tema 8. evidences of evolution
TRANSCRIPT
EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY1. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
2. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
SUMMARAZING
Structures in different species having the same appearance or function
Structures derived from a common ancestor with different function
3. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
4. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
BIOGEOGRAPHIC EVIDENCES
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCES1. The GENETIC CODE is the same in almost all organisms.Over the ages, the genetic code has passed unchanged (or nearly so) from parent to offspring.
The similarity shows a probable common ancestor for all life on Earth.
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCES
Number of differences from human hemoglobin
45
167
8
27
125
2. AMINO ACID SEQUENCING, similar genes
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCES3. Vestigial Genes (prediction)
Linked to regulation of genes expresion.
* Genes that have lost their protein-coding ability or are otherwise no longer expressed in the cell
Ex. GLO (Vitamin C from glucose) Primate, bats fruit eater and guinea pig. Accumulation of multiple mutations
30.000 genes 2.000 pseudogenes*
Retrovirus DNA Sense of smell, olfactory receptor (1.000 vs. 400/800) Rats, people,dolphins,
EMBRYOLOGYCAL EVIDENCES
1. Serial structures (e.g., segments, limbs) are usually identical in the embryo, but specialized and diverged in the adult.
Haeckel's diagrams
Phylogenesis is the mechanical cause of ontogenesis
EMBRYOLOGYCAL EVIDENCES2. BRANCHIAL ARCHES
FOSSIL RECORD1. The earliest forms of life are simplies than latest
FOSSIL RECORD
2. Transitional fossils
SPECIATIONFactors that contribute to speciation:• Allopatric speciation• Peripatric speciation• Parapatric speciation• Sympatric speciation
REFERENCES CHARLES DARWIN & EVOLUTION by Christ's College, Cambridgehttp://darwin200.christs.cam.ac.uk/pages/
DARWIN EL PADRE DE LA EVOLUCIÓN en el diario El Mundohttp://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2009/02/ciencia/darwin/
STATED CLEARLY Youtube channelhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_cznB5YZZmvAmeq7Y3EriQ• What is Evolution? • What is Natural Selection? • What is the Evidence for Evolution?