THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION AND THE HANOVER KINGS

CHARLES II* The “Merry Monarch”

* Mistresses, mistresses, mistresses

* Conversion to Catholicism

* Throne Passes to Brother, James

JAMES II* Catholic

* No Heirs…

James Edward –Catholic!

* Upset Protestants

Invite William of Orange (Holland) to be King

Married to James II’s daughter Mary

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

Saving England “rescue the nation and the religion” from the Catholic James II

James’ Heir Reared as a Catholic

Unacceptable

Invasion Not hostile, but excitement grew as he marched on London

James runs away to France

THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS (ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS)

ParliamentAgree to put William and Mary on the throne if they agreed to…

The Declaration of RightsNo Catholic could become king or queen

Taxes could not be raised without Parliament’s consent

No laws enacted without Parliamentary approval

Foundation for the American Bill of Rights

WILLIAM AND MARY

Joint Monarchs First and only time in English history

Lasts until Mary’s death by smallpox

Mary II – loved by all!

William’s Intent Rules alone

Stop French expansion

College of William and Mary Second oldest university in the United States

Houses the oldest college building in the United States

First law school in America

ANNE

William’s Death Mary’s sister and William’s sister-in-law

Anne establishes Britain as a major European power.

Worn Out Queen Pregnant 18 times, 13 stillbirths

5 living children – all die as well

The Last Stuart Monarch Succession passes to the heirs of Electress Sophia of Hanover

GEORGE I (1714-1727)

Closest Living Protestant Relation Hanover, Germany, aged 54

Unable to speak English and limited knowledge of England

Marriage Sophia Dorothea

Dislike, mistresses and affairs (Philip von Konigsmarck)

Weak Government Had to trust associates, but couldn’t…

THE “PRIME” MINISTER

King’s (or Queen’s) Cabinet

Several ministers who gave advice

King presided over Cabinet meeting

Reliance on Robert Walpole

VIDEO – The First Prime Minister

“Prime” (First) Minister to the King

Robert Walpole

10 Downing Street

Essentially runs government for George I

THE JACOBITE UPRISING – PART I

Jacobite Latin Jacobus – James; Who do they support?

The 1715 Uprising Scotland Place James Edward Stuart - “The Old Pretender” on the throne

Easily crushed

The 1745 Uprising James II supporters

60 years after exile

Charles Edward Stuart – Bonnie Prince Charlie “The Young Pretender”

THE JACOBITE UPRISING – PART II

Battle of CullodenUtter defeat, thought English would rally…

No quarter given…

Destruction of the JacobitesPrisoners shot, neglected to starvation, executed publicly, or sold as slaves to American plantations.

Scottish Clan chiefs stripped of rights

Lord Lovat, 80 year-old Scottish man, last person to be beheaded in public in England

GEORGE II (1727-1760)

Wars, Wars, and Wars War of Jenkins’ Ear (Spain)

War of the Austrian Succession (France)

Seven Years’ War (France)

Battle of Dettingen (France)

Last British king to lead troops in battle

Marriage Caroline casts a “blind eye”

On her deathbed – tells him to remarry, George refuses

British Expansion North America (Georgia), India, and Canada

GEORGE III (1760-1820)

First Hanover Monarch Born in England Conscientious ruler, took role seriously

Ability to speak to average people

Napoleon and the American Revolution

Marriage Met Charlotte, six hours later, married!

Faithful throughout – 15 children

“They did not fall in love and marry; they married and fell in love.”

MAD KING GEORGE

Porphyria

“purple pigment”

Blood disorder which causes mental disturbances

In-breeding

VIDEO – George III’s Mad Doctor

Continued Illness

Son, Prince George, rules as Regent

Permanent derangement and blindness for the last nine years

GEORGE IV (1820-1830)

Ruled as Regent Finally made king after George III’s death

Marriage Secret wife – Maria FitzHerbert

Act of Settlement

Forced wife – Caroline

Wants divorce - infidelity

Rule as King Grant Catholics rights!

Slowly, they begin gaining them again…

Wild Guy – health suffers, overweight, and virtual recluse at Windsor

IN SUMMARY…

VIDEO – The Georges – LIVE!