Thailand PBN ImplementationLessons Learned

Outline

• Introduction: Challenges & Motivation

• PBN Implementation as Response to Challenges

• Supporting Elements for PBN Implementation

• Summary & Conclusion

Introduction:Challenges & Motivation

Thailand Air Traffic Demand Growth

831,910910,315

1,268,399

1,701,380

709,030776,374

1,087,193

1,465,627

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,0002

00

6

20

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Historical Forecast

Flig

ht

Mo

vem

en

t

Fiscal Year

Historical Annual Traffic Volume in Bangkok FIR Fiscal Year 2006-2015

Forecast Annual Traffic Volume - Fiscal Year 2016-2026

Overfly

Domestic

International

Total TrafficVolume

RevenueGeneratingFlights

%AAGR 2006-2015 = 8%

%AAGR 2016-2026 = 7%

Note: Assumed GDP growth rate in 2016 of 3.5% per year and GDP growth rate in 2017-2026 at 3.8% per year

Limited Access to Airports

• Many of the runway ends do not have straight-in instrument approaches.

• Some of those airports have high demand for air traffic, for example, for the top 4 provincial airports:

– Phuket

• Offset ILS

– Samui

• No ILS

– Chiang Mai and Hat Yai Airports

• ILS only at one runway end.

ICAO Assembly Resolution A37-11

• States to complete a PBN implementation plan by 2009 to achieve:-

– Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en-route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; and

– Implementation of Approach Procedures with Vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS)for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches.

• 30% by 2010; 70% by 2014, and 100% by 2016

Fleet Capability (2016)

• Navigation capability of aircraft operating in Thailand is quite advanced.

PBN Implementation as the Response to Challenges

• A Working Group was founded in May 2007

• To foster collaboration stakeholders in the implementations of PBN and GNSS

• Planning and implementation activities involve participations from

– Department of Civil Aviation (Regulator) [now the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT)]

– Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd (ANSP)

– Thai Airline Operators (Airlines)

– Thai Pilots Association (Pilots)

– Airports of Thailand Public Company (Airport Operator)

National Working Group for PBN and GNSS

• In June 2009, the Working Group approved the first Thailand PBN Implementation Plan.

• To provide stakeholders with appropriate guidance and timelines for PBN implementation

• The Plan was aligned with the APAC Regional PBN Implementation Plan developed by ICAO APAC PBN Implementation Task Force and the 2007 ICAO Assembly Resolutions.

• The Plan was revised in 2017 to be aligned with APAC Seamless ATM Plan Version 2.0

Thailand PBN Implementation Plan

PBN Procedure Design Process

PBN Procedure Design Process

Process complied with

all activities

Doc 9906 Vol. 1

PBN Approach Implementation

• February 2009, the Department of Civil Aviation has approved full operation of PBN Approach Procedures for Phuket International Airport.

• These procedures enhance safety and efficiency in the approach operation by providing straight-in approaches for the two runway ends

First PBN Approaches in Phuket

Phuket RWY 27: LLZ (1.4-deg Offset) vs PBN

Phuket RWY 09: VOR (5-deg offset) vs PBN

PBN Approach Implementation Progress

(Total 37 airports / 67 runway end)

Domestic

12 airports / 21 runway end(being designed)

International & Domestic

• 25 Airports / 46 runway end with PBN Approach in 2016• Expected to be fully completed by 2018

RNP AR APCH Implementation

• To improve accessibility to airport with terrain issues:-

- Hat Yai INTL (RWY 08)

- Krabi (RWY 14)

- Samui (RWY 17)

• By coordination with:-

- Regulator (Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand)

- Airline (Thai Air Asia / Bangkok Airways)

- Air Navigation Services Provider (AEROTHAI)

VTSS VTSG

VTSM

PBN Terminal Area Implementation

• Since the opening of Suvarnabhumi Airport (VTBS) in 2006, the SID/STAR for Bangkok TMA were designed to support single-airport operation.

• With re-openning of Don Mueang Airport (VTBD) in 2007, there was a need to redesign the SID/STARs of Bangkok TMA to accommodate dual-airport operation.

PBN Terminal Area Example: BKK TMA

• New RNAV 1 SID/STARs for Bangkok TMA since 2016 to accommodate the dual-airport operation for both Suvarnabhumi and Don MueangAirports.

• The design and implementation required collaboration efforts between air traffic control units, airlines, procedure designers and regulator.

• Improve safety, efficiency and capacity for Bangkok TMA

PBN in Terminal Area Example: BKK TMA

Bangkok TMA SID STAR (Before April 2016)

Orange: Arrival

Yellow: Departure

Bangkok TMA SID STAR (After April 2016 )

Pink: Arrival

Blue: Departure

Terminal Area Implementation Progress

International Airport Implementation Status

1. Phuket INTL (VTSP)RNAV 1

SID/STAR Completed (2013)

2. Chiang Mai INTL (VTCC)RNAV 1 and RNP 1

SID/STAR Completed (2013)

3. Chiang Rai INTL (VTCT)RNP 1

STAR Completed (2013)

4. Suvarnabhumi INTL (VTBS)RNAV 1

SID/STAR Completed (2016)

5. Don Mueang INTL (VTBD)RNAV 1

SID/STAR Completed (2016)

6. U-Thapao INTL (VTBU)Being Designed (Target 2018)

7. Hat Yai INTL (VTSS)Being Designed (Target 2018)

Remarks:-• RNAV 1 in Surveillance environment.• RNP 1 in Surveillance and Non-Surveillance environment.

PBN En-RouteImplementation

PBN En-route Example: Y13-Y16 (2016)

Improve Flow Capacity East of BKK TMA

Thailand En-route implementation Progress

Asia Pacific Seamless ATM Plan Phase 1 Phase 2

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

En-Route

RNAV 5

RNAV 2

Possible RNP 2

• 20 RNAV 5 Routes (17 domestic, 3 international) established

• More RNAV 5 international routes planned for 2017 based on Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) concept via Civil Military Air Traffic Management Coordination (CMAC)

• Two new RNAV 2 routes planned for 2017 – 2018

• RNP 2 in 2020-2022 timeframe

Supporting Elements for PBN Implementation

Training for PBN Implementation Personnel

• Flight Procedure Designers

• Flight Validation Pilots & Engineers

• Air Traffic Controllers

Pilot Simulator ATC Simulator

AutomationDesign Tools

Flight Procedure Designer Training

Flight Procedure Designers

• 10 procedure designers trained in Basic PANS-OPS and PBN

[ICAO FPP Beijing / ENAC France/ SAA Singapore]

• 10 procedure designers trained in Advance PBN (Baro-VNAV & RNP AR APCH)

[In-house by Air Navigation Institute (ANI)]

• Ab initio Training– Basic Aviation course– AIS Cartography

• Initial Training– Basic PANS-OPS– PBN

• Recurrent Training• Refresher Training• On-the-job Training

(OJT)– In-house OJT

• Advanced Training– RNP AR APCH

Flight Procedure Designer TrainingFlight Procedure Designer Training

Doc 9906 Vol. 2

Flight Validation Crew Training

Flight Validation Crew

• 4 Pilots trained in PBN Flight Validation

[ICAO FPP Beijing]

• 2 Engineers trained in Basic PANS-OPS and PBN

[ICAO FPP Beijing]

• 2 Engineers trained in Advance PBN (RNP AR APCH)

[Air Navigation Institute (ANI)]

ATC Training

Air Traffic Controllers

• ATC trained in PBN concept overview

• ATC trained in PBN operational procedures and real-time ATC Simulator before implementation (Typically 1-2 Days)

Procedure Design Automation Tools:-• 2 PANADES• 3 FPDAM and 1 AeroDB (AIXM database)

Design Reporting Tool:-• Spread Sheet (Excel)

Charting Tool:-•AutoCAD Civil 3D

Ground Validation tool:-•Universal Avionics Flight Planning

Procedure Design Support Tools

Flight Validation Fleet

Pre-Flight Validation

Form

Flight Validation and Data Recorder

Post-Flight Validation

Form

• Beechcraft Super King air 350 x 2

- Supporting for PBN Flight Validation

- En-route (RNAV 5 / RNAV 2 / RNP 4 / RNP 2 )

- Terminal (RNAV 1 / RNP 1)

- Approach (RNP APCH with Baro VNAV)

• More aircraft is under procurement process to support GBAS flight validation capability.

GNSS Monitoring Stations

• GNSS Monitoring Stations (7 Stations)

- Chiang Mai

- Phitsanulok

- Bangkok

- Suratthani

- Hat Yai

- Udonthani

- Ubon Ratchathani

GPS RAIM Prediction Website

• GPS RAIM Prediction Service within Bangkok FIR

- www.netra.aero

GPS RAIM Outage Prediction NOTAM

• GPS RAIM Outage Prediction NOTAM

- Provide for all airport with PBN Procedures (RNP APCH)

BCP0717 302202KK VTBBZRZP302200 KLAXXAAWGXXXX/YY NOTAMR

Q) VTBB/QGAXX/I/NBO/A/000/999/1957N09952E025A) VTCT B) 1507010000 C) 1507022359E) GPS RAIM PREDICTION FOR:TSO-C129 FAULT DETECTIONNO GPS RAIM OUTAGES

TSO-C146A FAULT DETECTION ONLYNO GPS RAIM OUTAGES

TSO-C146A FAULT DETECTION WITH EXCLUSION20150701 0047 TIL 20150701 005820150701 0134 TIL 20150701 0139GPS RAIM UNAVAILABLE FOR RNP APPROACH

Summary & Conclusion

การประเมนิผลกระทบทางเสยีงจากอากาศยาน

Thailand PBN Implementation Milestones:2007 PBN Working Group founded - collaboration

2009 First PBN Approach published

First Implementation Plan submitted to ICAO

2008-2017 Continuous Process of Capability Building– Personal Training

– Design Supporting Tools

– Flight Validation Fleet

2016 Assembly Resolution 37-11 fulfilled

2017 Revised Implementation Plan submitted to ICAO

-----------------

2018 New IFP and PBN Regulations promulgation

2019 All Runways Ends with PBN APCH

Summary

• PBN provides benefits to airspace users and the aviation community.

• PBN implementation is not hard, but need collaboration and efforts from stakeholders.

• With airspace users are ready to utilize their fleet capabilities, ANSPs and regulators should deliver and drive for performance-based services.

• APAC states should work together on PBN implementation to improve connectivity and enhance capacity within the region.

Conclusion

Thank You!