Arab-Israeli Arab-Israeli ConflictConflict

Arab Nationalism vs. Jewish Arab Nationalism vs. Jewish NationalismNationalism

Arab Israeli ConflictArab Israeli Conflict

True-FalseTrue-False– Jews believe Israel was promised to them Jews believe Israel was promised to them

by Godby God– Arabs believe Palestine is their homeland Arabs believe Palestine is their homeland

because they have lived there for because they have lived there for centuriescenturies

– Arabs and Jews have been fighting over Arabs and Jews have been fighting over this land for thousands of yearsthis land for thousands of years

– Jerusalem is a holy city for Jews, Jerusalem is a holy city for Jews, Christians, and MuslimsChristians, and Muslims

– Israel was founded after World War IIIsrael was founded after World War II

BackgroundBackground Palestinian nationalism grew with general Palestinian nationalism grew with general

Arab nationalism in the Ottoman EmpireArab nationalism in the Ottoman Empire Nationalism in Europe stimulated ideas Nationalism in Europe stimulated ideas

for a Jewish nation.for a Jewish nation. The fall of the Ottoman Empire left what The fall of the Ottoman Empire left what

is now Israel in the hands of the British is now Israel in the hands of the British Jews wanted land Jews wanted land purchased land from purchased land from

wealthy Arabs wealthy Arabs kicked out landless Arab kicked out landless Arab peasants (Palestinians) peasants (Palestinians) conflict conflict

10. Zionism 10. Zionism

Zionists: group seeking homeland for Zionists: group seeking homeland for Jews. Jews.

Conflict = between immigrant Jews and indigenous Arabs (Palestinians)

11. UN Partition Plan 11. UN Partition Plan 1947 : UN divided land into an Arab

state and a Jewish state. Arabs rejected plan, refusing existence of any Jewish state

Zionists: group seeking homeland for Jews. Conflict = between immigrant Jews and indigenous Arabs (Palestinians)

1948: David 1948: David Ben-Gurion Ben-Gurion announced announced

Israel’s Israel’s independenceindependence

Claimed by Israel: Claimed by Israel: – Golan Heights Golan Heights – East Jerusalem East Jerusalem

Claimed by Claimed by Palestinians Palestinians – Gaza Strip Gaza Strip – West Bank West Bank – East Jerusalem East Jerusalem

12 Disputed Lands

Today’s AssignmentToday’s Assignment Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages

615-622615-622

Today’s AssignmentToday’s Assignment Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages

615-622615-622

13. Arab Israeli 13. Arab Israeli ConflictsConflicts

1948 War1948 War 1967 War – 6 Day 1967 War – 6 Day

WarWar 1973 War – Yom 1973 War – Yom

Kippur WarKippur War IntifadaIntifada AssassinationsAssassinations

Camp David – Camp David – 1970s1970s– US President Jimmy US President Jimmy

CarterCarter

Oslo Accords – Oslo Accords – 1990s1990s– US President Bill US President Bill

ClintonClinton

14. Arab Israeli 14. Arab Israeli Peace EffortsPeace Efforts

WarsWars Six Day War (1967 War): Six Day War (1967 War): Israel captured Sinai Israel captured Sinai

Peninsula, Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Old Peninsula, Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Old City of Jerusalem (which Israel later annexed), City of Jerusalem (which Israel later annexed), and Gaza. The war ended by a U.N.-arranged and Gaza. The war ended by a U.N.-arranged cease-fire. The United States called on the Israelis cease-fire. The United States called on the Israelis to withdraw from occupied territories but did not to withdraw from occupied territories but did not specify how much land it should give up.specify how much land it should give up.

Yom Kippur War (1973)Yom Kippur War (1973) - Egypt and Syria - Egypt and Syria launched a joint attack on Israel on the Jewish launched a joint attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day, Yom Kippur, to regain lost territory. holy day, Yom Kippur, to regain lost territory. Caught off-guard, Israel took several days to Caught off-guard, Israel took several days to mobilize, suffering heavy casualties, but it forced mobilize, suffering heavy casualties, but it forced the opposition back. Establishes Israel as the the opposition back. Establishes Israel as the dominant military power in the region dominant military power in the region

15. Palestinian Groups 15. Palestinian Groups Palestinian Liberation Palestinian Liberation

Organization (PLO)- Organization (PLO)- 19641964 Hamas: group that governs the Hamas: group that governs the

Gaza Strip (terrorist group?) Gaza Strip (terrorist group?) – Refuse existence of Israel and Refuse existence of Israel and

Holocaust Holocaust Palestinian Authority: govern Palestinian Authority: govern

West Bank West Bank (created from PLO)(created from PLO)– International representatives of International representatives of

Palestinians Palestinians

Camp David Accords Camp David Accords 19791979

U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Egyptian Minister Menachem Begin, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat.President Anwar Sadat. Egypt and Israel Egypt and Israel signed the first peace treaty between Israel signed the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab nation. It formally ended the and an Arab nation. It formally ended the state of war that had existed between them state of war that had existed between them for 30 years. In return for Egypt's for 30 years. In return for Egypt's recognition of Israel's right to exist, Israel recognition of Israel's right to exist, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula. The two returned the Sinai Peninsula. The two nations also formally established diplomatic nations also formally established diplomatic relations. relations.

19701970

19741974

Oslo AccordsOslo Accords 1993 1993 Secret negotiations between Israel and the Secret negotiations between Israel and the

PLO resulted in a treaty that included mutual PLO resulted in a treaty that included mutual recognition, limited self-rule for Palestinians recognition, limited self-rule for Palestinians

Arafat and Israeli Prime Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Minister Yitzhak Rabin agreed to work towards agreed to work towards a Palestinian statea Palestinian state

““Road Map” to Road Map” to Peace 2003Peace 2003

A plan developed by the A plan developed by the European Union, Russia, UN, European Union, Russia, UN, and United States and and United States and presented to the Palestinian presented to the Palestinian Authority and the Israeli Authority and the Israeli government. A three phase government. A three phase peace process that culminates peace process that culminates with the creation of a with the creation of a Palestinian state.Palestinian state.

2004: 2004:

ArafaArafat Diedt Died

2005: Israel 2005: Israel began began

removing all removing all Jewish settlers Jewish settlers

from the from the occupied occupied

territories territories (Gaza)(Gaza)

16. Remaining Issues to 16. Remaining Issues to PeacePeace

Control of JerusalemControl of JerusalemPalestinian Statehood (Borders)Palestinian Statehood (Borders)Palestinian Refugees Right to Palestinian Refugees Right to

returnreturn Jewish Settlements in the West Jewish Settlements in the West

Bank Bank TerrorismTerrorism