thailand-dioxins reduction on power and heat sectors

8/6/2019 Thailand-Dioxins Reduction on Power and Heat Sectors

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ThailandDioxins releases from Power and

Heat sector

Massimo Gobbi

UNIDO

BAT/BEP Workshop

Bangkok 13 June 2011

M. Gobbi - BAT/BEP Workshop BAngkok 13June 2011

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National Implementation Plan -NIP

PCDD/PCDF Inventory


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DIOXINS EMISSIONS FROM

POWER AND HEAT GENERATION

Releases to Air 33.00 gTEQ/y

Releases to Residue 14.28 gTEQ/y


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Typical dioxins

emissions from

boilers

BOILER

st

ac

k

ENERGY (steam) TO

PROCESS

ENERGY IN

(FUEL)

Dioxins

emissions to air

Dioxins emissions

to residue

APC

filter


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Origin of dioxins emissions:

COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS


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INCREASE OF FOSSIL FUEL

CONSUMPTIONS

INCREASE OF DIOXINS EMISSIONS


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THAILANDPRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND 2010*

Mtoe


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Coal

13%

Oil45%

Gas

31%

Hydro

1%

NRE

10%

THAILAND-PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND

114,6 Mtoem

* APEC energy demand and energy outlook 2006


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THAILAND ENERGY BALANCE 2010


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electricity

generation

refineries

industry

transport

residential commercial

Thailand final consumptions - transformation 2010Mtoe



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Thailand primary energy demand

Outlook


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2010 2020 2030

coal 15,5 33 64

oil 51,5 78,8 102,9

gas 35,1 57,2 65

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Mtoe

Thailand primary energy demand Outlook



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LINKAGE BETWEEN FUEL

CONSUMPTIONS AND RELESEAS OF

DIOXINS

EMISSION FACTORS


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EMISSION FACTOR DEFINITION

THE EMISSION FACTOR IS THE AMOUNT OF

DIOXINS EMITTED TO AIR, WATER, LAND AND

RESIDUE PER UNIT OF FUEL BURNED,

(Ton or TJ)

E.F = TEQ/t

E.F. = TEQ/TJ


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The Emission Factor mainly depends

on

Type of process (power generation, openburning, waste incineration , etc.)

Type of plant ( water tube boiler, fire tubeboiler, fluidized bed boiler,etc.)

Type of fuel burned (coal, oil, gas, waste,biomass,etc


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UNEP Toolkit

DIOXINS EMISSION FACTORS*

Power and Heat SectorsEmission Factors - g TEQ/TJ of

Fossil Fuel Burned

Air Water Residue

1. Fossil fuel/waste co-fired power boilers 35 ND ND

2. Coal fired power boilers 10 ND 14

3. Heavy fuel fired power boilers 2.5 ND ND

4. Shale oil fired power plants 1.5 ND *

5. Light fuel oil/natural gas fired power boilers 0.5 ND ND

M. Gobbi - UNIDO - Jakarta nov. 2010 13

*important note: the type of plant is not considered


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Energy content in the fuels

is the heat released during burning

measured by theHeating value

Bituminous coal 30-32 MJ/kg

Gasoline 44-47 MJ/kg

Heavy fuel oil 40-43 MJ/kg

Natural gas 48-53 Mj/kg


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Thailand

Electricity Generation outlook (Mtoe)


15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2020 2030

coaloil

gas

hydro

NRE


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Thailand

Industrial consumptions outlook


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2010 2020 2030

Thailand - industry consumptions outlook by fuel (Mtoe)

COAL

OIL

GAS


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THAILANDElectricity generationTOTAL DIOXINS EMISSION TO AIR OUTLOOK

gTEQ/y


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0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

2010 2020 2030


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Thailand dioxins emissions outlook

industry


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0

2.000.000

4.000.000

6.000.000

8.000.000

10.000.000

12.000.000

14.000.000

2010 2020 2030

DoxinsgTEQ/

y

year

Thailand- dioxins emissions forecast- industry

total


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Thailand dioxins emissions outlook

industry + electricity generation


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0

5.000.000

10.000.000

15.000.000

20.000.000

25.000.000

30.000.000

35.000.000

2010 2020 2030

Industry + electricity gTEQ/y

industry

electricity


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outcomes

The economic growth of the country leads to anincrease of the energy needs, which very oftenresults in increase of fossil fuels consumptions

As a result, the emissions of dioxins will increase

solutionsOnly a sound environmental energy policy will

reduce the emissions of dioxins and otherpollutants


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Ways to reduce the releases of

dioxins

1. At government level (energy policies)

2. At site level (implementation of BAT/BEP


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dioxins

Government level

Reduce the energy consumptions(energy

saving policies)

Reduce the use of fossil fuels (improve the

use of renewables)

Give priority to cleaner fuels , in energy plans(natural gas, biofuels)

Improve use of renewable sources (sun, wind)


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dioxinsPower and Heat sectors

Site level (BAT/BEP implementation)

Addition of more efficient filters to reducethe releases to air

Improve the efficiency of the plant (fuelconsumptions will be reduced)

Switch to cleaner fuels (natural gas instead of

oil) Replace old boilers with new efficient

BAT/BEP boilers


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION


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thailand-dioxins reduction on power and heat sectors

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