The Colonies Come of The Colonies Come of AgeAge

Chapter 3Chapter 3

England and its England and its ColoniesColonies

Chapter 3 section 1Chapter 3 section 1

EnglanEngland and d and

its its ColonieColonie

s s ProsperProsper

The theory of mercantilism is what sparked the interests of the English in The theory of mercantilism is what sparked the interests of the English in establishing colonies. establishing colonies. MercantilismMercantilism = a = a country’s ultimate goal is self-country’s ultimate goal is self-sufficiency and that all countries were in competition to acquire the most sufficiency and that all countries were in competition to acquire the most gold and silver.gold and silver.

Countries wanted more gold coming in than out. The British felt Countries wanted more gold coming in than out. The British felt the American colonies were a good place to trade goods. There the American colonies were a good place to trade goods. There were plenty of raw materials there.were plenty of raw materials there.

The Navigation The Navigation ActsActs

In the 1600’s the colonies were sending large amounts of furs, tobacco, In the 1600’s the colonies were sending large amounts of furs, tobacco, lumber, and other things to England. But the lumber, and other things to England. But the colonists were also selling colonists were also selling some goods to other countriessome goods to other countries. This helped the colonists make extra . This helped the colonists make extra money.money.

The The English saw this as a threatEnglish saw this as a threat. . In 1651In 1651, the , the British ParliamentBritish Parliament, the country’s , the country’s legislative body, legislative body, passedpassed the Navigation Acts. The Navigation Acts were the Navigation Acts. The Navigation Acts were a a series of laws that restricted trade for the colonistsseries of laws that restricted trade for the colonists..

The acts were favorable to the English in that by The acts were favorable to the English in that by restricting trade with England, the English dock workers restricting trade with England, the English dock workers were in demand. This meant more jobs. Shipbuilding were in demand. This meant more jobs. Shipbuilding also began to boom.also began to boom.

Colonists did not like the Navigation ActsColonists did not like the Navigation Acts. It cut into their . It cut into their profits. profits. Many of them began to smuggleMany of them began to smuggle. . In 1684In 1684, King , King Charles II Charles II began to crackdown began to crackdown on these people on these people in in Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

The The English were having a hard time getting the English were having a hard time getting the Puritans there to obey there laws.Puritans there to obey there laws. So they revoked the So they revoked the Puritan Puritan chartercharter. . Massachusetts then became a royal Massachusetts then became a royal colonycolony, under the control of the crown. , under the control of the crown.

The Dominion of The Dominion of New EnglandNew England

James II James II came into came into power in 1665.power in 1665.

He He placed the placed the Northern colonies Northern colonies under a single ruler under a single ruler in Bostonin Boston..

All the land from All the land from Maine to New Maine to New Jersey Jersey became one became one big colony called big colony called the the Dominion of Dominion of New EnglandNew England..

The The Dominion Dominion

of New of New EnglandEngland

James II chose James II chose Sir Sir Edmund AndrosEdmund Andros, an , an aristocrat aristocrat to ruleto rule. He . He was not the nicest was not the nicest person. person. “You have no “You have no more privileges left more privileges left you, than not to be you, than not to be sold for slaves.” sold for slaves.” Puritans disliked him Puritans disliked him because he because he questioned the questioned the lawfulness of their lawfulness of their religion.religion.

He enforced He enforced the Navigation the Navigation Acts.Acts.

Punished Punished smugglers.smugglers.

Restricted Restricted assembliesassemblies..

The Puritans The Puritans tried to send a tried to send a minister back minister back to England to to England to have him have him removed, but removed, but they were they were unsuccessful.unsuccessful.

Glorious Glorious RevolutionRevolution

King James II King James II was unpopular in the colonies. The fact that he was unpopular in the colonies. The fact that he was Catholic and was Catholic and disrespected Parliament disrespected Parliament made him liked less back in England. made him liked less back in England.

When he had a son in 1688 the British decided that they could not have When he had a son in 1688 the British decided that they could not have a Catholic Dynastya Catholic Dynasty..

The The Parliament invited Parliament invited William of Orange from William of Orange from Holland and his wife Mary Holland and his wife Mary to take over the country.to take over the country.

William was the husband William was the husband of James Protestant of James Protestant daughter Mary.daughter Mary.

King James II fled the country and they took the throne.King James II fled the country and they took the throne.

A series of laws were passed by A series of laws were passed by parliamentparliament which which established its established its laws over the Monarchy. laws over the Monarchy. This series of events was known as the This series of events was known as the Glorious Revolution.Glorious Revolution.

When the When the colonistscolonists heard about the heard about the Glorious Revolution, Glorious Revolution, they had their own they had their own bloodless revolt.bloodless revolt.

They They arrested Andros arrested Andros and his royal and his royal councilorscouncilors..

Parliament gave them back their charter, but required the Parliament gave them back their charter, but required the Puritans to be more tolerant to other religionsPuritans to be more tolerant to other religions and made and made them allow non-puritan representation in the colonial them allow non-puritan representation in the colonial assembly. So the assembly. So the Puritans could no longer persecute Puritans could no longer persecute Quakers and AnglicansQuakers and Anglicans..

England Loosen its ReignsEngland Loosen its Reigns

In 1688, England stopped worrying about the colonies In 1688, England stopped worrying about the colonies and began concentrating on France. For they were and began concentrating on France. For they were competing with England over control of Europe. The competing with England over control of Europe. The colonies were making England money so they did not colonies were making England money so they did not worry about sending soldiers over to enforce laws.worry about sending soldiers over to enforce laws.

VS

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect After the Glorious After the Glorious

Revolution Revolution England tried to England tried to strengthen the strengthen the Navigation ActNavigation Act by by

1.1. Trying smugglers Trying smugglers by English judgesby English judges

2.2. Creating a Board Creating a Board of Trade to of Trade to monitor colonial monitor colonial Trade.Trade.

The judges were not to hard on the smugglers. The officials only The judges were not to hard on the smugglers. The officials only lightly enforced the new measures.lightly enforced the new measures.

Salutary Neglect Salutary Neglect became known as the became known as the policy of Parliament not policy of Parliament not supervising the colony closely as long as raw materials continued supervising the colony closely as long as raw materials continued flowing flowing into the homeland and the colonists continued to buy into the homeland and the colonists continued to buy English-produced goods.English-produced goods.

Governors of the colonies were put in charge by the Governors of the colonies were put in charge by the king. The colonial assembly paid the governors salary.king. The colonial assembly paid the governors salary.

So the colonialists influenced the governors by ways like the approval of laws and So the colonialists influenced the governors by ways like the approval of laws and appointments of judges. This appointments of judges. This gave the colonists a taste of self government.gave the colonists a taste of self government.

The colonists still The colonists still considered considered themselves British themselves British subjects They subjects They wanted to benefit wanted to benefit the British Empire as the British Empire as well as themselves.well as themselves.

The colonies did not The colonies did not have much in have much in common with one common with one another. The another. The Northern and Northern and Southern colonies Southern colonies were developing were developing different societies different societies altogether.altogether.