thayer nationalism and the asia pacific

8/14/2019 Thayer Nationalism and the Asia Pacific

1/46

a ona sm

an

e

AsiaPacific

ProfessorCarlThayer

Presentationto

entreo

e ence an

trateg c

tu es

March10,2010


2/46

Learning

ObjectivesNationalism:Political,Social

andEconomic

factors

Fromanti

colonialism

to

Nationalismandregionalidentit toda


3/46

1. Definingthe

nation

and

nationalism

2. Emer enceofnationsasterritorialunits

3. Developmentofnationalism

.

Europeanhistoricaldevelopmentsthat

constructed?


4/46

feelingstowards

territory,

historical

ties,

,

Nation

extends

beyond

tribal

and

clan

Imaginedcommunity acommunitythatis

soc a yconstructe

y

tsmem ers

w o

imaginethemselvesaspartofalargergroup

w omt ey avenot nteracte w t ormet


5/46

Nation political

authority

embodies

popular

Europeannationalism

product

of

Enlightenment

American&FrenchRevolutions

IndustrialRevolution printinginlocal


6/46

colonialism

movements

in

Asia

during

the

late

19

th

and

Ideologytounitethepeopleinacolonyto

see

n epen ence

rom

ore gn

om nat on


7/46


8/46

Indian IndependenceMovement


9/46

BritishEast

India

Company

r s conques o su con nen

Punjab,

Peshawar,

Pathan

tribes

in

northwest 185758IndianMutiny

1858BritishruleundertheCrown

Political,economic

and

social

change


10/46

1906All

India

Muslim

League

Satyagra a Bi ar,Gurajat 1918

1919Rowlatt

Act

protests

AmritsarMassacre(April13) massoutrage

19201922noncoo erationmovement

SimonCommission(1927)


11/46

Nehrudrafts

constitution

calling

for

Dominion

Independencedeclared26January1930

GovernmentofIndiaAct1935

1942Quit

In ia

Movement

Immediateindependence,notroopsforwar


12/46

,

subcontinental

Satyagraha non

revolution/non

violence

Democracyandbasicrights

E ualit forallreli ionsandcastes

DominionofIndiatoRepublic(194750)


13/46

authority S readofCatholicism

andpowerofclergy

Largelanded

estates

led

toalienationoffarmer

1863freecompulsory

educationin

Spanish

Mixedsocialstrata


14/46

Europeaneducated

elite

SomewereFreemasons

Filipina

Promotedlocal riestsover

Friars


15/46

the

Nation)

secret

society

Ledanticolonialrevolt

bytenants

of

Church

ownedland

Twelveprovinces

Republicof

Philippines

proclaimed(June1889)


16/46


17/46

Nationalism

in China

ng ynasty,

1644-1912


18/46

ForeignWars

Britain,Japan,

Britain

France,

Russia,

Japan

Concessionsand

treaty

ports

UnequalTreaties

lossofterritory(HongKong)andtributarystates


19/46

Manchusas

barbarians

1911

Revolution RepublicofChina1912

NonHanpeoplespartofnationZhonghuaMinzu Chinese

Nationalist

Party

KuoMinTang(KMT)/Guomindang(GMD)


20/46

1. Nationalismor

freedom

fromim erialist

domination

2. Democracy

governmentbythe

people

3. PeoplesWelfare

or

Livelihood


21/46

VersaillesPeace

Conference

1919

ofterritorytoJapan

Japaneseoccupation(1930s45)

PeoplesRepublic

of

China

1949

Multiethnicstate


22/46

Monarch abolished

Localchieftans

removed

Westernandvernaculareducationintroduced

RoleofBuddhistmonks

Internalmigration

Landalienation

Agriculturecommercialized

Indianmigration


23/46

Protestsresulted

in

Burma

(a

province),

1917

18

oung en s u s ssoc a on

transformed

into

a

political

movement 1920studentsstrikeagainsteducational

reforms

192341

self

government

introduced

LowerHousefullyelected


24/46

Strikes,Saya

San

rebellion

y

BurmanintellectualsatRangoonUniversity

Burmansupremacy

Nationalist,proindependence

Assimilateethnic

minorities

Thakins(Master)astitle,formofaddress


25/46

,Shandirectly

Karenreserved

seatsinlegislature

recruitedinto


26/46

ThirtyComradesandtheBurmese

IndependenceArmy


27/46

Immediateelections,

constitutional

convention

GeneralstrikeleadstoBritishAFPFLdiscussions

,

becomesindependent


28/46

beforethe

18

th

Century?

TwoTrungSisters

Independencefrom

China(939CE)

ResistancetoMongols

Resistanceto

Ming

Dynasty


29/46

1900Indochinapacified

MatNuoclossofcountry

Coalmines

in

the

north

Plantationsinthecentre

Largericeandrubber

estatesin

south

Oppressivetaxandcorvesystem


30/46

Society EasternStud

Movement(DongDu)

EasternCapital

Free

School(vernacular)

1908taxrevolt

1912Vietnam

RestorationSociety

PhanBoi

Chau


31/46

(Romanizedscript)

Massivepublicprotests

PhanBoiChaumademajorimpacton

nationalistmovement(d.1940)

1927Vietnam

Nationalist

Party

(Vietnam

QuocDanDang)


32/46

Red Soviets 1930-31

g e- n o- e


33/46

Japanoccupies

FrenchIndochina

194045

Independenceof

Minh)


34/46

Nationalism

n n ones a


35/46

1908:Budi

Utomo

(Glorious

Endeavour)

Youth

1911SarekatIslam(IslamicUnion)

:

eague

o

uma ran

ou


36/46

1912:National

Indies

Party

1921:PartaiKomunisIndonesia(PKI)

: n ono neseo n ones a

1929:PartaiNasionalIndonesia(PNI)

YouthOath

1928

Onenation,onehomeland,onelanguage(BahasaIndonesia)


37/46

,

NetherlandsIndies

renamed

by

locals

who

GraduatesofDutchlanguageschoolstrainedin

,

1928:CongressofIndonesianWomen

politicalgroups


38/46

Euro eanruleoverthrown

Indonesiansrecruited

into

government,

Soughtsupportfromnationalistsand

Establishedmassorganisations

CreatedMasyumi

1943createdauxiliaryforces PETA


39/46

Independence

August17,1945

PancaSila(Five

Principles) In epen enceoDutchterritories

1945 Constitution

JakartaCharter

dropped


40/46


41/46

FivePrinciples

of

Peaceful

Co

existence

onuseo orce,terr tor a ntegr ty,nat onasovereignty,mutualrespect,mutualbenefit

egacyo nona gnmen an wes ern sm

TheASEANWaynormsofstatebehaviour


42/46

SecularIndia

v Muslim

Pakistan

1965War1965(Kashmirdispute)

ar r o ang a es

NonalignedbuttilttowardsSovietUnion(1971)

out

s an

ssoc at on

or

eg ona

Cooperation(SAARC)


43/46

Prolongeddecolonisation,

1946

57

, ,

SouthEastAsiaTreatyOrganization(1954)

1967AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations

Cambodianconflict(197991)


44/46

DividedChina

(1949)

LegaciesofWorldWarII(Japan)

a ances

apan,

ou

orea

Territorialdisputes(Japan/China/Korea/Russia)

o

reg ona

assoc at onSixPartyTalks(2003)


45/46

Emergenceof

East

Asian

economics

, , ,

1989:AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)

1997:ASEANPlusThree


46/46

a ona sman e

AsiaPacific

ProfessorCarlThayer

Presentationto

entre

o

e ence an

trateg c

tu es

March10,2010

thayer nationalism and the asia pacific

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