age of exploration & 13 colonies

Age of Exploration“Europeans Set Sail”

Week 1

1

Immersion Check

• Have I acknowledged the source for the information I have written down?

• How do I know if the information I have written down goes with a key term or a main idea?

• What terms and main ideas do I still need to gather more research on?

2

Key Terms

• Prince Henry the Navigator • Christopher Columbus • Vasco da Gama • caravel • astrolabe • cartography

3

Main Ideas

1.What was the Age of Exploration? What reasons did European nationshave for wanting to explore new worlds?

2. Why did European leaders and explorers want to find a sailing traderoute to Asia instead of continuing to use the overland trade route?

3.Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of theworld at his time.

4.What technological inventions and improvements promoted the Age ofExploration?

5.Identify Christopher Columbus and explain his significance to theevents of the world at his time

4

Main Idea #1

5

Main Idea #1

• How would you define the Age of Exploration?

5

Main Idea #1

• How would you define the Age of Exploration?

• What reasons did European nations have for wanting to explore new worlds?

5

Age of Exploration

Reasons

• Gain economic wealth

• Spread the Christian Religion

• Intellectual Curiosity

6

Main Idea #2

• Why did European leaders and explorers want to find a sailing trade route to Asia instead of continuing to use the overland trade route?

7

SPICES

8

SPICES In the 1400s, there was no refrigeration. To prevent meat from spoiling, people would drown their meat in salt to preserve and dry it (like beef jerky). They also used a lot of spices like pepper to cover up the taste of the salted or spoiled meat.

8

SPICES In the 1400s, there was no refrigeration. To prevent meat from spoiling, people would drown their meat in salt to preserve and dry it (like beef jerky). They also used a lot of spices like pepper to cover up the taste of the salted or spoiled meat.

Ancient Romans used to pay $125 for 12 ounces of pepper. The pepper in your local supermarket would have paid for a year's rent.

8

Main Idea #3 & #4

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Main Idea #3 & #4

• Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of the world at his time.

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Main Idea #3 & #4

• Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of the world at his time.

• What technological inventions and improvements promoted the Age of Exploration?

9

Caravel

10

Vasco da Gama

11

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html

Main Idea #5

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Main Idea #5

• Identify Christopher Columbus and explain hissignificance to the events of the world at his time.

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Santa Maria

La Pinta

La Nina

13

Establishing the Southern Colonies

14

http://armstrong-history.wikispaces.com/Week+2+-+Establishing+the+Southern+Colonies

http://armstrong-history.wikispaces.com/Week+2+-+Establishing+the+Southern+Colonies

Key Terms

• In your group, discuss the key terms of Week 2. Confirm the definitions you have written, the sources, and add information as needed.

15

Success & Failures

• Divide the large piece of paper in half.

• Go through your notes and write down the factors that contributed to the success of early settlers establishing a permanent settlement.

• Go through your notes and write down the factors that contributed to the failures of settlers in establishing a colony.

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• What lessons need to be learned from the early settlers attempts that can help us in space. (REWRITE THIS)

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Week 2 SeminarThe Southern Colonies

Main Ideas

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Main Idea #1

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Main Idea #1

• What is a joint-stock company?

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Main Idea #1

• What is a joint-stock company?

• What did the owners of the Virginia Company of London hope to achieve by financing the creation of a permanent settlement in Virginia?

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- Charter - a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

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Main Idea #2

• Identify the factors that contributed to the success/failure of early colonial settlements in the New World.

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Main Idea #3

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Main Idea #3

• Compare and contrast each of the Southern colonies political, economic, religious, and social situations.

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•South Carolina

•Virginia(Jamestown)

•Maryland

•North Carolina

•Georgia (Savannah)

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Main Idea #4

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Main Idea #4

• What caused Southern colonists to favor slaves over indentured servants?

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Main Idea #4


• What allowed Africans to become slaves rather than indentured servants?

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Main Idea #4


• What allowed Africans to become slaves rather than indentured servants?

• How did Southern Colonists maintain control over their slaves?

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Indentured Servants

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Indentured Servants

• Both white and black indentured servants lived, worked, & had families together.

• 100,000 out of 130,000 people in Virginia were indentured servants

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Indentured Servants

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Indentured Servants

• Contracted workers (4 -7 years) purchased by rich aristocrats who agreed to pay off their debt.

• Master fed, clothed, & housed the servant.

• Servant received money, tools, & rights to a few acres of land at the end of their contract.

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Indentured Servants

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Indentured Servants

• Problems - Leave after a few years, not used to heavy farming or hot weather.

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Indentured Servants

• Problems - Leave after a few years, not used to heavy farming or hot weather.

• England’s economy improves in the late half of the 17th century. Fewer indentured servants for hire.

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Rise of Slavery• Strong, in-expensive, no

government protection, black skin keeps them from blending in with the rest of the crowd, permanent workers.

• Black skin became synonymous with being a slave.

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Establishing White Supremacy

“How could the ruling class break the bonds between the white and black servant class? How could the nobles enslave one race - the blacks - forever?”

-- Slavery and Miscegenation[inter-racial marriage] in America by: Linda Allen Bryant

30

A Negro Hung Alive by the Ribs to a Gallows

“Carolina authorities developed laws to keep the African American population under control. Whipping, branding, dismembering, castrating, or killing a slave were legal under many circumstances. Freedom of movement, to assemble at a funeral, to earn money, even to learn to read and write, became outlawed.”

--http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html

Carolina Slave Codes

31

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html

Triangular Trade Route

Triangular Trade Route - fueled the growth of slavery in the Americas.

• Slave traders brought Africans to the Americas

• Rum and sugar cane from the Americas went to Europe

• Sales of these products provided money to European slave traders to capture and transport more Africans to the Americas.

[Engaging Students in American History]

33

Week 3 SeminarThe New England Colonies

Main Ideas

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Main Idea #1

40

Main Idea #1

What factors led to the development of slavery in the colonies?

40

Main Idea #1

What factors led to the development of slavery in the colonies?- Lack of indentured servants

40

Main Idea #1


- Europe’s improving economy after 1650

40

Main Idea #1



- Easy availability of slaves

40

Main Idea #1




- Advantages of Blacks over Whites

40

Main Idea #1





- Church and slave codes

40

Main Idea #1





- Church and slave codes

Reference: Slaves vs Indentured Servants PDF

40

Main Idea #2Describe the conditions and common practices aboard a typical slave ship bound for the middle passage?

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Main Idea #2Describe the conditions and common practices aboard a typical slave ship bound for the middle passage?

How much better or worse was the voyage to America for those coming as indentured servants?

41

Main Idea #3

44

Main Idea #3Explain the role religion played in the establishment of the New England colonies and in daily colonial life.

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- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was to escape religious persecution.

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- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.

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- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith test.

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- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith test.

Reference: Holt Chp.3/Sec.2 PDF

44

Mayflower Compact

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Mayflower Compact

Settlers consented to follow the rules & regulations of the gov’t

for the sake of survival.

45

Mayflower Compact



Gov’t gets its power from the people it is governing.

45

Mayflower Compact



Gov’t gets its power from the people it is governing.

Foundation of the United States Constitution

45

General Court

46

Main Idea #4

47

Main Idea #4Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern colonies. What similarities and differences exist?

47


• How do the reasons for colonial settlement in the New England colonies compare to the reasons for colonial settlement in the Southern colonies?

47



• Did the first colonists in New England suffer hardships and conflicts similar to those suffered by the people at Jamestown?

47




• Who were the key members and leaders of the New England communities? Do they share any similarities to John Smith or James Oglethorpe?

47




• Who were the key members and leaders of the New England communities? Do they share any similarities to John Smith or James Oglethorpe?

• How does New England’s colonial economic system compare to the Southern colonial economic system?

47

Compare & Contrast

48

Compare & Contrast• Pilgrims struggled

through the first winter.

48



• Dependent on local natives to survive (Squanto)

48




• Pilgrims made little $, but were a strong community.

48





• Women had the right to sign contracts & own land.

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• Massachusetts Bay Company finances Puritan trip.

48







• Puritans came well prepared & faced little resistance from local American Indians.

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• Healthful climate

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• Healthful climate

• Bad soil, furs, fish, shipbuilding

48

Compare & Contrast

49

Compare & Contrast• Apprentices

49


• Male church members are the only ones who could vote.

49



• Schools to be founded in every township of 50 families.

49




• William Bradford & John Winthrop

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• William Bradford & John Winthrop

• Mayflower Compact & the General Court

49

John Winthrop1st Governor of Massachusetts

“We shall be a city set on a hill.”

A holy city that would be a model for the world.

Harmonious and selfless Christian community.

Reference:Massachusetts Bay Colony Video

50

William BradfordJohn Smith like?

http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/portrait/bradford.jpg

51



William BradfordJohn Smith like?

• Established a rationing system.

• Implemented fishing, trade, and agricultural programs.

• Negotiated peaceful relations with Narragansett Indians

• Kept the colony financially supported

Reference: ABC-CLIO, “William Bradford”


51



Squanto

http://www.mccarterfamily.com/mccarterpage/stories/stephen_hopkins/images/squanto.jpg

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Puritan LifeThe life of the colony and of its people, the clothes they should wear, the length of their hair, their labors and pastimes, were all supervised and regulated in accordance with the clergy's interpretation of the scriptures.

Reference: Pilgrims and Puritans, Part II. 10 September 2007 <http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/Pilgrims2.html>.

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http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/Pilgrims2.html




Puritan LifeBecause Christmas, New Years and other holidays were holy days in the Catholic Church, their observance was prohibited.

Since the ministers said that they could find no authority in the Bible for church weddings or church funerals, marriages were performed by civil magistrates, and the dead were buried with a sermon, a song or a prayer.

Reference: Pilgrims and Puritans, Part II. 10 September 2007 <http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/Pilgrims2.html>.

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Week 4 Puritan Dissenters

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Puritan Life•Membership restricted to those who could present evidence that they had experienced “saving grace.”

•Predestination - God had chosen who was saved and who was damned.

•Purge [get rid of] every remnant of the Roman Catholic Church ritual and practice.

•Believe that gov’t should strictly enforce public morality.

•Individual is expected to conform to the beliefs and practices of the community as defined by the elders.

Reference:Puritan Life Video

56

Roger Williams“The Puritans' Massachusetts Bay royal charter [is] invalid because the king [can] not give away land that belonged to the Indians without their consent.

[Roger Williams] compounded his unpopularity by writing a letter to King Charles I accusing him of being an ally of the Devil.”

Reference:

American History: Roger Williams. 13 September 2007 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/library/searches/ >.

58

http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/library/searches/searchdisplay.aspx?entryid=248179&fulltext=roger+williams&nav=non&specialtopicid=-1




Roger Williams

59

Roger Williams - Established the colony of Rhode Island in 1644

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i. Gov’t based on the consent of the people

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ii. Religious tolerance for all community members

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iii. Separate church & state

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iv. Respect Native Americans

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Source:

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Source:[Puritan Dissenters Video]

59

Anne Hutchinson

“People [can] be saved by complete faith in God, [your] faith [is] more important than [your] actions.”

Reference:American History: Settling for Determinism. 13 September 2007 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/lessons/topics/topicdisplay.aspx >.

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http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/lessons/topics/topicdisplay.aspx?conceptid=37&subconceptid=4&fulltext=Anne+Hutchinson&nav=non




“God’s universal law gave to man despotic

[tyrant] power over his female in due awe.”

-- John Milton

63

Anne Hutchinson

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Anne Hutchinson- Established the Portsmouth settlement in Rhode Island

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i. One’s salvation was located within oneself, not the church.

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ii. One does not need the guidance of a church or its ministers.

64




Source:

64





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Thomas Hooker

"The foundation of all authority is laid . . . in the free consent of the people. . . .”

“It is in their power, also, to set the bounds and limitations of the power and place unto which they call [their appointed government officials]."

Father of American Democracy?

66

Thomas Hooker

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Thomas Hooker- Founded the Connecticut settlement in 1635

67


i. Drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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i. Drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - Allowed non-church members to vote

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i. Drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - Allowed non-church members to vote - Outlined the powers of the general courts.

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Source:

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67

The Middle ColoniesNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, & Delaware

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New Netherlands1613

72

William PennQuakers a.k.a.

The Society of Friends

74

William PennQuakers a.k.a.

The Society of Friends

Reasons for coming?

Problems

Native Americans

Religion

Economy

74

Quakers a.k.a. “Society of Friends”

76


Everyone can have a direct relationship with God.

76



• No need for a priest, a minister, or to follow religious practices

76




• Refuse to believe in pre-destination

76





• Refused to pay taxes to the Church of England or bow down to any person of authority

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• Refused to pay taxes to the Church of England or bow down to any person of authority[New York & New Jersey Video]

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77

• Dressed plainly


77

keynote:/Users/anthonyarmstrong/Desktop/Age%20of%20Exploration%20%26%2013%20Colonies%20copy.key?id=BGSlide-138


• Dressed plainly

• Believed in the equality of men & women before God and religious tolerance


77



• Dressed plainly


• Pacifists (do not believe in war)


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• Dressed plainly


• Pacifists (do not believe in war) [Holt Chp.3/Sec.3 Middle Colonies.pdf]


77



William PennYou worship God how you want, not how another person tells you.

No law shall be made to the preference of any particular religious establishment.[Pennsylvania & Delaware Video]

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William Penn

79

William Penn

Established the colony of Pennsylvania

79

William Penn


• Limited his own power and established a representative gov’t

79

William Penn



• Promised religious freedom to all Christians

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William Penn



• Promised religious freedom to all Christians[Holt Chp.3/Sec.3 Middle Colonies.pdf]

79

Main Idea #1

How did William Penn attempt to create a colonial government that would be fair to all?

80

Main Idea #1


First Frame of Gov’t - Constitution of Pennsylvania

80

Main Idea #1



• Unlimited free enterprise (private business)

80

Main Idea #1




• Trial by jury

80

Main Idea #1




• Trial by jury

• Religious toleration

80

Main Idea #1




• Trial by jury


• Secure private property

80

Main Idea #1




• Trial by jury



• Respect Native Americans

80

Main Idea #1




• Trial by jury




• Amendments (changes to law)

80

Main Idea #1




• Trial by jury




• Amendments (changes to law)

[ABC-CLIO - William Penn]

80

MAIN IDEA #2

What different types of jobs did slaves and women in the middle colonies hold?

Slaves - Worked as skilled city laborers(blacksmiths & carpenters), as well as on farms and in the shipbuilding industry

Women - Ran farms & businesses. Worked primarily as wives & nurses

[Holt Chp.3/Sec.3 Middle Colonies.pdf]

81

Main Idea #3

On what were the economies of the middle colonies based? How does that compare to the economies of the Southern and New

England colonies?

Middle colonies have a good climate and rich fertile land.

• Staple crops - Crops that are always needed (wheat, barley, oats).

“Breadbasket of the colonies”

[Holt Chp.3/Sec.3 Middle Colonies.pdf]

82

http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/13coloniesfarm.htm

http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/13coloniesfarm.htm

“You worship God how you want, not how another person tells you.

No law shall be made to the preference of any particular religious establishment.”

84




84




“A person’s salvation is located within oneself, not in the church.”

84





It shall be a crime to restrict the religious

rights of those groups who believe

in Jesus Christ.

84





“One does not need the guidance of a church or its ministers.”



in Jesus Christ.

84



All church and non-church members have the right to vote.






in Jesus Christ.

84



All church and non-church members have the right to vote.






in Jesus Christ.

“There must be a separation of church and state in the gov’t.”

84


-- Roger Williams (Providence, Rhode Island)

85

“We all agree to follow the rules & regulations of the gov’t for the sake of

our survival.”-- Mayflower Compact



85





Secure private property, unlimited free enterprise, trial

by jury, religious toleration, no mandatory military

service.

-- William Penn (Pennsylvania) First Frame of Gov’t

85





“It is in their power, also, to set the bounds and limitations of the power and place unto which

they call [their appointed government officials]."

-- Thomas Hooker (Connecticut)Fundamental Orders of Connecticut



service.


85



"The foundation of all authority is laid . . . in the free consent of the

people. . . .”

-- Thomas Hooker (Connecticut)








service.


85



Gov’t shall be based on the consent of the people-- Roger Williams (Providence, Rhode Island)

"The foundation of all authority is laid . . . in the free consent of the

people. . . .”

-- Thomas Hooker (Connecticut)








service.


85

age of exploration & 13 colonies

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