the gilded age and urban and rural discontent
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The Gilded Age and Urban and Rural Discontent. APUSH – Unit 7. End of Reconstruction Pages 512-525. Election of 1868 Corruption Issues Election of 1872 Panic of 1873 Election of 1876 Compromise of 1877. The 1868 Republican Ticket. The 1868 Democratic Ticket. Waving the Bloody Shirt!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Gilded Age andUrban and Rural Discontent
APUSH – Unit 7
End of ReconstructionPages 512-525• Election of 1868• Corruption Issues• Election of 1872• Panic of 1873• Election of 1876• Compromise of 1877
The 1868 Republican Ticket
The 1868 Republican Ticket
The 1868 Democratic Ticket
The 1868 Democratic Ticket
Waving the Bloody Shirt!Waving the Bloody Shirt!
Republican “Southern Strategy”
1868 Presidential Election
1868 Presidential Election
Grant Administration Scandals
Grant Administration Scandals Grant presided over an era of
unprecedented growth and corruption.
* Gould / Fisk Gold Scam.
* Credit Mobilier Scandal.
* Whiskey Ring.
* The “Indian Ring.”
The Tweed Ring in NYC
The Tweed Ring in NYC
William Marcy Tweed (notorious head of Tammany Hall’s political machine)
[Thomas Nast crusading cartoonist/reporter]
Who Stole the People’s Money?Who Stole the People’s Money?
Up to $200 million of public funds diverted to the Tweed Ring!!!Several billion today?????
The Election of 1872The Election of 1872 Spoilsmen v.
reformers.
Rumors of corruption during Grant’s first term discredit Republicans.
Horace Greeley runsas a Democrat/LiberalRepublican candidate.
Greeley attacked as afool and a crank.
Greeley died on November 29, 1872!
1872 Presidential Election
1872 Presidential Election
Popular Vote for President: 1872
Popular Vote for President: 1872
The Panic of 1873The Panic of 1873 It raises “the money
question.”
* debtors seek inflationarymonetary policy bycontinuing circulation of greenbacks.
* creditors, intellectuals support hard money.
1875 Specie Redemption Act.
1876 Greenback Party formed & makes gains in congressional races The “Crime of ’73’!
And They Say He Wants a Third Term
And They Say He Wants a Third Term
Two-Party “Balance”Two-Party “Balance”Two-Party “Balance”Two-Party “Balance”
Intense Intense Voter Voter
Loyalty Loyalty to theto the
Two MajorTwo MajorPolitical Political PartiesParties
Intense Intense Voter Voter
Loyalty Loyalty to theto the
Two MajorTwo MajorPolitical Political PartiesParties
Well-Defined Voting Well-Defined Voting BlocsBlocs
Well-Defined Voting Well-Defined Voting BlocsBlocs
DemocraticBloc
DemocraticBloc
RepublicanBloc
RepublicanBloc
White southerners(preservation ofwhite supremacy)
Catholics
Recent immigrants(esp. Jews)
Urban working poor (pro-labor)
Most farmers
Northern whites(pro-business)
African Americans
Northern Protestants
Old WASPs (supportfor anti-immigrant laws)
Most of the middleclass
GAR – Grand Army of the Republic
1876 Presidential Tickets1876 Presidential Tickets
1876 Presidential Election
1876 Presidential Election
The Political Crisis of 1877
The Political Crisis of 1877
“Corrupt Bargain”Part II?
A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877
Key Details:
Hayes Wins if:
Federal Troops leave SC and LA
Federal Subsidy forSouthern Transcontinental Railroad
Hayes PrevailsHayes Prevails
Alas, the Woes of Childhood…
Alas, the Woes of Childhood…
Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!
Northern Support for Reconstruction Weakens
Northern Support for Reconstruction Weakens
“Grantism” & corruption.
Panic of 1873 [6-yeardepression].
Concern over westwardexpansion and Indian wars.
Key monetary issues:
* should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War.
* should war bonds be paid back in specie orgreenbacks.
Racial and Ethnic Conflict
• End of Federal Reconstruction weakens Civil Rights
• Supreme Court rulings• 14th Amendment – applies to government not individuals• Plessy v. Ferguson – separate but equal acceptable
• Jim Crow laws – legal separation by race• Limits on Immigration
• Chinese Exclusion Act – strong limits on Chinese immigration (first targeted group)
Garfield, Arthur & ClevelandPages 526-534• Election of 1880• Arthur and Civil Service Reform
• Pendleton Act of 1883• Election of 1884
• Role of Mugwumps• Grover Cleveland
• Election of 1888
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: RepublicansRepublicans
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: RepublicansRepublicans
Half BreedsHalf Breeds StalwartsStalwarts
Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine) (New York)
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)
compromise
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: DemocratsDemocrats
1880 Presidential Election: 1880 Presidential Election: DemocratsDemocrats
1880 Presidential 1880 Presidential ElectionElection
1880 Presidential 1880 Presidential ElectionElection
1881: Garfield 1881: Garfield Assassinated!Assassinated!1881: Garfield 1881: Garfield Assassinated!Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!
Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)
Civil Service Act.
The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform.
1883 14,000 out of117,000 federal govt.jobs became civilservice exam positions.
1900 100,000 out of 200,000 civil service federal govt. jobs.
Republican Republican “Mugwumps”“Mugwumps”
Republican Republican “Mugwumps”“Mugwumps” Reformers who wouldn’t re-
nominateChester A. Arthur.
Shift to Democratic Party
Favoritism & the spoils system seen as govt. intervention in society.
Their target was political corruption, not social or economic reform!
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)
A Dirty A Dirty CampaignCampaign
A Dirty A Dirty CampaignCampaign
Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
Cleveland’s First TermCleveland’s First TermCleveland’s First TermCleveland’s First Term
The “Veto Governor” from New York.
First Democratic elected since 1856.
A public office is a public trust!
Actions:
Returned Civil Service to the Spoils System
Opposed bills to assist the poor aswell as the rich.
Vetoed over 200 special pension billsfor Civil War veterans!
The Tariff IssueThe Tariff IssueThe Tariff IssueThe Tariff Issue After the Civil War, Congress raised
tariffs to protect new US industries.
Big business wanted to continue this;consumers did not.
1885 tariffs earned the US $100 mil. in surplus!
President Cleveland’s view on tariffs????
Tariffs became a major issue in the 1888presidential election.
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection