the renaissance. origins of italian renaissance preconditions growth of trade brings about spreading...
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The Renaissance
Origins of Italian Renaissance
Preconditions Growth of trade brings about spreading of
ideas. Plague allows for wages and social mobility.
Began with the fall of Constantinople in 1452 Scholars from Constantinople fled to Italy.
• Brought with them Ancient Greco-Roman texts.
Origins (Continued)
Why Italy?The Italian City-StateCenter for Eurasian Trade
• Wealth and prosperity• Center for exchanging of ideas and
culture.
Changing Social ClassesSee next slide.
Changing Social Classes in Florence
Impact of Ideas on Art, Culture, Politics, Religion, and Values
Revival of the study of the HumanitiesIncluded history, rhetoric, philosophy,
Greco-Roman culture, and politics.• “Renaissance Man”: Familiar with all of
the humanities.
Impact of Ideas on Art, Culture, Politics, Religion, and Values Humanism: Belief that all people have the
ability to contribute to the betterment of society.Religious and SecularBelieved education and knowledge
will lead to the greater good.Logic + ReasonCivic responsibilityFree will + IndividualismKey Contributors:
• Petrarch + Dante
Francesco Petrarch
This is one of Petrarch’s most famous works called Secretum, which means “My Secret Book”.
This book is written in Latin and in this book he evaluates his faith.
Petrarch is considered one of the “Fathers of Humanism”.
Dante Alighieri
One of Dante’s most famous works is an epic poem called The Divine Comedy.
This work described Dante’s journey through hell, paradise, and purgatory.
Dante is also considered one of the “Fathers of Humanism”.
Impact of Ideas on Art, Culture, Politics, Religion, and Values
SecularismExcluded religion from society.Not anti-religious yet.Also called “civic humanism”
Impact of Ideas on Art, Culture, Politics, Religion, and Values
Renaissance Art Major advancements in method and subject
• Proportional, realistic, lifelike• Linear perspective, shadowing, depth• Individual identities, emotional• Bright colors, oil prints• Free-standing statues• Religious subjects, daily life, mythology, heroes.• Obsession with the “perfect human”
Examine the following works of art, and identify these characteristics.
“Vitruvian Man” Leonardo da Vinci
“The School of Athens” Raphael
“David” Michelangelo
Political Challenges
Disorganization of Italian City State.Despotism.Fragile balance between major city-
states. (Often in conflict) France invades Italy at Milan’s
request 1490France quickly invades most of Italy.Creates chaos for over 50 years.Tension throughout Europe due to
Spanish-French conflict.
Political Challenges Continued
Rise of the New Monarch Standing Army Consolidation of Power Growth of bureaucracy Ongoing challenges to that power New national powers
• England• Spain• France• Holy Roman Empire
The Northern Renaissance
Stimulated by influx of Italian Renaissance ideas. Differed from Italian Renaissance in that it was mainly
religious humanists and committed to religious reform. While the Italian Renaissance is based on Greek
influence, the northern renaissance focused more on religion.
Sponsored by the traditional authority, Princes, Nobles and Church.
Broadly influenced by print culture
Art from the Northern Renaissance
Virgin and Child with Saints and Donor Gerard David
Albrecht Durer. Self-Portrait
Modern Devotion
Religious movement The meshing of Humanism and
Christianity Supported the studying of the scripture
to help build a relationship with God. Focus on churches earliest writings Modern Devotion contributed to
Lutheranism and Calvinism.
North vs. South
The Printing Press
Invented by Johann Gutenberg. Response to expanding literacy and heightened demand for
books. Rise of the pamphlet.
Erasmus Wanted religious reform. Printed bibles in original form (Latin)
• Later translated into German by Luther.• His reformist ideas gave reformers ammo in the Reformation.
Erasmus
Exploring the New World Portuguese lead; Africa and Asia
Attempt to circum navigate the Venetian Ottoman monopoly to the east
Brazil The Spanish Emerge
Settle South and Central AmericaInflux of Bullion Decimation and Exploitation of native
populations (Slavery)
Impact/Summary The rediscovery of ancient ideas led to a rebirth of culture and
education.
Growing middle class embraces cultural innovation.
Study of the humanities led to religious and civic humanism
Humanism influenced an expansion of art, literature and challenged traditional authority
There was the rise of new monarchies which centralized power.
The printing press sped up the exchange of ideas.
This was the catalyst for the downfall of feudal society.