THE EVALUATION OF HAND GRIP STRENGTH AMONG BADMINTON

AND TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS

PREPARED BY

WAN HAFIZI WAN KAMALUDIN

HERMIZAN HALIHANAFIAH

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INTRODUCTION Motor skills can be defined as a activity or task

that has a specific purpose or goal to achieve.

One of the motor skills in racquet sports is hand grip strength.

These hand grip strength requires flexor musculature of the forearm and also hand.

These motor skills plays as a key role in injury prevention and overall strength development (Budoff, 2004; Fry et al, 2006; Smith et al, 2006; Yasuo et al, 2005)

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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

There are a lot of anthropometric and hand grip strength studies in sports activities.

Many researcher evaluate more on the gross anthropometrics measurement such as BMI, arm circumference, skin folds, arm length and etc.

So the purpose of this study to evaluate the differences in hand grip strength among badminton and table tennis players.

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HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis - There is no significant different in hand grip

strength between badminton and table tennis sports

Alternative hypothesis- There is significant different in hand grip

strength between badminton and table tennis sports

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METHOD

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SAMPLE SELECTION

Based on demographic data, 10 male badminton players (n=10) and 15 male table tennis players (n=10) age between 25-30 are selected from Kolej Mara Banting (n=25).

Exclusion criteria were set (genetic, physiological, neurological and chronic disease) because it might be affecting the anthropometric measurements (Malina & Buschang, 1984; Brill & Stier, 1999)

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MEASURING METHOD

Maximal hand grip strength (HGS) ) has been used for as a method for assessing muscles strength and functions (Bohannon, 2008).

A digital hand dynamometer (Takei, Japan) was used to measure the hand grip strength.

The subject will sit on a chair with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees and the forearm in semipronation (neutral position) lying on an arm rest. (Kuzala & Vargo, 1992)

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MEASURING METHOD

The subjects were asked to squeeze the dynamometer three times by using dominant hand.

There was a one minute resting period between each squeeze in order to overcome the fatigue.

The mean value of three squeezes was taken into account (Hager-Ross & Rosblad, 2002).

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HAND GRIP DYNAMOMETER (TAKEI, JAPAN)

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HAND GRIP STRENGTH PROCEDURE

Lateral and anterior view: the correct positioning when performed hand grip test

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DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

Table tennis players

Variables MeanStandard Deviation

Age 27.133 1.457

Experience (year) 4.2 1.014

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DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

Badminton players

Variables MeanStandard Deviation

Age 28.1 1.37

Experience (year) 4.4 1.075

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TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS

Subject age experienceHand grip measurement (kg)

Mean1st trial 2nd trial 3rd trial

1 27 5 38.8 40.6 43.4 40.92 28 5 29.9 33.1 35.5 32.83 24 4 33.7 34.6 36.4 34.94 26 3 44 43.4 41.8 43.15 27 2 39.9 43.6 40 41.26 28 5 34.6 31.9 31.9 32.87 29 5 28.7 25.9 25.4 26.78 27 5 39.6 41.1 42.6 41.19 27 5 32.5 33 31.3 32.3

10 29 5 31.6 31 36.4 33.011 29 5 44.8 40.4 44 43.112 27 4 48.8 47.2 49.9 48.613 26 4 37.9 42.4 44.5 41.614 28 3 34.3 37.3 33.3 35.015 25 3 34.8 35.8 38.7 36.4

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BADMINTON PLAYERS

Subject Age Experience

Maximal Hand Grip Measurement (kg)Mean/

Average1st trial 2nd trial 3rd trial

1 27 2 38.8 41.3 35.3 38.5

2 28 5 36.6 35.2 31.5 34.4

3 27 5 33.9 33.7 34.9 34.2

4 26 3 39.5 42.4 40.7 40.9

5 28 5 43.3 44 49 45.4

6 29 5 43.4 43.1 44.5 43.7

7 27 5 36.4 34.3 37.8 36.2

8 30 5 40.7 37 39.6 39.1

9 30 5 41.4 39.8 40.2 40.5

10 29 4 37.9 39.6 39 38.8

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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Test Purpose

Shapiro WilkTo ensure the collecting data has normal

distribution

Independent T Test To make comparison between two groups

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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

n Mean (SD) Mean difference

t value (df) P value

Table tennis 15 37.6 (5.76)1.60 -0.776 (23) 0.446

Badminton 10 39.2 (3.67)

*data is normal distributed and variance was equal between the groups

•Independent T Test

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FINDING AND DISCUSSION

The P value is more than 0.05.

We fail to reject the null hypothesis, therefore there is no significant difference hand grip strength between table tennis and badminton player group.

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FINDING AND DISCUSSION

The non significant result may be due small sample size (n=25).

We can see the badminton players value is higher compare to table tennis players.

The difference about 1.60 (badminton high about 1.6 compare to table tennis player).

Sample size calculation for further study is like below which is 54 per group. 18

CONCLUSION

Based on statistical analysis: Hand grip strength played a vital role in

racquet sports (badminton, tennis, table tennis)

In this study we believed, there are difference in grip strength among different type of racquet sports. (due to differ in efficacious usage of hands)

We suggested that for further study, hand grip strength and hand anthropometric measurement (hand breadth, hand length, hand circumference) should be included.

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REFERENCES

1. Bohannon RW. Is it legitimate to characterize muscle strength using a limited

number of measures? J Strength Cond Res 2008;22:166e73

2. Budoff, Je. The Prevalence of Rotator Cuff Weakness in Patients with Injured Hands.

J Hand Surg (2004 Nov;29(6):1154-9).

3. Fry, Ac, D Ciroslan, Md Fry, Cd Leroux, Bk Schilling, and Lz Chiu. Anthropometric

and Performance Variables Discriminating Elite American Junior Men Weightlifters.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (2006 Nov;20(4):861-6).

4. Hager-Ross C, Rosblad B. Norms of grip strength in children aged 4-16 years. Acta

Paediatr 2002; 91: 617-25. 

5. Kuzala, Ea, and Mc Vargo. The Relationship Between Elbow Position and Grip

Strength. American Journal of Occupational Therapy (1992 Jun;46(6):509-12).

6. Malina RM, Buschang PH. Anthropometric asymmetry in normal and mentally

retarded males. Ann Hum Biol 1984; 11: 515-31.20

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