California Advanced Homes Program

The Future of High Performance Windows and the California Energy Code

Nic DunfeeRobert HartBrad Begin

Maziar Shirakh

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Sponsored by PG&E

These programs are funded by California utility customers and administered by PG&E under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission.

“PG&E” refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation.

© 2017 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved.

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Program Overview

California Advanced Homes Program (CAHP)• Energy Efficiency & Market-transformation program: intended capture

above code savings and to assist builders in overcoming the hurdles of the energy codes and to advance high performance design.

• Single family new construction in PG&E, SoCalGas, and SDG&E territory• Facilitates energy efficient design and construction through incentives and

design assistance• Supports builders, energy consultants, and HERS raters to move beyond

the current energy code

Program is funded under the auspices of the CPUC• Incentive levels and program requirements may be revised during the

program cycle

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Program Requirements

Homes must meet the following requirements:• Permit to 2016 Title 24 standards• Receive PG&E service• Be new construction• Be single family, duplex, or townhome• Meet energy performance

requirements

Energy consultants must: • Hold either a 2013 or a 2016

residential Certified Energy Analysist (CEA) certificate

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Panelists

• Mazi Shirakh – California Energy Commission

• Robert Hart - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

• Brad Begin – Alpen Windows

• Nic Dunfee – TRC Energy Services

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Agenda• Introductions

• Why Windows

• Brief History

• CEC’s Outlook on Windows – Mazi Shirakh

• Bringing Innovations To Market – Robert Heart

• Alpen High Performance Products – Brad Begin

• Questions and Answers

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Why Windows

• Compliance

• ZNE Goals

• Advancements in Technology

• Massive Energy Impacts

• CEC looking into lower prescriptive

U-factor/SHGC in future codes

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A Brief History

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• 1970s - mostly single-pane windows

• Early 1980s - low “e” coating is developed

• 1989 - National Fenestration Resource Council is formed

• Mid 1990s – low “e” mass market penetration

• 2017 - double glazed low “e” at 96% market saturation

High Efficiency Windows and CAHP

• CAHP Currently offers incentives based on improvements to the home’s energy design rating (EDR)

– High Efficiency Windows can improve your EDR by more than 5 or 6, this could increase the per lot incentive by more than $1500 and the program offers an additional $200 bonus for installing windows with a U-factor ≤0.24

• CAHP incentives are on a lot-by-lot basis– Due in most part to glazing percentage the EDR of any plan can vary drastically

from orientation to orientation

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Windows Effect on Compliance

• Baseline windows: U = 0.32, SHGC = 0.25• Proposed windows: U = 0.20, SHGC = 0.20 (CZs 2, 4, 6-16)

U = 0.20, SHGC = 0.75 (CZs 1, 3, 5)

1111

CZBaseline

(kTDV/ft2-yr)Proposed

(kTDV/ft2-yr)Compliance

Margin CZBaseline

(kTDV/ft2-yr)Proposed

(kTDV/ft2-yr)Compliance

Margin

1 35.67 21.96 13.71 9 46.1 44.5 1.6

2 45.9 44.8 1.1 10 45.2 43.6 1.6

3 20.44 17.45 2.99 11 45.6 43.4 2.1

4 45.6 44.5 1.1 12 45.2 43.2 1.9

5 17.94 14.23 3.71 13 46.8 44.6 2.2

6 47.4 46.8 0.6 14 45.7 43.6 2.1

7 48.8 48.4 0.4 15 50.4 48.2 2.3

8 47.5 46.4 1.1 16 48.5 46.8 1.7

Performance Incentive

- Better windows raise the delta EDR raising the base incentive

Cash Bonus to emphasize the importance of windows*

- $200/lot bonus for single family

- $75/unit for multifamily

*These are the current bonuses, they may be updated to $/ft2 in 2018

Windows are a Hybrid Bonus

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The True Incentives for High Performance Window

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Total Lot Incentive $1,250

Adding Base Incentive and Cash Kickers

Incentive

Base Incentive: DeltaEDR of 7

$1050

High Performance Windows

$200

Total Lot Incentive $600

Adding Base Incentive and Cash Kickers

Incentive

Base Incentive: DeltaEDR of 5

$600

High Performance Windows

$0

Delta EDR = 5.4 without WindowsDelta EDR = 7.2 with Windows

Even though the cash incentive amounts for HPW only appears to be $200The true incentive value of the windows in this example was $650

The $200 cash bonus does not tell the full story

Building Energy Efficiency Standards

High Efficiency Windows

Building Standards Office:

Mazi Shirakh, PEZNE Lead and Advisor for Building Energy Efficiency Standards (BEES)

Payam Bozogchami, PEProject Manager, BEES

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Proposed 2019 Standards Approach

• The proposed 2019 Standards include these additional envelop efficiency measures:

➢ HPA to R19 in severe CZs – Currently R13

➢ HPW to 0.043 ~ 0.046 U-factor in severe CZs – Currently 0.051

➢ Windows U-factor of 0.30 and SHGC of 0.23 – Currently 0.32 and 0.25

➢ QII as a prescriptive requirement

• Tankless water heaters are already a prescriptive requirement

• Consequently, builders have fewer compliance options available for tradeoffs against more glazing, west-facing windows, four-orientation compliance, and HPA and HPW

• Builders are asking for additional compliance options

• High efficiency windows with U-factors of 0.20 or lower can be attractive compliance options

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Relative EDR Impact of HEW

High Efficiency Windows (HEW) result in a significant EDR impact compared to the other building features, such as HPA, HPW, high efficiency HVAC and water heaters

HEW represent the next biggest energy efficiency opportunity after HPA and HPW

EDR Credit By Measures

2700 sf Prototype, CZ12

Measures EE EDR Score EDR Impact

Combined EDR HPA+HPW

Base 2019 Standards43.2

No HPA 46.5 -3.3

No HPW 45.5 -2.3 -5.6

HEW 0.20 U-factor 40.9 2.3

Note: Furnace and SEER credits have interactive effects with

envelope measures and are not additive

HEW 0.15 U-factor 39.9 3.3

0.95 Furn 41.8 1.4

SEER 16, EER 14 41.9 1.3

Tankless 0.95 42.7 0.5

HPG 0.20, 0.95 Furn. 0.95 WH, SEER 16

38 5.2

HPG 0.15, 0.95 Furn. 0.95 WH, SEER 16

37.2 6.0

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HEW Market

• High Efficiency Windows are available through several manufacturers with 0.20 U-factor and lower

• The costs are higher than windows with 0.30 U-factor but are still reasonable

• HOWEVER, the costs for HEW will come down significantly once these products are main streamed and distribution and sales channels are established

• Utility incentives may be available to offset some of the higher initial costs

Bringing Innovations To Market

a roadmap to high performance windows

Robert Hart

Windows and Envelope Materials

Building Technology and Urban Systems Division

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

$25 Billon per year from Windows

building envelopepeak, load shape, grid

100%

10%

4%

Building energy

US total energy

*Apte, J., Arasteh, D., Huang, Y.J. (2003) Future Advanced Windows for

Zero-Energy Homes. ASHTRAE Transactions. LBNL-51913

Comfort View Daylight

Fresh-air Egress Energy

We can build a better solution

research activities

0

25

50

75

100

125

ho

me

ann

ual

en

ergy

use

(M

BTU

)

baseline building window

LBNLs goal is to aide

development and adoption

of high performance windows

+Transform

windows into net

energy gainers

Department of Energy windows roadmapping draft soon

Technology Market transformation

Core (LBNL/NREL)AERC

Dynamic coatingsNano coatings

Vacuum insulatingTransparent insulation

Solar cogenerationSmart automatedInsulating frames

energy.gov/eere/buildings/listings/windows-projects

ARPA-EBuilding

integrationEnergy Codes

Emerging Technologies

SHIELD Single-Pane Highly Insulating Efficient

Lucid Designs

arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=arpa-e-programs/shield

Building AmericaB.A. Solutions Center

ENERGY STARBetter Buildings

Guides for Energy Pros

energy.gov/eere/buildings/residential-buildings-integration

Savings impactsmodel energy codes

Track adoptionEducation & training

energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-codes-program

Utilities CEENorthwest Energy Efficiency Alliance NEEA

Many more…

Net zero energy NZE residential 2020 goalCEC Electric Program Investment Charge EPIC

www.energy.ca.gov/research/epic/index.html

Aspirational goals 2020 2025 2030

U-factor 0.28 0.21 0.14

Market transformation strategies for energy-using equipment in the building sector. (2017). Energy and Mines

Ministers’ Conference . St. Andrews by-the-Sea, New Brunswick

ENERGY STARENERGY STAR most efficient

www.energystar.gov/products/spec/energy_star_most_efficient_2017_criteria_development_pd

Natural Resources

Canada

California

EPA

Nationwide

Market snapshot

Sales volume

NFRC CPD frequency

Vertical Slider (2015)

90%

8%2%

We can make

high performing

windows now!

But they aren’t

selling

triple

Double low-e

Double clear

too invested in current designs*

not required by code*

too heavytoo wide

no demandtoo expensive

long ROI

What does window industry say regarding lack of triple sales?

*my translation

roadmap to high performance windowsan example

Innovation push

tech development

20% 60% >90%

Market Pull

NFRC Ratings

Energy Star

Codes and

standards

Can we repeat the market adoption success of double low-e (R2 → R4)?

Thin-glass triple IGU (R4 → R8)

market adoption shown as percent of annual sales

Thin-glass triple IGU

high performance

minimal weight

single spacer

same width as double

low entry cost

Innovation

push

A concept before its time

Innovation

push

Why will it work now?

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

2012 2017Incr

eme

nta

l OEM

co

st o

ver

do

ub

le lo

w-e

($

/SF)

thin glass Krypton gas

Innovation

push

0

2

4

6

8

10

Sim

ple

Pay

bac

k [Y

R]

MN

DC

SC

TX

UT

CA

Payback is 5-7 years

in all US climates

Hot climates like

Palm Springs too!

*Replacing 2P Clear; DOE prototype IECC 2012 House w/357 SF window (15% of wall area)

Innovation

push

Make the case to owners

Cost

Condensation resistance

Comfort

Recognition ENERGY STAR

Market Pull

0

20

40

60

DoubleClear

DoubleLow-e

DoubleLow-e #4

ThinTriple

TripleCo

nd

en

sati

on

Re

sist

ance

-40

-20

0

20

Win

ter

Co

mfo

rt T

em

p [

°C]

Make the case to architects, engineers, and builders

Increase window size

Decrease perimeter HVAC

Market Pull

*image credit and cost data: Chris Mackey at Payette Architects

Market Pull

Make the case to Utilities

Resilience

Peak heating and cooling

Stable load

duck curve

Where do we go from here?

Technical Validation

SimulationClimate Modeling

PrototypesCoatings

Supply chain Partners

Thin GlassCoatings

Gas supplyGas fill

Spacer designIGU fabrication

Window Partners

Market IntelligenceCost Optimization

Technical Evaluation

Laboratory TestingDemonstrationsUtility Incentives

Codes and StandardsNet Zero advocates

ENERGYSTAR Criteria

Collaborative

R&D

Emerging Technology (R4-R8 IGU)

Market Scale Up (R4-R8 window)

Collaborative

R&D

I

II

too invested in current designs*

not required by code*

no demanduncomfortablecondensationtoo expensive

What will window industry say regarding lack of double sales?

*my translation

Engage with uswindows.lbl.gov

Robert Hart

510.486.4244

rghart@lbl.gov

Stephen Selkowitz

510.486.5064

seselkowitz@lbl.gov

Alpen High Performance Products

NORTH AMERICA’S HIGHEST PERFORMANCE FENESTRATION PRODUCTS

Who is Alpen High Performance Products?

▪ For over 30 years, Boulder, Colorado-based Alpen has been a national leader and industry innovator in the world of high performance glass, windows and doors

▪ Alpen is the world’s most experienced fabricator of glass units using suspended coated film technology

▪ Alpen has the highest performance NFRC certified windows in the NFRC database

▪ Commercial (35%) and Residential (65%)

Alpen Core Product Offering

• Ultra-High Performance Insulated Glass Units (world leader in use of suspended coated film technology)

• Alpen began as a glass manufacturer

• Super-Insulating Fiberglass Windows and Doors

• Fiber-Reinforced uPVC European Style Windows and Doors

Alpen Manufactures the Most Energy Efficient NFRC Certified Windows in the North American Database

Zenith Fiberglass Window Series R10 Window

•

Tyrol Fiber-Reinforced uPVC Windows R11 Window

Zenith: NFRC R-10 Window

Pultruded Fiberglass Frame

Super-Insulating Closed Cell Foam

Soft-Coat Low-E Glass (Exterior)

Krypton Gas Fill

Stainless Steel Spacers

Hermetically Sealed IG

Perimeter

Quad-Pane 1-3/8” Glazing Pocket

Twin Suspended Coated Films

Pyrolitic Low-E Glass (Interior)

Suspended Coated Film Insulated Glass

The Evolution of Window Technology

The R2 Window

1865

Dual-pane IG patent issued to Thomas Stetson

Super-Insulating with Suspended Coated Films

Today1865 19701974

First Suspended Coated Film

• SCF Production:

• $18.5M Vacuum “Sputtering” Machine. SFC: 79” Wide By 5,000’ Long

• 10 Different SCF Technologies Address Residential, Institutional And Commercial Architecture

Suspended Film Multi-Cavity IG

Single-film

Dual-cavity

Dual-film

Tri-cavity

Tri-film

Quad-cavity SUSPENDED FILM DOESN’T REPLACE LOW-E COATED GLASS

PERFORMANCE BUILT BY COMBINING COMPLEMENTARY BUILDING BLOCKS

Multi-Cavity

IG

Suspended

Film

Gas FillLow-E

GlassSource: Eastman Chemical 216,000 Combinations!

150 Years Later…“Triple” & “Quad” Super Windows

Outer Glass Light (Tint & Low-e Options)

Air (Argon/Krypton) Interspaces

Suspended Coated Film(s) Or Glass

Inner Light (Laminated / Frit / Low-e

Options)

Ug-0.13 (R-7.7) to Ug-0.06 (R-16.7)

Sounds techie? Is SCF only a niche?

• Suspended coated film co-originated with the advent of low-e coated glass decades ago

• More than 250,000,000 square feet of SCF glass has been installed in North America in hundred of thousands of projects from . . . the Empire State Building in NYC to the award winning Packard Foundation headquarters in Palo Alto to Boulder Commons in Boulder to the Davis Research Station in Antarctica to emergency shelters on the highest point in Greenland inside the Artic Circle

The vast majority of Alpen’s product goes to Main Street USA consumers

• Our target is to contribute lower cost product in the R5+ window products we deliver throughout North America every day to the any consumer wanting to stay warm in the winter and cool in the summer

MAYBE

NOT

HERE

BUT

FOR

SURE

HERE

ALPEN’S CORE CURRENT STRATEGY

• Mainstream. To do everything possible to make higher performance windows affordable and available to the average consumer by lowering our costs through efficiencies, technology and growth

• Create the Future Today. To be the first company to offer commercially viable and affordable net positive energy window systems to the marketplace

• Integrate. Optimize fenestration in buildings and homes through integration with building shell and mechanical systems through horizontal integration or partnerships or common goals

So why does the US mainstream window industry fight to stay in the dual pane performance range?

Where are they?

During the last two weeks, Alpen exhibited at two large

national trade shows for fast growing groups focused

on fast growing high performance building principles

Thirteen companies of the many dozens at the shows

sold windows—all featuring triple glazed product lines

Sadly, only two manufacturing product in North America

Everyone else imported product

Common Objections to Use of Higher Performance Windows -- Cost

“Triple glazing costs too much . . .”

• In reality, the vast majority of North American-based window manufacturers—and most of the big boys--have triple glazed options to offer.

• Our industy’s dirty little secret (shhh):

The cost difference to produce triple pane glazing over double pane glazing is between $2.50 and $4.00 a square foot . . . for a large manufacturer with scale perhaps less.

Note: I’m not talking about the sale price—but the cost difference.

Common Objections to Use of Higher Performance Windows – Cost

• Optimizing window performance and wall performance can easily offset the added cost of triple glazing

• R40 walls with R3.5 windows in one design equals HERS 41 in Net Zero Energy Ready home in Denver Colorado (19% window/wall ratio)

▪ Weighted R of window/walls=13.4

• With R5 windows, walls can be reduced to R22

• R40 walls to R22 walls –what are the savings?

Common Objections to Higher Performance Windows

“Triple glazing weighs too much . . . .”

• Using suspended coated film-based products don’t weigh anymore for triple or quad equivalent units than dual pane units. Alpen isn’t the only game in town. There are multiple suppliers of SCF product in North America.

• Regardless, true triple glass options aren’t that heavy until you get to very large units.

• The average sized glazing of a window for the largest window manufacturer I was able to interview is 4 square feet and the average added weight for a true triple pane unit is 6.4 pounds. Hmm. Larger sizes become bigger issues . . . but really?

• What weighs 6.4 pounds?

What weighs 6.4 pounds?

• Two larger than normal human brains

• A malnourished miniature dachshund

Why don’t we have more low cost US-manufactured high performance windows in the marketplace?

NO CARROT—NO INCENTIVES

NO STICK—NO CODES

NO $ REASON

Rebate Incentives Work Here’s an example in northern Colorado offered by from 5 local utilities:

California Advanced Homes Program

The Future of High Performance Windows and the California Energy Code

Nic DunfeeMaziar Shirakh

Robert HartBrad Begin

Thank You.

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Join us again on our upcoming CAHP Webinar!

ZNE: Catch Me If You CanDecember 5, 2017

11:00 am – 12:00 pm

Link to register on the CAHP blog: www.cahp-pge.com