain control of Petrograd SovietGave works control over factories etc.The Russian Civil War 1917-23

Communist ConsolidationOne Party RulePolitburo New Economic PolicyRepress Party dissent Overturn Orthodox Church Control of Education

The Stalin Revolution

5 YEAR PLANCollectivization

Liquidation of Kulaks Ukrainian Terror FamineSoviet Realism Show Trials and Terror

1936-38Expanded PurgesTargeted IntellectualsGulag System Weimar Republic

Threatened from Left and RightFrench Occupation of the Ruhr National Socialist German Workers Party

The Nazi Seizure of Power

Nazi Germany