TECNICAL ENGLISH

SANTIAGO ORTIZMARCO PROAÑONELSON REYES

SEVENTH - LEVEL

UNIT 23

PROGRAM

DESIGN

1. Warm upA.) In pairs, try to think of han answer for

the question:What is programming?Look at the definition in the Glossary. Is it

similiar to yours?

B.) Complete the following definitions with the words and phrases in the box.

1. Warm up

the various parts of the program may occur in programs

language binary numbers a given problem

1. algorithmThe step-by-step specification of how to

reach the solution to ____a given problem____

2. flowchart

• A diagram representing the logical sequence between _the various parts of the program_

3. coding

• The translation of the logical steps into a programming ____language_____

4. machine code

• The basic instructions understood by computers. The processor operates on codes which consist of ___binary numbers___

5. debugging

• The techniques of detecting, diagnosing and correcting errors (or ‘bugs’) which

_____may occur in programs_____

2. Listening

A.) Listen to Lucy Boyd, a software developer, explaining how a program is produced. Number these steps in the order you hear them.

5 Provide documentation of the program.Understand the problem and plan the solution.Test and correct the program.Make a flowchart of the pogram.Write the instructions in coded from and compile the program.

1

4

2

3

3. ReadingRead the text and find answers to these

quetions.

1. Do computers understand human languages?No they cannot understand any human languages

2. What are the differences between low-level and high-level languages?The main difference is that low-level language is

similar to the machine language and the high-level needs to be translated to machine language

3. What is an assembler?Is a special program that converts the code into

machine code.

3. Reading4. What is the function of compilers?It generates an object program

5. What do you understand by the terms source program and object program?The source program is the program written in any language like Pascal or Fortran and the object program is the runable program.

6. In the future, could computers be programmed in Spanish, French or Japanese?Yes because some scientists are working in artificial intelligence for the computers to understand human languages.

4. Word BuildingA. Look at the groups of words and decide what

part of speech each word is. Then Complete the sentences with the correct word.

1. Programs written in a high-level language require………………….., or translation into machine code.

2. A…………………….. Generates several low-level instructions for each source language statement.

3. Programers usually …………………………… their programs to create an objct program and diagnose possible errors.

4. Word BuildingA. Look at the groups of words and decide what

part of speech each word is. Then Complete the sentences with the correct word.

1. Programs written in a high-level language require compilation, or translation into machine code.

2. A compiler Generates several low-level instructions for each source language statement.

3. Programers usually compile their programs to create an objct program and diagnose possible errors.

4. Word Building

4. Most computer ……………… make a plan of the program before they write it. This plan is called a flowchart.

5. A computer …………. Is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.

6. Converting an algorithm into a secuence of instructios in a programming language is called………

4. Word Building

4. Most computer programmers make a plan of the program before they write it. This plan is called a flowchart.

5. A computer program Is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.

6. Converting an algorithm into a secuence of instructios in a programming language is called programming

4. Word Building

7. New programs need …………….. To make them work properly.

8. Any error or malfunction of a computer program is known as a …………………. .

9. The best compilers usually include an integrated ……………. Which detects syntax errors.

4. Word Building

7. New programs need debbuging to make them work properly.

8. Any error or malfunction of a computer program is known as a bug .

9. The best compilers usually include an integrated debugger which detects syntax errors.

4. Word BuildingB. In the word debug the prefix de- is used.

This prefix means ‘to reverse an action’. Here are a few more examples.

Write down the base form of each verb. What do the verbs mean in your language? And what do the verbs with de- mean?.

4. Word Building

5. Language work: Infinitive constructionsA. Make sentences as in the example.ExampleNot easy/write instructions in PascalIt is not easy to write instructions in Pascal.

1. Advisable/test the program under different conditions.2. Expensive/set up a data-processing area.3. unsual for a program/ work correctly the first time it is

tested.4. Difficult for student/learn FORTRAN.5. Important/consider the capabilities of the programming

language6. Quite busy/write instructions in BASIC.

5. Language work: Infinitive constructions

1. Advisable/test the program under different conditions.2. Expensive/set up a data-processing area.3. unsual for a program/ work correctly the first time it is

tested.4. Difficult for student/learn FORTRAN.5. Important/consider the capabilities of the programming

language6. Quite busy/write instructions in BASIC.

1. It is advisable to test the program under different conditions.2. It is expensive to set up a data-processing area.3. It is unsual for a program to work correctly the first time it is

tested.4. It is difficult for students to learn FORTRAN.5. It is important to consider the capabilities of the programming

language6. It is quite busy to write instructions in BASIC.

5. Language work: Infinitive constructionsB. Read the information in the HELP box and then

look again at the reading passage in Task 3. underline the infinitive constructios after modal verbs.

ExampleUnfortunately, computers cannot understand ordinary

spoken English … HELP BoxInfinitive constructionsThe infinitive is used:• After adjectives

• It is difficult to use machine code.• After modal verbs with to: ought to, used

to• I ought to make a back-up copy.• Using a computer is much easier than it

used to be.• After modal and auxiliary verbs without

to: can, could, may, might, should, will, would, would rather, would sooner

• Unfortunately, computers can’t understand English

• I’d rather buy a game than a spreadsheet.

5. Language work: Infinitive constructionsC. Look at these pairs of examples where there is

an ‘important’ change in meaning..

1. a. I remember shuting down the computer before I left the room.b. Please remember to buy the new program.

2. a. They stopped to look at the flowchart.b. They stopped loking at the flowchart.

3. a. I like studying C language.b. I like to study C language in the evenings.

4. a. It has started to rain.b. It has started to raining.

5. a. He needs to work harder.b. This hard disk needs repairing.