the educational needs index project national overview for sheeo-nces network

The Educational Needs Index ProjectNational Overview for SHEEO-NCES Network

Houston D. Davis, Ph.D., Tennessee Board of Regents

Brian E. Noland, Ph.D., Tennessee Higher Education Commission

Patrick Kelly, National Center for Higher Education Management Systems

This research is sponsored by:

Additional thanks to:Tennessee Board of RegentsTennessee Board of Regents

Tennessee Higher Education CommissionTennessee Higher Education CommissionNational Center for Higher Education Management Systems National Center for Higher Education Management Systems

Austin Peay State UniversityAustin Peay State University

• Foundation developed in late 1990’s as a means to evaluate educational challenges in Tennessee

• Tennessee Tomorrow and the Tennessee P-16 Council

• Journal of Social Indicators Research (February 2003)

• Southern Governors Association (October 2003)

• SREB Adult Learning initiative (2004)

• Lumina grant submission and receipt (2004-05)

• Base project and regional policy audits (2005-06)

Educational Needs Index Project Development - Background

• Education and the economy are increasingly intertwined as human capital becomes a centerpiece of the knowledge economy.

• State budgets are increasingly challenged by fluctuating state revenues.

• The demographic characteristics of the states are not uniform from region to region. The current use of only state-level indicators in the planning process limits the ability of planners to differentiate between the various regions of the nation.

• Educational planning indicators need to be linked with economic and demographic variables to provide a legitimate representation of our citizens.

Educational Needs Index Foundational Constructs

• Individuals and society derive economic benefits from human capital investments in people.

• Based on the notion that education increases the human capital stock of individuals, improves their productivity, leads to increases in economic productivity, and contributes to the general betterment of society. (Denison 1983; Walberg and Zhang 1998).

• The advancement of educational attainment has become an indispensable variable in policy efforts to make improvements of society as a whole.

Human Capital Theory

• In the Knowledge Economy, education, technology, and learning are the keys to sustainable economic growth.

• Higher education provides the foundation for the Knowledge Economy.

• Elected officials must remain diligent in their efforts to make significant investments in their educational infrastructures.

• In order to remain competitive, states must work to develop policies that incorporate human, intellectual, and financial capital.

The Knowledge Economy and Higher Education

Education Factors - Percent of 18-64 Year Olds with a HighSchool Diploma, 2000

40.6% to 75.7%75.7% to 82.4%82.4% to 87.5%87.5% to 97.3%Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census

Economic Factors – Percent of the Population Age 64 andUnder Living in Poverty, 1999

Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census

15.3% to 53.8%11.3% to 15.3%8.3% to 11.3%0.0% to 8.3%

Market Factors – Projected Percent Change in the PopulationAge 64 and Under, 2000-2020

17.5% to 100.0%5.5% to 17.5%

-2.8% to 5.5%-42.6% to -2.8%

• The geographic and demographic diversity of the nation provides challenges to those planning for the delivery of private or public goods and services.

• As recently noted by the Southern Growth Policies Board, states need to build and maintain a more complete demographic profile of their workforce … This profile should take into account the educational,

economic, and population growth factors of all counties in the region, thereby providing a clear picture of workforce opportunities and challenges.

• The purpose of this research is to develop an econometric model that answers this call, thereby providing direct evidence of the link between education and social welfare.

Improving the Policy Toolbox

• Model examines the connections between educational, economic, and population characteristics at the county level

• Combines 15 county level variables that directly impact Participation rates in post-secondary education Educational attainment levels Employment patterns Socio-economic status

• Provides for state, regional, and national comparisons

Educational Needs Index Model Development and Construction

• Educational Factor – Indicators assess the educational capacity of a county’s adult population.

• Economic Factor - Indicators in this category assess the degree of economic challenges and opportunities facing counties.

• Market Demand Factor - Indicators assess the present population growth issues facing the county and potential need for increased emphasis on human capital development to address changing demographics of a county.

• Population Factor – Indicators serve as corrective variables to control for the population size of each respective county.

Educational Needs Index Factor Categories

Educational Needs Index FactorsENI Factor Categories and Associated Indicators

Education Factor (30% of ENI)

Percent of 18-64 Year Olds with a High School Diploma (2000)

Percent of 25-64 Year Olds with an Associates Degree (2000)

Percent of 25-64 Year Olds with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher (2000)

Difference in College Attainment Between Young (25-35) and Older (45-64)

Economic Factor (30% of ENI)

Unemployment Rate (2003)

Percent of Population Under 65 in Poverty (2000)

Median Family Income (2000)

Per Capita Income (2000)

Percent Manufacturing Employment (2000)

Market Demand Factor (30% of ENI)

Rate of Population Growth 64 and Under (1990 to 2000)

Projected Percent Change in 64 and Under Population 2000 to 2020

Percent of Population Ages 0 to 19 (2000)


Percent At-Risk Minority (2000)

Population Adjustment Factor (10% of ENI)

Percent of State Population Ages 0 to 44 (2000)

• What is the current level of educational attainment of the state and its respective counties?

• What is the current health of each state’s counties from an economic perspective?

• Are there counties in the state that are quickly growing and have shifting demographics that skew toward youth, young adults, or at-risk minority populations?

• What counties in the state can be identified by the ENI to be under-educated, facing economic challenges, and facing robust population growth and shifting demographics in categories of youth, young adults, or at-risk minority populations?

Educational Needs Index Key Questions

Educational Needs Index Model

The Education Factor and Its Four Indicators

Education Factor (30% of ENI)

Percent of 18-64 Year Olds with a High School Diploma (2000)

Percent of 25-64 Year Olds with an Associates Degree (2000)

Percent of 25-64 Year Olds with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher (2000)

Difference in College Attainment Between Young (25-35) and Older (45-64)

ENI – Education Factor by Quartile

Greene

Cocke

Hamblen

Jefferson

MorganAnderson

Knox

Union

BledsoeGrundy

Van Buren

Sequatchie

Meigs

BentonHumphreys

Houston

Lewis

Wayne

LawrenceGiles

Coffee

Warren

MooreMcMinn

RutherfordWilliamson

BradleyPolk

Hamilton

Lincoln

Marshall

Hardin

Decatur

McNairyHardeman

Fayette

Henderson

MadisonHaywood

Lauderdale

Tipton

Shelby

Crockett

Cheatham

MontgomeryRobertson

Monroe

Loudon Blount

Franklin Marion

Grainger WashingtonHawkinsCampbell

Claiborne Hancock

Unicoi

Carter

Sullivan JohnsonScottFentress

Overton

Pickett

Jackson

ClaySumner

HenryWeakley

ObionLake

Bedford

Cannon

Carroll

Chester

Cumberland

Davidson

DeKalb

DicksonDyer Gibson

Hickman

Macon

MauryPerry

Putnam

Rhea

Roane Sevier

Smith

StewartTrousdale

White

Wilson

Educational Needs Index for Tennessee Counties - Education Factors

Levels of Educational Need

Most CriticalCriticalLess CriticalLeast Critical

Crawford

Roscommon

Kalkaska Oscoda

Otsego

Osceola

IsabellaNewaygo

ClareLake

St. JosephBranchCass Monroe

Lenawee

Washtenaw

Hillsdale

WayneOakland

Jackson

Ingham

Kalamazoo

Berrien

CalhounVan Buren

Livingston

ClintonMacomb

LapeerSt. ClairGenesee

Gratiot

Huron

Montcalm

Midland

Kent

Mecosta

Ottawa

Muskegon

Gladwin

Bay

MasonArenac

OgemawManistee MissaukeeIoscoWexford

BenzieAlconaGrand Traverse

Leelanau

MontmorencyAlpena

Presque IsleCheboygan

Emmet

Mackinac

ChippewaSchoolcraftAlger

Delta

Menominee

Dickinson

Marquette

BaragaOntonagon

Houghton

Gogebic

Allegan

Antrim

Barry

Charlevoix

Eaton

Ionia

Iron

Keweenaw

Luce

Oceana

SaginawSanilac

Shiawassee

Tuscola

Educational Needs Index for Michigan Counties - Education Factors



White Pine

Esmeralda

Clark

LyonCarson CityDouglas

Storey

Nye

Lincoln

Lander

Eureka

Washoe

Elko

Humboldt

Churchill

Mineral

Pershing

Educational Needs Index for Nevada Counties - Education Factors



ENI – Education FactorComparison of States by Quartiles

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Lou

isia

na

Geo

rgia

Ark

ansa

sT

exas

Ten

nes

see

Ari

zona

Ken

tuck

yM

issi

ssip

pi

Wes

t_V

irgi

nia

Flo

rida

Nev

ada

Ala

bam

aSou

th_C

arol

ina

Cal

ifor

nia

New

_Mex

ico

Ala

ska

Mis

souri

Okla

hom

aV

irgi

nia

Haw

aii

Idah

oW

ashin

gton

Nor

th_C

arol

ina

India

na

Ore

gon

Mar

ylan

dC

olor

ado

New

_Jer

sey

Ohio

Sou

th_D

akot

aK

ansa

sU

tah

Illin

ois

Mic

hig

anN

ebra

ska

Mon

tana

Pen

nsy

lvan

iaW

isco

nsi

nD

elaw

are

Ver

mon

tM

aine

New

_Ham

psh

irW

yom

ing

New

_Yor

kIo

wa

Min

nes

ota

Nor

th_D

akot

aC

onnec

ticu

tM

assa

chuse

tts

Rhod

e_Is

land


The Economic Factor and Its Five Indicators

Economic Factor (30% of ENI)

Unemployment Rate (2003)

Percent of Population Under 65 in Poverty (2000)

Median Family Income (2000)

Per Capita Income (2000)

Percent Manufacturing Employment (2000)

ENI – Economic Factor by Quartile

Tuolumne

Stanislaus

San JoaquinMariposa

CalaverasMono

Amador

LakeColusa

YoloSonomaNapa

San Benito

Madera Fresno

Merced

Marin

San FranciscoContra Costa

Solano

Los Angeles

Santa Barbara

San Luis Obispo

KingsMonterey

Kern

Santa Clara

Alameda

San Mateo

Santa Cruz

Sutter

Butte

Orange

Sacramento AlpineEl Dorado

Yuba PlacerNevada

Sierra

PlumasMendocino

Tehama

Trinity

Humboldt

Del Norte

San Bernardino

ImperialSan Diego

Inyo

LassenShasta

ModocSiskiyou

Glenn

Riverside

Tulare

Ventura

Educational Needs Index for California Counties - Economic Factors



Stoddard

Ripley

ChristianLawrence

Bollinger

Madison

St. Francois

WashingtonSte. Genevieve

St. LouisSt. Louis city

St. CharlesCallaway

Boone

Livingston

CaldwellChariton

ClintonCarroll

Harrison ScotlandSchuyler Clark

Webster

Dallas Laclede

Pulaski

DunklinPemiscot

New Madrid

Mississippi

Cape Girardeau

Reynolds

Shannon

Stone

Phelps

Crawford

FranklinJeffersonMiller

CamdenHickory

MoniteauCole

Osage

Warren

Howard

Randolph

SalineLafayette

Jackson

Platte

Buchanan

Monroe

Pike

Ralls

Shelby

Holt

Andrew

Atchison

Adair

Audrain

Barry

Barton

Bates Benton

Butler

Carter

Cass

Cedar

Clay

Cooper

Dade

DaviessDeKalb

Dent

Douglas

Gasconade

Gentry

Greene

Grundy

Henry

Howell

Iron

Jasper

Johnson

Knox Lewis

Lincoln

Linn Macon

Maries

Marion

McDonald

Mercer

Montgomery

Morgan

Newton

Nodaway

OregonOzark

Perry

Pettis

Polk

Putnam

Ray

Scott

St. Clair

Sullivan

Taney

Texas

Vernon

Wayne

Worth

Wright

Educational Needs Index for Missouri Counties - Economic Factors



BerkeleyMorgan

Jefferson

Calhoun

Roane

Gilmer

Braxton

Wirt

Putnam

Cabell

LoganMingo

Boone

MineralHampshire

Marion

Harrison

MonongaliaWetzel

Marshall

Taylor

Jackson

Mason

Summers

Raleigh

Monroe

Randolph

Grant

Hancock

Brooke

Ohio

Hardy

Upshur

Lewis

Ritchie

Clay

NicholasKanawha

LincolnWayne

Fayette

Webster

Pocahontas

Greenbrier

Mercer

Barbour

Doddridge

McDowell

Pendleton

PleasantsPreston

Tucker

Tyler

Wood

Wyoming

Educational Needs Index for West Virginia Counties - Economic Factors



ENI – Economic FactorComparison of States by Quartiles

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Mis

siss

ippi

Ark

ansa

sA

labam

aL

ouis

iana

Ten

nes

see

Sou

th_C

arol

ina

Ken

tuck

yW

est_

Vir

ginia

New

_Mex

ico

Geo

rgia

Nor

th_C

arol

ina

Okla

hom

aA

rizo

na

Mis

souri

Idah

oA

lask

aC

alifor

nia

Mic

hig

anT

exas

Was

hin

gton

Ore

gon

Mai

ne

Ohio

Vir

ginia

Sou

th_D

akot

aM

onta

na

Flo

rida

India

na

Col

orad

oIl

linoi

sPen

nsy

lvan

iaV

erm

ont

Uta

hN

orth

_Dak

ota

Mar

ylan

dN

ew_Y

ork

Wis

consi

nM

innes

ota

Kan

sas

Neb

rask

aIo

wa

New

_Jer

sey

Wyo

min

gC

onnec

ticu

tD

elaw

are

Haw

aii

Mas

sach

use

tts

Nev

ada

New

_Ham

psh

ire

Rhod

e_Is

land


The Market Demand Factor and Its Five Indicators

(plus the Population Adjustment)

Market Demand Factor (30% of ENI)





Percent At-Risk Minority (2000)

Population Adjustment Factor (10% of ENI)

Percent of State Population Ages 0 to 44 (2000)

ENI – Market Demand Factor by Quartile

Choctaw

Marshall

BaldwinMobile

Escambia

Dale

Houston

Tallapoosa

Elmore

Chambers

Pike

Crenshaw

Conecuh

Monroe

Washington

Clarke

Wilcox

GreeneHale

MarengoDallas Montgomery

Lowndes

Barbour

Bullock

RussellMacon

Lee

CoosaChilton

Bibb

Perry

Sumter

TuscaloosaShelby Clay

St. ClairCalhoun

Cleburne

CherokeeEtowah

Blount

CullmanMarion

LawrenceMorgan

Madison

DeKalb

JacksonLimestone

Colbert

Lauderdale

Autauga

Butler

Coffee

Covington

Fayette

Franklin

Geneva

Henry

Jefferson

Lamar

Pickens RandolphTalladega

Walker

Winston

Educational Needs Index for Alabama Counties - Market Factors



Greenlee

Graham

Santa Cruz

Maricopa

Pima

Yuma

La Paz

Pinal

Gila

Yavapai

Mohave

ApacheCoconino

Cochise

Navajo

Educational Needs Index for Arizona Counties - Market Factors



Henderson

Warren

Putnam

Livingston

La SalleBureau

Tazewell

Mason De Witt

Peoria

McDonough

ChampaignPiatt

Vermilion

Moultrie

Coles

Cumberland

Clark

BondFayette

Madison

WayneEdwards

Richland

Jefferson

WabashLawrence

WhiteMonroe

Randolph

St. Clair

Perry

JacksonFranklin

Washington

Union

Williamson

PulaskiMassac

Johnson

Alexander

Pope Hardin

Hamilton

Gallatin

Saline

Clinton

Crawford

Effingham

MontgomeryMacoupin

GreeneCalhoun

Scott

Jersey

Pike

Morgan

Ford

SangamonBrown Cass

Schuyler

Adams

Hancock

Fulton

Knox Stark

Henry

Woodford

Kankakee

GrundyMercer

Rock Island Will

Kendall

DuPageDeKalbCook

Carroll

Stephenson

Ogle

Jo Daviess Winnebago McHenryBoone Lake

Christian

Clay

DouglasEdgar

Iroquois

Jasper

Kane

Lee

Logan

Macon

Marion

Marshall

McLean

Menard

Shelby

Whiteside

Educational Needs Index for Illinois Counties - Market Factors



ENI – Market Demand FactorComparison of States by Quartiles

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Ari

zona

Uta

hD

elaw

are

Geo

rgia

New

_Mex

ico

Cal

ifor

nia

Mis

siss

ippi

Ala

ska

Col

orad

oN

evad

aFlo

rida

Idah

oSou

th_C

arol

ina

Tex

asL

ouis

iana

Mar

ylan

dW

ashin

gton

Nor

th_C

arol

ina

Ala

bam

aO

rego

nV

irgi

nia

Ten

nes

see

Haw

aii

New

_Jer

sey

Sou

th_D

akot

aM

innes

ota

Ark

ansa

sM

assa

chuse

tts

Okla

hom

aK

entu

cky

Mis

souri

India

na

Illin

ois

Mon

tana

Kan

sas

Ohio

Wyo

min

gM

ichig

anN

ew_Y

ork

Nor

th_D

akot

aN

ebra

ska

Wis

consi

nPen

nsy

lvan

iaIo

wa

Wes

t_V

irgi

nia

New

_Ham

psh

irC

onnec

ticu

tV

erm

ont

Rhod

e_Is

land

Mai

ne

ENI – Overall Analysis by Quartile

Greenlee

Graham

Santa Cruz

Maricopa

Pima

Yuma

La Paz

Pinal

Gila

Yavapai

Mohave

ApacheCoconino

Cochise

Navajo

Educational Needs Index for Arizona Counties



GilmerMurray

Fannin

FranklinBanks

StephensHabersham

Calhoun

Randolph

Clay

Early Baker

Terrell

Webster

DeKalb

Gwinnett

ClaytonRockdale

Cobb

Newton

Lanier

Lowndes

Cook

Clinch

Bulloch

Effingham

Bryan

Candler

Thomas

Brooks

Mitchell

Grady

Chattahoochee

MuscogeeMarion

SchleyStewart

White

Hall

Madison

ClarkeOglethorpe

OconeeWilkes

Richmond

McDuffie

Glascock

GreeneMorgan Columbia

Warren

Lincoln

Barrow

Walton

Baldwin

Hancock

WashingtonJones

LamarPike

Upson

Spalding Butts

Monroe

Atkinson

Coffee

Ware

Berrien

MeriwetherTroup

Harris

Fulton

Douglas

Fayette Henry

Paulding

Coweta

Carroll

Jefferson

Quitman

Ben Hill

Telfair

Irwin

Wilcox

Echols

JasperHeard

Johnson

EmanuelLaurens

Wilkinson Jenkins

Chatham

Liberty

Long

Talbot

Whitfield

Chattooga

Walker

Catoosa TownsRabun

Union

Lumpkin

Dawson

Crawford

Peach

BleckleyHouston Treutlen

Montgomery

WheelerToombs

TattnallDodge

Jeff Davis

Seminole

Decatur

Pulaski

Worth

Charlton

Brantley

Wayne

Dooly

Burke

ForsythBartowFloyd

Dade

Appling

Bacon

Bibb

Camden

Cherokee

Colquitt

Crisp

Dougherty

Elbert

Evans

Glynn

Gordon

Haralson

Hart

Jackson

Lee

Macon

McIntosh

Miller

Pickens

Pierce

Polk

Putnam

Screven

Sumter

Taliaferro

Taylor

Tift

Turner

Twiggs

Educational Needs Index for Georgia Counties



Marshall

LyonMcCracken

CampbellKenton

Pendleton

Boone

BrackenMason

FlemingHenry

Carroll

RowanBath

Nicholas

Morgan

Wolfe Magoffin

Breathitt

Johnson

FloydEstill

Madison

JacksonGarrard

Mercer

Boyle

OwsleyPike

Perry

Letcher

Knott

Whitley

McCreary

KnoxWayne

EdmonsonButler

Warren

Henderson

Union

Webster

Hopkins

Caldwell

Crittenden

Christian

Todd

Livingston

Fulton

Hickman

Cumberland

Metcalfe

ClintonMonroe

Barren

Washington

Nelson

Anderson

Boyd

Greenup

GreenTaylor

McLean

Daviess

Lewis

FayetteWoodford

Larue

Hardin

Meade

BreckinridgeHancock

Allen

Lawrence

Martin

HarlanBellSimpson

Logan

Calloway

Carlisle

AdairBallard

Bourbon

Bullitt

Carter

Casey

Clark

Clay

ElliottFranklin

Gallatin

Grant

Graves

Grayson

Harrison

Hart

Jefferson

Jessamine

Laurel

Lee

Leslie

Lincoln

Marion

MenifeeMontgomery

Muhlenberg

Ohio

Oldham

Owen

Powell

Pulaski

Robertson

Rockcastle

Russell

ScottShelby

Spencer

Trigg

Trimble

Educational Needs Index for Kentucky Counties



Pearl RiverStone

JacksonHarrison

Hancock

Humphreys

Carroll

Holmes

Washington

Montgomery

Choctaw

GrenadaWebster

Lamar

ForrestMarion

Covington

LawrenceJefferson Davis

Simpson

Lincoln

Copiah

AmiteWalthall

Claiborne

Jefferson

Lauderdale

Newton

Madison

YazooNeshoba

Leake

Winston

Scott

Attala

LowndesOktibbeha

Sunflower

Bolivar

Yalobusha ChickasawCalhoun

Pontotoc

Monroe

Quitman

Panola

Coahoma

Lafayette

Itawamba

TunicaTate

DeSoto

Prentiss

TishomingoTippah

Alcorn

Wilkinson

Adams

SmithJasper

ClarkeRankin

Hinds

Warren

SharkeyIssaquena

Clay

Benton

Marshall

Franklin

George

Greene

Jones

Kemper

Lee

Leflore

Noxubee

PerryPike

Tallahatchie

Union

Wayne

Educational Needs Index for Mississippi Counties



GuadalupeBernalillo

Cibola

Lincoln

De Baca

Santa Fe

Harding

Luna

SandovalMcKinley

Socorro

Grant

Hidalgo

Otero

Chaves

Lea

Roosevelt

Curry

Quay

San Miguel

Mora

UnionRio Arriba

Catron

Colfax

Dona Ana Eddy

Los Alamos

San Juan

Sierra

Taos

TorranceValencia

Educational Needs Index for New Mexico Counties



Greene

Cocke

Hamblen

Jefferson

MorganAnderson

Knox

Union

BledsoeGrundy

Van Buren

Sequatchie

Meigs

BentonHumphreys

Houston

Lewis

Wayne

LawrenceGiles

Coffee

Warren

MooreMcMinn

RutherfordWilliamson

BradleyPolk

Hamilton

Lincoln

Marshall

Hardin

Decatur

McNairyHardeman

Fayette

Henderson

MadisonHaywood

Lauderdale

Tipton

Shelby

Crockett

Cheatham

MontgomeryRobertson

Monroe

Loudon Blount

Franklin Marion

Grainger WashingtonHawkinsCampbell

Claiborne Hancock

Unicoi

Carter

Sullivan JohnsonScottFentress

Overton

Pickett

Jackson

ClaySumner

HenryWeakley

ObionLake

Bedford

Cannon

Carroll

Chester

Cumberland

Davidson

DeKalb

DicksonDyer Gibson

Hickman

Macon

MauryPerry

Putnam

Rhea

Roane Sevier

Smith

StewartTrousdale

White

Wilson

Educational Needs Index for Tennessee Counties



Eastland

ComancheCallahan

Erath

Shackelford Palo P intoStephens

Hemphill

WheelerGray

RobertsLipscomb

CookeGrayson

CollinDenton

Wise

MontagueFannin

Hopkins

Delta

Lamar

CampMorris

Titus

Marion

Bowie

UpshurWood

HarrisonVan Zandt

Red River

Cass

LovingWinkler

WardCulberson

El Paso

GillespieBlanco

Kendall

KimbleWilliamson

Milam

Robertson

LeeBurleson

BurnetBrazos

Angelina

San Augustine

Sabine

JasperTrinity

Houston

Polk Tyler Newton

Jackson

Wharton

VictoriaDe Witt

Calhoun

HamiltonColemanBrown

Hood

Bosque

WallerAustin

MontgomeryWashington

ShelbyNacogdoches

PanolaRuskCherokee

Anderson

GreggSmithHenderson

BrooksJim Hogg

Duval

Kenedy

Rains

JeffersonLiberty

Chambers

Orange

Dickens

Kent

KingCrosby

CottleFloyd

Fayette

Wilbarger

Knox

Foard Wichita

Kaufman

Zapata

Starr

Mcmullen

Live Oak

Atascosa Karnes

La Salle

Bandera

San Jacinto

MclennanLimestone

Hill

LeonReagan

Irion

GlasscockUpton

Crockett

CokeTom Green

Concho

Mcculloch

Midland Sterling

Ector

CraneLampasas

Runnels

TaylorNolan

Mitchell

HowardMartin

FisherJonesScurry

Borden

Dawson

Jim WellsWebbNueces

San PatricioAransas

San Saba

Parker

JackThrockmortonYoung

Stonewall

Haskell

GarzaLynn

Terry

Dallas

BaylorHockley

Lubbock

Yoakum

Cochran

MotleyLamb

BriscoeHall

Hale

Castro

Bailey

DonleyChildressParmer

Deaf Smith

Swisher

Randall

OldhamPotter

Carson

CollingsworthArmstrong

HutchinsonMoore

Hansford

ShermanDallam

Ochiltree

Ellis

Real

Edwards

Uvalde

Willacy

BrazoriaMedina

Bexar

Caldwell

Reeves

Pecos

Terrell

Val Verde

Maverick

Hidalgo

Refugio

Bastrop

BrewsterPresidio

Jeff Davis

Hudspeth

Andrews

Archer

Bee

Bell

Cameron

Clay

Colorado

Comal

Coryell

Dimmit

Falls

Fort Bend

Franklin

Freestone

Frio

Gaines

Galveston

Goliad

Gonzales

Grimes

Guadalupe

Hardeman

Hardin

Harris

Hartley

Hays

Hunt

Johnson

Kerr

Kinney

Kleberg

Lavaca

Llano

Madison

Mason

Matagorda

Menard

Mills

Navarro

Rockwall

Schleicher

Somervell

Sutton

Tarrant

Travis

Walker

Wilson

Zavala

Educational Needs Index for Texas Counties



Thurston

Kitsap

YakimaFranklin

Walla Walla

Columbia

Garfield

Pend OreilleFerry

Stevens

SpokaneLincoln

AdamsWhitman

AsotinBentonWahkiakum

Cowlitz Skamania

Klickitat

KittitasGrant

Douglas

Chelan

OkanoganSkagit

King

Pierce

Pacific

Grays Harbor

Mason

Jefferson

Clallam

Island

San Juan

Clark

Lewis

Snohomish

Whatcom

Educational Needs Index for Washington Counties



ENI Overall AnalysisComparison of States by Quartiles

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Lou

isia

na

Mis

siss

ippi

Ari

zona

Del

awar

eG

eorg

iaN

ew_M

exic

oA

labam

aSou

th_C

arol

ina

Ten

nes

see

Ark

ansa

sK

entu

cky

Ala

ska

Tex

asU

tah

Cal

ifor

nia

Flo

rida

Idah

oN

orth

_Car

olin

aO

kla

hom

aW

est_

Vir

ginia

Mis

souri

Rhod

e_Is

land

Nev

ada

Col

orad

oW

ashin

gton

Vir

ginia

Ore

gon

Sou

th_D

akot

aM

aryl

and

India

na

Mon

tana

Ohio

Nor

th_D

akot

aN

ew_J

erse

yK

ansa

sN

ebra

ska

Illin

ois

New

_Yor

kM

ichig

anPen

nsy

lvan

iaW

isco

nsi

nH

awai

iC

onnec

ticu

tV

erm

ont

Wyo

min

gM

aine

New

_Ham

psh

ire

Min

nes

ota

Iow

aM

assa

chuse

tts

Educational Needs Index Project

ENI Model and Data for All U.S. Counties

Additional Analysis of PUMS Data for Selected Counties/Regions

Field Visits/Policy Audits for Selected Urban and Rural Regions

Final report to be published by Lumina and include national highlights, region profiles, analysis of best practices, and policy

recommendations.

Southeastern Kentucky and Northeastern Tennessee

Southeastern Kentucky and Northeastern Tennessee

Educational Needs Index (ENI) and Examples of Supporting Data Employed in Regional

Policy Audits

Southeastern Kentucky and Northeastern Tennessee Counties and 5% PUMS Areas – High ENI Region

Kentucky Counties

Bell

Harlan

Knox

Whitley

Tennessee Counties

Campbell

Claiborne

Hancock

Morgan

Scott

Percent of State Population Ages 0 to 44 (%)

Percent Minority (%) 2000


Percent of Population Ages 20 to 44 (%) - 2000

Percent of Population Ages 0 to 19 (%) - 2000


Percent Manufacturing Employment (%) 2000

Per Capita Personal Income - 2000 ($)

Median Family Income 2000 ($)

Percent of Population Under 65 In Poverty (%) 2000

Unemployment Rate (%) 2003

Difference in College Attainment Between Young and Older

Percent 25-64 Year Olds with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher (%)

Percent 25-64 Year Olds with an Associates Degree (%) 2000

Percent 18-64 Year Olds with a High School Diploma (%) 2000

Low Need High Need

Educational Needs Index – Average Index Scores for Each Measure, Southeastern KY and Northeastern TN

Education Factors

Economic Factors

Market Factors

Population Adjustment

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Educational Attainment of the Young Adult Population Ages 18 to 24 in 2000

Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Decennial Census

5.2%

23.7%

38.6%

29.5%

3.1%

11.9%

34.3%

28.6%

21.3%

4.0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

College degree

Some college, no

degree

High school graduate

(includes equivalency)

9th to 12th grade, no

diploma

Less than 9th grade

SE Kentucky and NE Tennessee U.S. Average

Educational Attainment of the Adult Population Ages 25 to 64 in 2000


4.4%

5.1%

3.5%

13.8%

38.3%

19.8%

15.1%

9.4%

17.1%

7.2%

22.3%

27.8%

10.7%

5.4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Graduate or professional

degree

Bachelor's degree

Associate degree

Some college, no degree

High school graduate

(includes equivalency)

9th to 12th grade, no

diploma

Less than 9th grade


Percent of the Population In Poverty, 2000


11.5%

8.5%

11.1%

14.8%

16.9%

17.6%

18.2%

22.4%

19.4%

24.8%

31.4%

35.5%

37.7%

36.0%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

75 years and over

65 to 74 years

18 to 64 years

12 to 17 years

6 to 11 years

5 years

Under 5 years

U.S. SE Kentucky and NE Tennessee

Percent Employment by Occupation in 2000


14.6%

9.4%

0.7%

26.7%

14.9%

20.2%

13.5%

24.8%

14.4%

1.0%

21.9%

15.1%

15.7%

7.0%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Production, transportation, andmaterial moving occupations:

Construction, extraction, andmaintenance occupations:

Farming, fishing, and forestryoccupations

Sales and office occupations:

Service occupations:

Professional and relatedoccupations:

Management, business, andfinancial operations

occupations:


Percent Employment by Industry in 2000


4.8%

4.9%

7.9%

19.9%

9.3%

6.9%

3.1%

5.2%

11.7%

3.6%

14.1%

6.8%

1.9%

4.6%

4.1%

6.1%

22.2%

3.8%

3.4%

1.5%

5.8%

12.6%

2.3%

20.0%

8.4%

4.9%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Public administration

Other services (except public administration)

Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services:

Educational, health and social services:

Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and wastemanagement services:

Finance, insurance, real estate and rental and leasing:

Information

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities:

Retail trade

Wholesale trade

Manufacturing

Construction

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining:


Average Annual Earnings (18 to 64 Year Olds) by Level of Educational Attainment – 2000

Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Public Use Microdata Samples (based on the 2000 Census)

$42,465

$66,242

$36,524

$33,997

$28,248

$19,269

$19,221

$16,924

$74,061

$95,891

$61,866

$51,453

$36,476

$32,783

$28,145

$21,882

$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000

Doctorate

Professional

Masters

Bachelor's

Associates

Some College

High School

Less than High School


Difference in Average Annual Earnings Between College Graduates and High School Graduates– 2000


$9,027

$14,776

$8,330

$23,307

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

Additional Earnings For an Associates Additional Earnings For a Bachelor's

SE Kentucky and NE Tennessee US Average

Average Annual Earnings (18 to 64 Year Olds) by Occupation, 2000


40,182

26,089

50,521

31,516

35,741

19,041

58,586

23,888

21,427

34,920

13,921

25,756

8,728

12,365

12,140

16,429

16,163

11,553

24,600

26,015

18,928

21,542

64,962

48,912

55,288

54,243

47,669

32,063

74,961

35,023

41,952

54,283

20,723

37,017

17,120

20,526

20,599

40,115

26,903

17,750

31,178

34,713

28,823

29,159

$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000

Management

Business and Financial Operations

Computer and Mathematical

Architecture and Engineering

Life, Physical, and Social Science

Community and Social Services

Legal

Education, Training, and Library

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical

Healthcare Support

Protective Service

Food Preparation and Serving Related

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance

Personal Care and Service

Sales and Related

Office and Administrative Support

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry

Construction and Extraction

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair

Production

Transportation and Material Moving

US Average

SE Kentucky and NE Tennessee

Net Migration of 18 to 64 Year Olds by Educational Attainment (1995 to 2000)


-269

174

-105

19

-934

-421

-64

-182

1,244

-1,500 -1,000 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500

Total

Doctorate Degree

Professional Degree

Masters Degree

Bachelors Degree

Associate Degree

Some College

High School

Less than High School

Net Migration of 18 to 64 Year Olds by Occupation (1995 to 2000)


-314

-226

-197

-178

-173

-158

-144

-131

-116

-103

-96

-75

-74

-23

36

44

57

63

82

103

146

170

976

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Office and Administrative Support

Healthcare Support

Production

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media

Business and Financial Operations

Transportation and Material Moving

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical

Community and Social Services

Protective Service

Computer and Mathematical

Legal

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance

Architecture and Engineering

Education, Training, and Library

Life, Physical, and Social Science

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair

Construction and Extraction

Personal Care and Service

Sales and Related

Food Preparation and Serving Related

Management

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry

No Occupation (Not Working in 2000)

Educational Needs Index Urban and Rural Policy Audits

Rural Targets

Urban Targets

• Shared with NCHEMS, SHEEO, WICHE, SREB, and MHEC

• Visit state SHEEO agencies

• Rural and urban site visits: provide in-depth analysis of expanded data set environmental scan examination and discussion of best practices and public

policy intervention site visits include meetings and focus groups with key

policy-makers and other regional officials

Educational Needs IndexRegional Research Strategy

• Regional education organizations using the ENI in their outreach and policy/planning discussions

• Project has aided several organizations in the development of grant proposals and building a case for need and importance of selected areas

• Institutional researchers have found the ENI to be helpful in strengthening the depth and scope of their environmental scanning activities

• Educational systems seeking the establishment of P-16 regional networks have employed the ENI in raising awareness of the growing importance of partnerships.

• Various education, economic development, and advocacy groups have found the comparison data at local, regional, and state levels to be particularly useful in public presentations seeking to inform the public debate surrounding the relationship between education and the economy

Educational Needs IndexImproving the Policy Toolbox

For additional information on the Educational Needs Index contact:

Dr. Houston Davis, Tennessee Board of Regents

[email protected] or 615/366-3975

Dr. Brian Noland, Tennessee Higher Education Commission


Mr. Patrick Kelly, NCHEMS


For detailed information about ENI visit:

http://www.educationalneedsindex.com

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.educationalneedsindex.com/

the educational needs index project national overview for sheeo-nces network

Documents