The CNGS Operation and Perspectives

l

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Outline

bull Introductionbull CNGS Facilitybull Performance and Operational Challengesbull Perspectivesbull Summary

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 2

st

LHC

LHC 531015 protons to LHC

1371019 protons to CERNrsquos Non-LHC Experiments

and Test Facilities

North Area

East Area

ADnTOF

CNGSISOLDE

Beam Facilities at CERN2010

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 3

41019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)

long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CER

N

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

F Pietropaolo We 950

Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA

12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

5

A Ereditato Tue 1015

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN

CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Outline

bull Introductionbull CNGS Facilitybull Performance and Operational Challengesbull Perspectivesbull Summary

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 2

st

LHC

LHC 531015 protons to LHC

1371019 protons to CERNrsquos Non-LHC Experiments

and Test Facilities

North Area

East Area

ADnTOF

CNGSISOLDE

Beam Facilities at CERN2010

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 3

41019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)

long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CER

N

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

F Pietropaolo We 950

Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA

12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

5

A Ereditato Tue 1015

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN

CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

st

LHC

LHC 531015 protons to LHC

1371019 protons to CERNrsquos Non-LHC Experiments

and Test Facilities

North Area

East Area

ADnTOF

CNGSISOLDE

Beam Facilities at CERN2010

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 3

41019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)

long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CER

N

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

F Pietropaolo We 950

Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA

12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

5

A Ereditato Tue 1015

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN

CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)

long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CER

N

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

F Pietropaolo We 950

Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA

12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

5

A Ereditato Tue 1015

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN

CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

F Pietropaolo We 950

Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA

12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

5

A Ereditato Tue 1015

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN

CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CNGS Beam at CERN

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

lt17GeVgt

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares

994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum

100kW

27

0cm1

12

5cm

Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs

Target chamber 100m

2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

CNGS Timeline until Today11

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

2011Physics runMTE tests

Modification of

ventilation system

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13

CNGS duty cycle 100

CNGS duty cycle 66

CNGS duty cycle 24

FixedTarget

2xCNGS LHC

Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)

lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program

lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Examples effect on ντ cc event

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria

Geodesic alignment

High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment

Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

CNGS Performance Monitoring

shielding

shielding

horn

ionization chamber

ionization chamber

target TBIDcollimator

BPM

beam

Intensity on TBID vs BPM

BPM [mm]

14mm collimator opening

5mm target

Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM

BPM [mm]

5mm target

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot

Central muon detector stability

Muon detector

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB

17

target

muon detectors pit 1

muon detectors pit 2

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Muon Monitors Online Feedback

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

CNGS Radiation Issues I

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area

large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)

ventilationunits

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19

Modifications during shutdown 0708

ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area

ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS

ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls

triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

De

gre

e C

els

ius

Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window

Stop of ventilation

Alarm in CCC

horntarget

collimator

beamHelium tube

Temperature probes

shielding

shielding

Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam

CNGS Radiation Issues II

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

21

CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System

After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber

ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

Target chamber

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

Radiation monitors

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot

Physics program would finish in 2015

By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot

Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA

225E19 pot

LS1

CNGS ndash Perspectives

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop

Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Summary

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos

bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012

bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation

Remote handling replacement

ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management

ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

Additional Slides

NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26

2006008E19 pot

2007008E19 pot

2008 (108 days)

178E19 pot

2009 (151 days)352E19 pot

2010 (192 days)404E19 pot

Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today

32E19 pot

Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)

Start-up Issues

Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva

• The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
• Outline
• Slide 3
• Neutrino Introduction
• Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
• CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• CNGS Primary Beam Line
• Slide 10
• CNGS Timeline until Today
• CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
• Slide 13
• CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
• Beam Position on Target
• CNGS Performance Monitoring
• Slide 17
• Muon Monitors Online Feedback
• Slide 19
• CNGS Radiation Issues II
• CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
• Slide 22
• CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
• Summary
• Slide 25
• Slide 26