the cold war abroad
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The Cold War Abroad. Vs. The United States. The Soviet Union. Post World War II Plans. Yalta Meeting (Feb. 1945): • European nations to be democratic, United Nations created. Post World War II Plans. Potsdam conference (July 1945): • Germany divided into 4 zones - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Vs.
The United States The Soviet Union
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Post World War II Plans• Yalta Meeting (Feb. 1945): • European nations to be democratic, United Nations created
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Post World War II Plans
• Potsdam conference (July 1945): • Germany divided into 4 zones (USA, S.U., G.B., France)
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Iron Curtain• Stalin wanted barrier around S.U.
• Eastern European nations communist, controlled by Soviets
“Satellite states”
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“From Stettin in the North to Trieste in the south, an iron curtain has descended over Europe.”
Winston Churchill to Americans in Speech
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Containment Policy
U.S. foreign policy that sought to prevent the spread of Soviet communism
George Kennan – creator of theContainment policy
Truman supported withTruman Doctrine!
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Truman Doctrine (1947)• Response to communist takeover attempt in Greece• Truman gives economic aid to countries fighting communism• $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey
Controversial example of containment
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Marshall Plan (1948-1951)• Europe needed to be rebuilt after WWII
Dresden, GermanyLondon, England
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Marshall Plan (1948-1951)• Sec. of State George Marshall--give friendly aid• economic recovery was necessary for world peace
West Germanadvertisement
The free trainof the Marshall Plan
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MarshallPlan
$12.5 billion
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Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
• S.U. and Eastern countries refuse aid
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Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• Berlin also divided into 4 zones • Soviet zone weak, others prospered and cooperated
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Marshall Plan and West Berlin
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Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• East Berliners could see difference and left • Stalin blockaded West Berlin to stop this
Soviets closed Berlin’s railway lines, canals, roads. W. Berlin had 36 days of supplies.
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Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• Allies airlift supplies until blockade ended
Lasted 11 months!
“Operation Vittles”
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Every ten minutes a plane took off with supplies for West Berlin.327 days 277,000 flights 2.5 million tons of supplies
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NATO (1949) and Warsaw Pact• defensive military alliance created • called North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Warsaw Pact created in response (S.U.and E. Europe)
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Nuclear Arms Race• 1949--Soviet Union achieves A-bomb
Russian ScientistKurchatov“Joe -1” Russian A-bomb
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Nuclear Arms Race• U.S. quadruples defense spending • 1952--U.S. invents Hydrogen "super" bomb
H-BombTest
Fireball 3 miles
18 mths. laterSoviets have it
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New Leaders
1952 Eisenhower elected1953 Stalin dies; Nikita Kruschev takes
overNuclear deterrence begins (don’t want
WWIII)
Eisenhower Kruschev
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Metacognition Statement:
I know that I know something about Cold War events.
First,
In addition,
Finally,
Now you know something that I know about Cold War events.