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Tropical Bryology 8: 13-37, 1993

Taxonomic results of the BRYOTROP-Expedition to Zaire andRwanda

3. Description of Collecting Sites.The Vegetation of Kahuzi-Biega-National Park/Zaire, NyungweForest and Virunga volcanoes/Rwanda

Eberhard Fischer

Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten der Universität,Meckenheimer Allee 170, D 53115 Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany

Abstract. During the BRYOTROP-Expedition in 1991, 71 collecting sites could be visited. Theseare situated in the Kahuzi-Biega-National Park/Zaire, the Nyungwe Forest and the Virungavolcanoes/Rwanda. This paper provides a short description of the vegetation in these three areas anda detailed list of all collecting sites.

The Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Fig. 1), foun-ded in 1970, is situated in the Eastern Part ofZaïre from the Zaïre bassin at Itebero/Utu to thewestern crest of the Central African Grabennorthwest of Bukavu between 1°36'-2°37' sou-thern latitude and 27°33'-28°46' eastern longitu-de. It comprises, after an extension in 1975,about 600 000 ha and includes montane forestand a large rainforest area. Because of the geo-graphical position and diverse relief a species-rich flora and fauna developed, among them themost spectacular representant, the mountaingorilla (Gorilla gorilla graueri), for whoseprotection the park initially was founded. While

the biology

of the gorilla is fairly well known, only littleresearch has been done in other groups of plantsand animals, even in other monkey species. Themost important publications concerning theKahuzi-National Park are listed in Richter &Bantuzeko (1986). Research on vegetation waseither done punctually or during revisions ormonographs of different plant taxa. A vegetationmap of the old park region distinguishes only 4types (primary forest, secondary forest, bambooand swamp). A more detailed mapping distin-guishing 12 vegetation types was done by Mariusin 1976, mainly based on aerial photos. A vege-

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tation mapping of the Kahuzi-Biega NationalPark in its recent boarders is in preparation by thepresent author.In the following paper, a short survey of primaryand secondary vegetation formations of theKahuzi-Park is presented. Additionally thevegetation of two main collecting sites of theBRYOTROP-project, the Nyungwe forest andthe Mt. Karisimbi is briefly described and a listof all collecting sites with description of theirvegetation is provided (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).The mapping of vegetation was done by using themethod of Braun-Blanquet (1964), uniting therelevés taken along a catena to phytosociologicaltables. Here only a few results concerning theBRYOTROP-Transsect can be given. Detailedpublications dealing with the vegetation ofKahuzi-Park are in preparation. The nomencla-ture of vascular plants mainly follows Troupin(1978, 1983, 1985, 1988), and the Flore d’Afri-que Centrale (formerly Flore du Congo Belge etdu Ruanda-Urundi, Flore du Congo, du Rwandaet du Burundi).A detailed description of altitudinal zonation inEast Africa was provided by Hedberg (1951),who also delt with the Virunga Volcanoes. Thevegetation belts of Kahuzi-Park, not mentionedby Hedberg, shall be briefly described here. From850 m, the lower limit of the Park to 1300 m, amountain rainforest is developed. The Transi-tion Forest zone can be observed from 1300 to1700 m, followed by a montane forest from 1700to 2300 (2400 m). From 2400 m to 2600 m theBamboo zone is developed, intermixed with Po-docarpus-Forest on hill summits, swamps anddifferent montane forest communities. A Hage-nia-Hypericum zone, which is well developed onthe Virunga-Volcanoes, is lacking. The Ericace-ous Belt begins at 2600 m (Mt. Biega) andreaches to 3200 m on Mt. Kahuzi. The summit ofMt. Kahuzi bears a Senecio johnstoni-Erica-Subparamo, which is followed by a Helichry-sum-Lobelia stuhlmannii-Paramo. In spite of theisolate position, Mt. Kahuzi has several afroalpi-ne species in common with the Virunga Volca-noes and the Ruwenzori. Only Swertiamacrosepala, Philippia johnstoni, Bartsiamacrophylla, Lobelia stuhlmannii, Helichrysumguilelmi and Disa stairsii shall be mentioned.The giant groundsel Senecio johnstoni proved to

be a different subspecies (ssp. kahuzicus).

I. Vegetation of the Kahuzi-Biega NationalPark

A. Primary rainforest communities

The primary rainforest formations mainly be-long to 4 communities. Several authors stated thedominance of one species, Gilbertiodendrondewevrei (Caesalpiniaceae) (Lebrun & Gillet1954, Dieterlen 1978, Schmitz 1988). This spe-cies, due to a wide ecological amplitude is knownfrom the whole Zaïre bassin and may occur evenin pure stands.

Gilbertiodendron dewevrei-Community (loc.120, 121)This rainforest type is characterized by thedominant Gilbertiodendron dewevrei in tree andshrub layer. The tree layer may well reach 40 m.The herb layer consists of dominant Rubiaceae(Stipularia, Geophila), Acanthaceae and Ma-rantaceae. Some remarkable species belong tothe genus Impatiens, among them the epiphyticImpatiens irangiensis and Impatiens pauciden-tata. The Gilbertiodendron-community is fre-quent between 850 and 1100 m elevation.

Uapaca-Community (loc. 119)Mainly near rivers and streams, a watertolerantforest community is found which is characteri-zed by Uapaca species. The diversity of theepiphyte stratum is remarkable and on one tree,the author could note among others 43 species oforchids. The Uapaca community can be obser-ved up to 1000 m elevation.

Julbernardia-Cynometra-Community (loc. 123)This forest type is characterized by the dominatingJulbernardia sereti and Cynometra alexandri.Gilbertiodendron shows only a scattered occur-rence. Other typical species are Piptadeniastrumafricanum and Anthonota acuminata.

Cynometra alexandri-Mammea-Anningeria-Community (loc. 124)On mountain slopes at 1200 m s.m., Gilbertio-dendron is replaced by some montane forest

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elements, mainly Anningeria altissima andMammea africana. The Caesalpiniaceae Cyno-metra is on the other hand a lowland elementwhich can be observed up to 1500 m elevation.

B. Transition forest communities

Julbernardia-Ocotea-Community (loc. 126)The summit region of different mountains in therainforest area are covered by a forest type withmany elements from mountain or cloud forest.Near Irangi Station, the Mt. Ilimu can be namedas a typical habitat for this transitional forest.Among mountain species like Ocotea michelso-nii some lowland elements do occur as well (e.g.Julbernardia sereti, Staudtia stipitata). Unfor-tunately the transition zone has been destroyed inmost parts of the Central African Graben andtoday only few remnants can be found.

C. Vegetation of rapids and cascadesThe Kahuzi Park area is rich in rapids andcascades. While members of the family Podoste-monaceae have yet not been recorded, two inter-esting communities in the mountain rainforestcould be observed.

Biophytum zenkeri-Dyschoriste perrotteti-Com-munityIn the whole eastern Zaïre bassin, this associa-tion is widely distributed. It is growing in casca-des on wet rocks. Characteristic elements are thesuffruticose Biophytum zenkeri (Oxalidaceae)and the Acanthaceae Dyschoriste perrotteti.

Elatostemma welwitschii-Utricularia striatu-la-CommunityIn a waterfall near the Irangi Station, a commu-nity on rocks mainly dominated by bryophytescould be recorded. In the wet moss-cover, Elato-stemma welwitschii and the carnivorous Utricu-laria striatula can be found. Another remarkablespecies associated is Impatiens apiculata.

D. Primary montane forest communities

Albizia gummifera-Carapa grandiflora-Pari-nari excelsa-Forest (loc. 152)

The stands of the lower montane forest belt arecharacterized by 2-3 distinguishable tree layers,the upper reaching 35 m. In the Kahuzi Park thisforest type is very much endangered and hasmostly been destroyed. Characteristic trees areAlbizia gummifera, Parinari excelsa, Entan-drophragma excelsum, Carapa grandiflora, Sym-phonia globulifera and Chrysophyllum gorun-gosanum. This community is found from 1800 to2100 m elevation and it is among the mostdiverse in the Park.

Bamboo ForestsHagenia abyssinica-Arundinaria alpina-Com-munity (loc. 128)Arundinaria alpina-Polyscias fulva-Commu-nity (loc. 136)Arundinaria alpina-Community (loc. 130, 144,147)Large areas of the National Park are occupied bybamboo-forests. Some of them are of anthropo-genous origin, mainly outside the climatic bam-boo zone. Arundinaria alpina, which may reacha height of 25 m, is forming either pure stands orgrows intermixed with Hagenia abyssinica andPolyscias fulva. A herb layer is generally welldeveloped (mainly herbs like Panicum calvumand different ferns). At Mt. Kahuzi, the bambooforest reaches the elevation of 3000 m and con-tains a lot of subalpine elements (Impatienssuperglabra, Carex petitiana).

Elfin ForestsAt the edge of swamps and mooreland we find atype of forest, which is characterized by a perma-nent wet soil and a tree layer comparatively poorin species. The following communities can bedistinguished.

Podocarpus usambarensis-Syzygium rowlan-di-Pilotrichella-Swamp forest (loc. 133, 141,142)The community is dominated by the trees Podo-carpus latifolius and Syzygium rowlandi and itsphysiognomy is characterized by different Me-teoriaceae (mostly Pilotrichella) and Frullaniaangulata. A remarkable species of the herb layeris Impatiens purpureo-violacea. Several orchidsdo occur as epiphytes: Chamaeangis sarcophyl-

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la, Cyrtorchis arcuata, Polystachya vulcanica,Stolzia cupuligera. A variant of the Podocarpus-Community at the edge of the Lushanja swamp isdominated by Ocotea usambarensis (Lauraceae).

Syzygium rowlandi-Lobelia mildbraedii-Com-munityA closely related forest with a less dense treelayer is found on more wet soil and is characte-rized by Syzygium rowlandi, Cyperus denudatusand Lobelia mildbraedii. It is growing in con-nection to Cyperus-Lobelia mildbraedii-swamps(see below). Some other species growing in thetree layer are Rapanea melanophloeos, Maca-ranga neomildbraediana and Balthasarea schlie-benii.

Podocarpus usambarensis-Syzygium guineen-se-Psychotria mahoni-Community (loc. 131,148)The summit regions of the Kahuzi-Biega massifare covered by a characteristic, ± hard-leafedcloud forest, which profites from the rich preci-pitation mainly in form of fog. Dominant treesare Podocarpus latifolius, Syzygium guineensessp. parvifolium and the Rubiaceae Psychotriamahoni. Like the swamp elfin forest, it is charac-terized by the large number of epiphytes. Theherb layer is, however, less rich in species andconsists mainly of ferns.

E. Vegetation of swamps and peat bogs

Erica rugegensis-Xyris valida-Cyperus denu-datus-Community (loc. 129)In the Lushanja swamp and some parts of Musi-zi, a nearly pure stand of Erica rugegensis withCyperus denudatus, Xyris valida, Osmunda re-galis and several Sphagnum species does occur.In its physiognomy, it ressembles the Ericarugegensis-Community on summit of Mt. Biega,but it differs in composition of herb layer and itsecology.

Lobelia mildbraedii-Cyperus latifolius-Cype-rus denudatus-Community (loc. 140)This community, more abundant in the montaneforests of Rwanda, is rare in the Kahuzi-area.Typical species are Lobelia mildbraedii, Cype-

rus denudatus and Cyperus latifolius. Shrubslike Hypericum revolutum only show a scatteredoccurence. Among the bryophytes, Haplomi-trium blumei is most noteworthy and the speciesseems to be restricted to this type of habitat.

Cyperus denudatus-Cyperus latifolius-Alche-milla ellenbeckii-CommunityCyperus latifolius-Alchemilla ellenbeckii-Hypericum revolutum-CommunityCyperus latifolius-Anagallis angustiloba-Com-munityCyperus latifolius-Ludwigia-CommunityCyperus denudatus-Cyperus nigricans-Commu-nityAll those swamp communities have in commonthe dominance of Cyperus-species (C. latifolius,C. denudatus, C. nigricans) and the rare occur-rence of shrubs. In the field they can be distin-guished by their characteristic combination ofspecies.The Cyperus denudatus-Cyperus latifolius-Al-chemilla ellenbeckii-Community grows in me-sotrophic to oligotrophic places. Some othertypical species, which define the association areCyperus nigricans and Gladiolus dalenii. TheCyperus denudatus-Cyperus nigricans-Commu-nity, prefering oligotrophic habitats, totally lacksC. latifolius and is characterized by the domi-nance of C. nigricans. The Cyperus latifolius-communities are characterized by the total lackof C. denudatus and the occurrence of specieslike Lythrum rotundifolium and Crepidorhopa-lon whytei. They prefer ± eutrophic habitats.

Juncus effusus-Sphagnum-bog (loc. 134)This rare swamp community occurs in the Biega-area. Here Juncus effusus and Sphagnum speciesas well as Polytrichum commune are dominating.On the edge of the swamp, a communitycharacterized by Agauria salicifolia, Ericarugegensis and Rapanea melanophloeos is found.The herb layer also contains Juncus effusus andSphagnum species. There is a remarkable rich-ness of epiphytic bryophytes (e.g. Leptoscyphuscuneifolius, Lepidozia cupressina etc.).

F. Subalpine Heath and Paramo vegetation

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Erica rugegensis-Vaccinium stanleyi-Breute-lia stuhlmannii-Community (loc. 132)The summit region of Mt. Biega is covered by acommunity, which is dominated by Erica ruge-gensis. Other shrubs are Vaccinium stanleyi andHedythyrsus thamnoideus. The herb layer con-tains only a few vascular plants, but numerousbryophytes and lichens, especially Breutelia stuhl-mannii and B. diffracta.

Philippia benguellensis-Hagenia abyssinica-Myrica salicifolia-Community (loc. 137, 145)In the lower part of the Ericaceous belt, whichgenerally follows the bamboo zone, a forest withPhilippia, Hagenia abyssinica and Myrica sali-cifolia can be observed. Some other characteri-stic trees are Erica rugegensis, Balthasareaschliebenii and Agauria salicifolia. The herblayer is comparatively rich and contains asdominant species Panicum calvum, Seneciomariettae and Asplenium friesiorum.

Erica rugegensis-Philippia johnstoni ForestBelow the Subparamo, a forest with Erica ruge-gensis and Philippia johnstoni with a tree layerof 15-20 m height is developed. It is characteri-zed by large moss balls and a densely mosscovered soil (mainly Breutelia and Sphagnum).Between the bryophytes, Deschampsia flexuosaand Lycopodium clavatum are part of the herblayer. Among the epiphytes, large moss ballswith Plagiochila colorans, P. ericicola andDicranum johnstoni are dominating. The upperpart of the canopy is mainly covered by Usnea.

Senecio johnstoni-Subparamo (loc. 149)Immediately below the summit of Mt. Kahuzi, asubparamo with the giant rosette tree Seneciojohnstoni ssp. kahuzicus and the two arborescentheath species Erica rugegensis and Philippiajohnstoni can be found. The herb layer is domi-nated by Deschampsia flexuosa var. afromonta-na, different species of Helichrysum and otherafroalpine elements like Senecio subsessilis,Huperzia saururus and Luzula abyssinica.

Helichrysum-Lobelia stuhlmannii-Deschamp-sia flexuosa-Community (loc. 150)The summit of Mt. Kahuzi at 3300 m is coveredby an alpine meadow with scattered Erica and

Philippia shrubs. Here, Deschampsia flexuosa,several Helichrysum species and Huperzia sau-rurus are dominating. Other characteristic plantsare Festuca simensis, Viola eminii, Swertiamacrosepala, Rubus runssorensis and Lobeliastuhlmannii.

G. Secondary montane forestsA large part of the Kahuzi-Biega National Parkconsists of secondary forests. Only a brief surveywill be presented here. The following forest typescan be distinguished:

Albizia-Parinari-Carapa-Secondary forest (loc.143)

Macaranga neomildbraediana-Secondary fo-rest (loc. 139 A)

Hagenia abyssinica-Secondary forest (loc. 138)

Alangium-Dombeya-Secondary forest (loc.118)

Nuxia-Agauria-Secondary forest (loc. 135, 139B)Typical elements of secondary forests are thetrees Macaranga neomildbraediana, Dombeyagoetzenii, Neoboutonia macrocalyx, Polysciasfulva as well as Arundinaria alpina.

II. Vegetation of Nyungwe Forest

The Nyungwe forest, situated at the eastern crestof the Central African Graben shows a somewhatdifferent vegetation mosaic. More detailed des-criptions are provided by Fischer & Hinkel (1990,1991). Here only an overview is presented. In thelower montane forest belt we find montain forestcommunities with dominating Parinari excelsaand Carapa grandiflora (loc. 107, 113) as well asNewtonia buchanani-forest (loc. 112) with anupper tree layer of 35-40 m. As an endemic treespecies, the Clusiaceae Pentadesma reyndersiidoes occur here.Around swamps like the Kamiranzovu, a typicalswamp forest with Syzygium guineense ssp.parvifolium, Carapa grandiflora, Anthocleista

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grandiflora and Podocarpus falcatus (loc. 108,155) is developed. The open cliffs and the wetflush vegetation near Karamba (loc. 106) is alsoremarkable and should be mentioned for theirrichness in bryophytes (e.g. Sphagnum spec.,Breutelia stuhlmannii, Chandonanthus hirtellusand Anastrophyllum piligerum).The middle montane forest belt is developed nearUwinka. Here forest communities with Ocoteamichelsoni, Syzygium guineense, Beilschmiediarwandensis, Macaranga neomildbraediana andBalthasarea schliebenii do occur (loc. 110, 111).In the eastern part of Nyungwe, secondary forestswith Macaranga and Neoboutonia macrocalyxare dominating. The Rwasenkoko swamp as anexample of an night-cold air lake should bementioned. Here we find an inverse profile withSyzygium-Podocarpus-Ocotea forest (loc. 103)on the summit of the hills, while the slopes bearAndropogon shirensis-grassland (loc. 102) withscattered shrubs of Hagenia abyssinica and Er-ica rugegensis. In the valley moorland andswamps with Alchemilla johnstoni (loc. 115),Lobelia mildbraedii and Cyperus denudatus (loc.101) can be observed. Comparable swampvegetation on more eutrophic soil is found nearPindura (loc. 114).The upper montane forest belt consists mainly ofEricaceous woodland. The summit of Mt. Bigu-gu bears standings of Erica rugegensis and Phil-ippia benguellensis.

III. Vegetation of the Virunga Volcanoes

During the BRYOTROP-Expedition, the Mt.Karisimbi, with 4507 m the highest peak ofRwanda, was visited. The zonation of the vege-tation shall be briefly described here. From 2700to 3000 m a secondary Dombeya-forest withscattered Hagenia is developed (loc. 158), follo-wed by a Hagenia-Hypericum belt from 3000 to3300 m, where large moss balls are found (loc.159). On the saddle of Karisimbi at 3400 m amoorland with Senecio johnstoni and Philippiajohnstoni does occur (loc. 160). Around LakeMuderi, a Sphagnum peat bog with Carex runs-sorensis is developed (loc. 166). Above 3400 ma Senecio johnstoni-Hypericum revolutum-Sub-paramo can be observed (loc. 161). Due to acidic

soil conditions, an Erica-Philippia forest (loc.167), comparable in its floristic compositionwith that on Mt. Kahuzi, is developed above LakeMuderi and on the steep slopes of the Susa-valley. The beginning of the Paramo is at 3600 m.It can be divided into two types, the Seneciojohnstoni-Lobelia stuhlmannii-Paramo from3600 to 3900 m (loc. 162) and the Seneciojohnstoni-Lobelia wollastoni-Paramo from 3900to 4200 m (loc. 163). Above 4200 m no moregiant groundsel are found and nearly puremeadows of Alchemilla johnstoni (loc. 164) aredeveloped. The summit at 4500 m is covered byan alpine desert, where bryophytes and lichensare dominating (loc. 165).Apart from Nyungwe Forest and Karisimbi, shorttrips were made to the savanna-region of Rwan-da (see fig. 1). A more detailed description ofsavanna vegetation is provided by Fischer &Hinkel (1991). During the BRYOTROP-Expe-dition, only rocky outcrops (loc. 116, 170), Aca-cia woodland and gallery forests (loc. 171) couldbe visited.

IV. Description of collecting sites

101, Rwanda, Pref. de Gikongoro, Forêt deNyungwe, Rwasenkoko, 2450 m, 11.08. 1991Lobelia mildbraedii-Cyperus denudatus bog withLobelia mildbraedii, Erica rugegensis, Antho-spermum usambarense, Senecio nyungwensis,Clutia paxii, Hypericum revolutum, Cyperusnigricans, Cyperus denudatus, Alchemilla el-lenbeckii, Kniphofia princiae, Cardamine pra-tensis, Xyris valida, Anagallis angustiloba, Ari-stea eckloni, Coelachne africana, Swertia adol-fi-friderici, Blaeria kivuensis, Isotachis auber-tii, Anthoceros spec., Swertia calycina, Hyperi-cum scioanum, Lycopodium clavatum, Veronicaabyssinica, Carduus nyassanus, Carex conferta,Blechnum tabulare, Eriocaulon schimperi, Gla-diolus dalenii, Helichrysum forskahlei, Helich-rysum nandense, Sphagnum rugegense, Cynor-kis anacamptoides, Lobelia holstii, L. minutula,Satureja simensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum,Isolepis fluitans, Potamogeton thunbergii, Cal-litriche oreophila , Juncus effusus, Disa stairsii,D. eminii, D. robusta.

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102, Rwanda, Pref. de Gikongoro, Forêt deNyungwe, Rwasenkoko, 2500 m, 11.08. 1991Ericaceous heath with Andropogon shirensis,Andropogon shirensis, Lycopodium clavatum,Blechnum tabulare, Deschampsia flexuosa, Violaabyssinica, Lobelia holstii, Pteridium aquili-num, Senecio nyungwensis, Hagenia abyssinica,Blaeria kivuensis, Clutia paxii, Pennisetumclandestinum, Cliffortia nitidula, Helichrysumlongiramum, Ardisiandra wettsteinii, Eragro-stis spec., Rubus kirungensis, Anthospermumusambarense, Gladiolus dalenii, Agauria salici-folia

103, Rwanda, Pref. de Gikongoro, Forêt deNyungwe, Rwasenkoko, 2500 m, 12.08. 1991Montane ForestTrees and shrubsPodocarpus latifolius, Ocotea usambarensis,Hagenia abyssinica, Hypericum revolutum, Ericarugegensis, Cliffortia nitidula, Xymalos mono-spora, Clutia paxii, Maytenus acutifolia, Rubusinedulis, Symphonia globulifera, Rapanea me-lanophloeos, Nuxia floribundaHerbsLycopodium clavatum, Veronica abyssinica,Blechnum tabulare, Cyperus denudatus, Kni-phofia princiae, Blaeria kivuensis, Pteridiumaquilinum, Ardisiandra wettsteinii, Sibthorpiaeuropaea, Deschampsia flexuosa, Thalictrumrhynchocarpum, Asplenium friesiorum, Sanicu-la elata, Impatiens burtonii, Otiophora pauci-flora ssp. burttiiClimbersJasminum abyssinicum, Stephania cyanantha

104, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, waterfall ca. 3 km E of Pindura, 2400m, 12.08.1991

105, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, ca. 7 km E of Pindura along highwayfrom Butare to Cyangugu, 2370 m, 12.08.1991

106, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Karamba, rocky slopes in heath forestalong abandoned road to Burundi, 2000 m,13.08.1991Rocky slopes dominated by Breutelia, Sphagnum,Chandonanthus hirtellus and different Frullania

and Campylopus-species.ShrubsErica rugegensis, Polygala ruwenzoriensis,Vernonia scaettae, Ficalhoa laurifolia, Dichae-tanthera corymbosaHerbsElaphoglossum aubertii, Lycopodium cernuum,Cynorkis anacamptoides, Otiophora pauciflorassp. burttii, Blechnum tabulareClimbersRhynchostigma racemosum

107, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Karamba, montane forest with Dicra-noloma billardiei-mossballs in canopy, 2000 m,13.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesSymphonia globulifera, Parinari excelsa, Cara-pa grandiflora, Syzygium guineense, Pentades-ma reyndersii, Podocarpus latifolius, Chryso-phyllum gorungosanumSmall trees and woody shrubsJaundea pinnata, Garcinia volkensii, Rytigyniaspec., Memecylon walikalense, Lasianthus kili-mandscharicus, Psychotria magnistipula, Ilexmitis, Dracaena laxissima, Schefflera goetzenii,Pentadesma reyndersii, Mimulopsis solmsiiClimbersSmilax kraussiana, Monanthotaxis orophilaHerbsImpatiens purpureo-violacea, Impatiens niam-niamensis, Anisosepalum humbertii, Aspleniummonanthes, Asplenium friesiorum, Symphoniaglobulifera juv., Rhus spec., Chlorophytum spec.,Memecylon walikalense juv.EpiphytesCulcasia falcifolia, Peperomia fernandopoiana,Impatiens keilii, Asplenium sandersonii, Asple-nium mannii, Drynaria volkensii, Elaphoglos-sum aubertii

108, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Kamiranzovu, 2000 m, 13.08.1991Carapa grandiflora-Syzygium swamp forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesAnthocleista grandiflora, Syzygium guineense,Podocarpus latifolius, Carapa grandiflora,Tabernaemontana johnstoni, Chrysophyllumgorungosanum.Small trees and woody shrubs

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Dichaetanthera corymbosa, Hymenodictyonfloribundum, Mimulopsis arborescens, Syzygiumrowlandii, Schefflera myriantha, Canthium oli-gocarpum, Garcinia volkensii, Memecylon wa-likalense, Xymalos monospora, Lasianthus kili-mandscharicus, Tricalysia niamniamensis, All-ophylus chaunobotrys.EpiphytesElaphoglossum spec., Bulbophyllum bequaertii,Oleandra distenta, Canarina eminii, Impatiensnyungwensis, Asplenium theciferum, A. sander-sonii, Hymenophyllum capillare, Peperomiafernandopoiana, Polystachya virginea, Diapha-nanthe burttii, Polystachya vulcanica, Seneciokanzibiense, Angraecum spec.HerbsImpatiens niamniamensis, I. purpureo-violacea,I. mildbraedii, I. bequaertii, I. stuhlmannii,Dissotis trothae, Tristemma leiocalyx, Begoniameyeri-johannis, B. scapigera, Isoglossavulcanica, Marattia fraxinea, Oplismenushirtellus, Aframomum mildbraedii, Calanthesylvatica, Chlorophytum sp., Selaginella sp.,Blotiella stipitata.

109, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Kamiranzovu, 1,5 km E of locality108, roadside with waterfall along road fromButare to Cyangugu, 2100 m, 13.08.1991

110, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Uwinka station along road from Buta-re to Cyangugu, 2400 m, 14.08.1991Mesic montane evergreen forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesHagenia abyssinica, Parinari excelsa, Ericarugegensis, Faurea saligna, Symphonia globuli-fera, Ocotea michelsoni, Syzygium guineense,Ficalhoa laurifolia, Balthasaria schliebenii.Small trees and woody shrubsMacaranga neomildbraediana, Stapfiella luci-da, Chassalia subochreata, Polygala ruwenzo-riensis, Maytenus acuminata, Rytigynia lebruni,Mimulopsis solmsii, Psychotria mahoni.EpiphytesVittaria volkensii, Asplenium theciferum, A.sandersoni, Hymenophyllum capillare, Phrag-manthera rufescens.HerbsImpatiens purpureo-violacea, Anisosepalum

humbertii, Liparis epiphytica, Asplenium aniso-phyllum, Begonia meyeri-johannis, Rhyncho-stigma racemosum, Disperis anthoceros, Pteri-dium aquilinum, Panicum spec.

111, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Uwinka station along road from Buta-re to Cyangugu, 2300 m, 14.08.1991Mescic montane evergreen forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesParinari excelsa, Beilschmiedia rwandensis,Ficalhoa laurifolia, Ocotea usambarensis, Ca-rapa grandiflora, Symphonia globulifera, Podo-carpus latifoliusSmall trees and woody shrubsJaundea pinnata, Ilex mitis, Chassalia suboch-reata, Lasianthus kilimandscharicus, Carapagrandiflora, Zanthoxylum mildbraedii, Myrian-thus holstiiHerbsDryopteris squamiseta, Acacia montigena, Blo-tiella stipitata, Cyperus spec., Macaranga neo-mildbraediana juv., Chlorophytum spec.,Chloachne oplismenoides, Rubus steudneri,Impatiens bequaertii, Impatiens purpureo-violacea, Cinncinobotrys oreophila, Aspleniumfriesiorum, Otiophora pauciflora ssp. burtiiClimbersBegonia meyeri-johannis, Mikania cordata,Mikaniopsis scandens, Monanthotaxis orophila

112, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Uwinka station along road from Buta-re to Cyangugu, 2100 m, 14.08.1991Montane forest in valley with treeferns nearwaterfallCanopy trees and medium-sized treesNewtonia buchanani, Strombosia scheffleri,Carapa grandiflora, Cassipourea gummiflua,Cleistopholis polyanthus, EntandrophragmaexcelsumSmall trees and woody shrubsCarapa grandiflora, Teclea nobilis, Ilex mitis,Zanthoxylum gilletii, Zanthoxylum mildbraedii,Mimulopsis solmsii, Pavetta pierlotii, CyatheamannianaHerbsDryopteris spec., Asplenium friesiorum, Asple-nium monanthes, Parinari excelsa juv., Culca-sia falcifolia, Anisosepalum humbertii, Doryop-

23

teris spec., Newtonia buchanani juv., Blotiellastipitata, Impatiens bequaertii, SaintpauliopsislebruniiClimbersAcacia montigena

113, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, Uwinka station along road from Buta-re to Cyangugu, 2000 m, 14.08.1991 (Fig. 4).Submontane forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesAlbizia gummifera, Parinari excelsa, Carapagrandiflora, Entandrophragma excelsum, Strom-bosia scheffleri, Symphonia globulifera, Taber-naemontana johnstoni, Myrianthus holstii, Cas-sipourea gummifluaSmall trees and woody shrubsZanthoxylum gilletii, Vernonia auriculifera,Alangium chinense, Marattia fraxinea, Mimu-lopsis solmsii, Cyathea mannianaHerbsDryopteris spec., Piper capense, Chloachneoplismenoides, Impatiens bequaertii, Impatienspurpureo-violacea, Schizoboea kamerunensis,Elatostemma spec., Palisota mannii, Selaginel-la auquieri, Brillantaisia cicatricosa, Chloro-phytum spec.EpiphytesDrynaria volkensii

114, Rwanda, Pref. de Gikongoro, Forêt deNyungwe, 1,5 km S of Pindura along road fromButare to Cyangugu, 2300 m, 15.08. 1991Lobelia mildbraedii-Cyperus denudatus bogLobelia mildbraedii, Hypericum revolutum,Rapanea melanophloeos, Senecio maranguen-sis, Cyperus denudatus, Epipactis africana,Satyrium crassicaule, Alchemilla ellenbeckii,Brillantaisia cicatricosa, Basella alba, Begoniameyeri-johannis, Englerina woodfordioides,Osmunda regalis, Carduus nyassanus, Cuscutakilimanjarica, Coelachne africana, Cyclosorusspec.

115, Rwanda, Pref. de Gikongoro, Forêt deNyungwe along road from Butare to Cyangugu atborder of prefect., 2330 m, 15.08. 1991Lobelia mildbraedii-Cyperus denudatus bogCyperus denudatus, Alchemilla johnstoni, Hy-pericum revolutum, Callitriche oreophila, Iso-

lepis fluitans, Potamogeton thunbergii, Cliffor-tia nitidula, Cyperus latifolius, Cyperus nigri-cans, Anagallis angustiloba, Aristea ecklonii

116, Rwanda, Pref. de Kigali, on the ridge ofBugesera N of Nyamata, 1450 m, 17.08.1991Very degraded Acacia woodland with rockyoutcropsMicrochloa kunthii, Aeollanthus repens, Cya-notis lanata, Lindernia philcoxii, Craterostigmalanceolatum, Monechma subsessile, Evolvulusalsinoides, Scilla kirkii, Caralluma duemmeri,Polygala kagerensis, Marsilea minuta, Isoetesabyssinica, Rotala tenella, Kyllinga bulbosa

117, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, hot springs 9km NE of Bugarama near Nyakabuye CementFactory, 1150 m, 19.08.1991Surroundings of spring (38°C temp.)Nymphaea thermarum, Cyperus spec. A, Cype-rus spec. B, Phragmites mauritianus, Crassoce-phalum spec., Hydroctyle sibthorpioides, Nitel-la spec., Pluchea ovalis, Asystasia gangetica,Berula erecta.

118, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega NationalPark, Tshivanga Park Station 30 km NW ofBukavu, 2200 m, 20.08.1991Mesic montane forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesNeoboutonia macrocalyx, Grewia mildbraedii,Milletia dura, Bridelia brideliifolia, Maesalanceolata, Polyscias fulva, Dombeya goetzenii,Tabernaemontana johnstoni, Myrianthus hol-stii, Dracaena steudneriSmall trees and woody shrubsMimulopsis arborescens, Lindackeria kivuen-sis, Albizia gummifera, Pseudospondias micro-carpa, Volkensia glomerata, Piper capense,Senecio mannii, Canthium oligocarpum, Allo-phylus chaunobotrys, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Solanum aculeatissimum, Maesa lanceo-lata, Chassalia subochreata, Xymalos monospo-ra, Rutidea fuscescens, Myrianthus holstii,Jaundea pinnata, Tabernaemontana johnstoni,Bersama abyssinica, Acanthus pubescens, Both-riocline ugandensis, Neoboutonia macrocalyx,Dombeya goetzenii, Vernonia auriculifera,Triumfetta cordifolia, Rubus kirungensisHerbs

24

Girardinia bullosa, Arisaema mildbraedii,Triumfetta rhomboidea, Pennisetum spec.,Impatiens burtoni, Blotiella stipitata, Thalictrumrhynchocarpum, Kalanchoe integrifolia,Brillantaisia cicatricosa, Basella alba, Vernoniaauriculifera, Gloriosa simplex, Chlorophytumspec., Asplenium anisophyllum, Kosteletzkyaspec., Elatostemma monticola, Carduusleptacanthus, Geranium aculeolatum,Momordica foetida, Culcasia falcifolia, Acalyphavillicaulis, Aegopodium podagraria, Pipercapense, Dracaena laxissima, Bidens pilosa,Desmodium spec., Setaria latifolia, Dalbergialactescens, Pilea johnstoni, Selaginella spec.,Crassocephalum vitellinum, Ureracameroonensis, Vernonia amygdalina, Cyperusspec., Commelina spec., Albizia gummifera juv.,Euphorbia schimperiana, Ardisiandra wettsteini,Gynura scandens, Justicia flava, Achryanthesaspera, Polygonum salicifolium, Ranunculusmultifidus, Hypoestes triflora, Pteridiumaquilinum, Rubia cordifolia, Hypolepis spec.,Galinsoga ciliata, Riccia stricta, DumortierahirsutaClimbersSericostachys scandens, Urera hypselodendron,Clerodendron fuscum, Smilax kraussiana, Cle-matis simensis, Cyphostemma mildbraedii,Thunbergia alataEpiphytesPleopeltis schraderi, Drynaria volkensii, Asple-nium sandersonii Asplenium blastophorum,Culcasia falcifolia, Canarina eminii, Angrae-cum humile.

119, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, primary tropical rainforestalong Luhoho stream, 850 m, 22.08.1991Riverine forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesUapaca benguellensis, Uapaca kirkiana, Albi-zia gummifera, Zanthoxylum gilletii, Pentades-ma lebrunii, Annonidium mannii, Cynometraalexandri, Lebrunia bushaje, Julbernardia sere-ti, Gilbertiodendron dewevrei, Staudtia stipita-ta, Anthonota macrophyllaSmall trees and woody shrubsRauwolfia mannii, Rinorea brachypetala, Tho-mandersia hensii, Alchornea cordifolia, Zan-thoxylum gilletii, Tricalysia niamniamensis,

Albizia gummifera, Cyathea aethiopica, Pipta-deniastrum africanumHerbsStipularia spec., Albizia gummifera juv., Cype-rus spec., Palisota brachythyrsa, Geophila spec.,Geophila obvallata, Puelia spec., Impatiensniamniamensis, Selaginella vogelii, Selaginellaspec., Aframomum laurentii, Panicum spec.,Anubias spec., Renealmia congoensis, Sclero-sperma mannii juv., Marantochloa leucantha,Costus edulis, Marattia fraxinea, Leea guineen-sis, Impatiens clavicalcar, Impatiens erecticor-nis, Aframomum zambesiacum, Piper umbella-tum, Aneilema spec., Brillantaisia patula, Ste-phania abyssinica, Begonia zairensis, Isoglossarunssorica, Dorstenia spec.EpiphytesCulcasia scandens, Rhaphidophora africana,Bulbophyllum spec., Begonia ampla, Polysta-chya babyloni, Anapeltis owariensis

120, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, primary tropical rainforeston slope, 900 m, 22.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesGilbertiodendron dewevrei, Uapaca benguel-lensis, Symphonia globulifera, Mammea africa-na, Khaya anthotheca, Cola acuminata, Om-phalocarpum spec., Zanthoxylum gilletii, Pen-tadesma lebrunii, Annonidium mannii, Cynome-tra alexandri, Lebrunia bushaje, Julbernardiasereti, Penthaclethra spec., Staudtia stipitata,Myrianthus arboreus, Pycnanthus angolensis,Klainedoxia gabonensis, Irvingia gabonensis.Small trees and woody shrubsRinorea brachypetala, Thomandersia hensii,Memecylon walikalense, Alchornea cordifolia,Angylocalyx pynaertii, Tricalysia niamniamen-sis, Cyathea aethiopica, Schefflera kivuensis,Gilbertiodendron dewevrei, Barteria spec.,Polyscias kivuensis, Pausinstylia ituriensis,Mezoneuron spec.,Sclerosperma mannii, Kige-lia aethiopica, Voacanga spec.HerbsStipularia spec., Palisota brachythyrsa, Geo-phila spec., Geophila obvallata, Puelia spec.,Impatiens niamniamensis, Selaginella vogelii,Selaginella spec., Aframomum laurentii, Mela-stomataceae, Anubias spec., Renealmia con-goensis, Marantochloa leucantha, Albizia gum-

25

mifera juv., Costus edulis, Marattia fraxinea,Impatiens erecticornis, Begonia spec., Isoglos-sa runssorica, Blotiella stipitata, Uapaca ben-guellensis juv., Gilbertiodendron dewevrei juv.,Oplismenus spec., Commelina spec., Hypoestesspec., Dracaena laxissima, Coleus spec., Ne-phyptis spec., Haumannia danckelmanniana,Halopegia azurea.ClimbersSmilax kraussiana, Afromendocia spec., Dios-corea spec.Semi-parasitesTapinanthus spec.EpiphytesCulcasia scandens, Rhaphidophora africana,Bulbophyllum spec., Begonia ampla, Begoniaspec., Polystachya babyloni, Peperomia rotun-difolia, Medinilla mannii, Angraecum distichum,Oleandra distenta, Drynaria volkensii, Anapel-tis owariensis, Asplenium sandersonii, Impa-tiens irangiensis, Impatiens paucidentata, Loxo-gramme spec., Rhipsalis baccifera.

121, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, primary tropical rainforeston ridge, 1000 m, 23.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesGilbertiodendron dewevrei, Uapaca benguel-lensis, Omphalocarpum spec., Annonidiummannii, Cynometra alexandri, JulbernardiaseretiSmall trees and woody shrubsRinorea brachypetala, Thomandersia hensii,Alchornea cordifolia, Tricalysia niamniamensisHerbsStipularia spec., Palisota brachythyrsa, Geo-phila spec., Geophila obvallata, Puelia spec.,Impatiens niamniamensis, Marantochloa leu-cantha, Albizia gummifera juv., Gilbertioden-dron dewevrei juv., Haumannia danckelmannia-naClimbersSmilax kraussianaSemi-parasitesTapinanthus spec.EpiphytesCulcasia scandens, Rhaphidophoraafricana,Bulbophyllum spec., Begonia spec.,Polystachya babyloni, Anapeltis owariensis,Peperomia rotundifolia, Medinilla mannii,

Angraecum distichum, Oleandra distenta, Dry-naria volkensii, Asplenium sandersonii, Impa-tiens irangiensis, Impatiens paucidentata, Loxo-gramme spec., Rhipsalis baccifera

122, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, wet rock boulders and verywet rainforest near waterfalls, 900 m, 23.08.1991

123, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, primary tropical rainforest,1100 m, 23.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesJulbernardia sereti, Anthonota acuminata,Musanga cecropioides, Piptadeniastrum africa-num, Cynometra alexandri, Staudtia stipitataSmall trees and woody shrubsZanthoxylum gilleti, Alchornea cordifolia, Psy-chotria spec., Voacanga spec., Piptadeniastrumafricanum, Gilbertiodendron dewevrei, Colaacuminata, Angylocalyx pynaertii, Annonidiummannii, Pavetta spec., Scaphopetalum thonneri,Lasianthus spec., Polyscias kivuensisHerbsLeptaspis cochleata, Palisota brachythyrsa,Palisota mannii, Palisota spec., Thalia spec.,Renealmia congoensis, Geophila obvallata,Impatiens clavicalcar, Cyathea aethiopica, Sti-pularia africana, Amorphophallus bequaertii,Blotiella stipitata, Brachystephanus africanus,Impatiens spec. nov., Maranthochloa leucan-tha, Begonia zairensis, Culcasia scandens,Chloachne oplismenoidesClimbersAcacia montigena, Monanthotaxis poggei, Cis-sus spec.EpiphytesAsplenium sandersonii, Anthrophytum mannii,Nephrolepis biserrata, Culcasia scandens,Rhaphidophora africana

124, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, submontane rainforest belowcliffs at the SW slope of Mt. Ilimu, 1300 m,23.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesAnningeria altissima, Mammaea africana, Cy-nometra alexandri, Julbernardia sereti, Gilber-tiodendron dewevrei, Cola acuminata, Monodo-ra spec., Staudtia stipitata, Piptadeniastrum

26

africanumSmall trees and woody shrubsVoacanga spec., Scaphopetalum thonneri, Zan-thoxylum mildbraedii, Memecylon walikalense,Lasianthus spec., Monopetalanthus spec., Pip-tadeniastrum africanumHerbsThonningia sanguinea, Renealmia congoensis,Leptaspis cochleata, Dryopteris spec., Cincin-nobotrys speciosa, Cola acuminata juv., Geo-phila obvallata, Blotiella stipitata, Stipulariaafricana, Palisota mannii, Maranthochloa leu-canthaEpiphytesAsplenium sandersonii, Anapeltis owariensis,Culcasia scandens, Rhaphidophora africana

125, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, rocky cliffs at the SW slopeof Mt. Ilimu, 1300 m, 23.08.1991

126, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, Summit forest of Mt. Ilimu,1500 m, 23.08.1991Transitional forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesOcotea michelsonii, Symphonia globulifera,Julbernardia sereti, Polyscias kivuensis, Colaacuminata, Piptadeniastrum africanum, Staud-tia stipitataSmall trees and woody shrubsJaundea pinnata, Cola acuminata, Symphoniaglobulifera, Rytigynia spec., Zanthoxylum mild-braedii, Memecylon walikalense, Monopetalan-thus spec.HerbsDryopteris spec., Doryopteris spec., Symphoniaglobulifera juv., Pteris spec., Palisota mannii,Geophila obvallata, Renealmia congoensis,Asplenium cf. friesiorum, Dracaena spec. juv.,Impatiens niamniamensis, Impatiens clavical-car, Stipularia africanaEpiphytesBulbophyllum kivuense, Anapeltis owariensis,Drynaria volkensii, Asplenium sandersonii,Asplenium theciferum, Culcasia falcifolia

127, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Irangi Forest Station 110km NW of Bukavu, Site surrounding the fieldsta-tion at the S bank of Luhoho river, 850 m,

25.08.1991

128, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, surroundings of Camp Biega 30 km W ofBukavu, 2400 m, 28.08.1991Bamboo forestTreesArundinaria alpina, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Hagenia abyssinica, Nuxia floribundaShrubsDracaena afromontana, Schefflera goetzenii,Xymalos monospora, Polyscias fulva, Cleroden-dron johnstoni, Macaranga neomildbraediana,Canthium oligocarpumHerbsPanicum calvum, Phyllanthus odontadenius,Plectranthus luteus, Volkensia glomerata, Lo-belia gibberoa, Polygala ruwenzoriensis, Asple-nium friesiorum, Asplenium monanthes, Ipo-moea involucrata, Selaginella spec.EpiphytesPolystachya cultrella, Bolusiella iridifoliaClimbersMikaniopsis scandens

129, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, surroundings of Camp Biega 30 km W ofBukavu, Marais Lushanja S of Camp Biega,2350 m, 27.08.1991Cyperus denudatus-Erica rugegensis-Xyris bogErica rugegensis, Cyperus denudatus, Xyrisvalida, Osmunda regalis, Sphagnum planifoliumrugegense, Laurembergia tetrandra, Otiophorapauciflora burttii, Rapanea melanophloeos,Blechnum tabulare, Isolepis fluitans, Sphagnumstrictum pappeanum, Coelachne africana, Al-chemilla ellenbeckii, Hypericum revolutum,Arachniopsis diacantha

130, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, surroundings of Camp Biega 30 km W ofBukavu, 2500 m, 28.08.1991Bamboo thicket at S foot of Biega ridgeTreesArundinaria alpinaSmall trees and woody shrubsNuxia floribunda, Dracaena afromontana,Xymalos monospora, Polyscias fulvaHerbsBlotiella stipitata, Phyllanthus odontadenius,

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Asplenium monanthes, Pilea rivularis, Hypoe-stes triflora, Plectranthus luteus, Ipomoea invo-lucrata, Selaginella, Thalictrum rhynchocar-pum, Panicum calvumClimbersMikaniopsis scandens

131, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, 2600 m, 28.08.1991Podocarpus-Psychotria forest at the upper mar-gin of bamboo forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesPodocarpus latifolius, Syzygium guineense,Psychotria mahoni, Rapanea melanophloeos,Xymalos monospora, Balthasarea schliebenii,Schefflera goetzenii, Arundinaria alpinaSmall trees and woody shrubsXymalos monospora, Chassalia subochreata,Schefflera goetzenii, Psychotria mahoni, Rham-nus prinoides, Allophylus chaunobotrys, Dra-caena afromontana, Arundinaria alpina, Mimu-lopsis arborescens, Volkensia glomerataHerbsAsplenium cf. stuhlmannii, Rubus runssorensis,Dryopteris squamiseta, Pteridium aquilinum,Cyperus spec., Blotiella stipitata, Brillantaisiacicatricosa, Isoglossa vulcanica, Aspleniumanisophyllum, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum,Asplenium monanthes, Plectranthus luteusClimbersGynura scandens, Rhynchostigma racemosum,Urera hypselodendron, Clerodendron fuscum,Begonia meyeri-johannisEpiphytesUsnea spec., Loxogramme lanceolata, Xiphop-teris flabelliforme, Hymenophyllum polyanthos,Asplenium theciferum, Vittaria guineensis,Peperomia fernandopoiana

132, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, Erica rugegensis stand cove-ring the main Biega ridge from 2600 m to thesummit 2705 m, 28.08.1991Erica rugegensis, Vaccinium stanleyi, Breuteliastuhlmannii, Breutelia diffracta, Polygala ru-wenzoriensis, Plectranthus spec., Aspleniumspec., Senecio mariettae, Hedythyrsusthamnoideus, Lycopodium clavatum, Pteridiumaquilinum, Schefflera myriantha, Myricasalicifolia, Rhamnus prinoides, Vernonia

scaettae, Peucedanum runssoricum, Luzulaabyssinica, Agauria salicifolia, Disa stairsii,Dicranum johnstoni, Cladonia spec.,Leptodontium spec., Peltigera spec., Campylopusspec., Sphagnum strictum pappeanum, SphagnumplanifoliumEpiphytesUsnea spec., Cornicularia spec., Parmelia spec.,Schiffneriolejeunea pappeana, Leucolejeuneaxanthocarpa, Herbertus subdentatus, Plagio-chila ericicola, Frullania angulata, Loxogram-me lanceolata, Polystachya spec.

133, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, Podocarpus-Syzygium forest 1-2 km W of Camp Biega, 2470 m, 29.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesPodocarpus latifolius, Syzygium rowlandi, Bal-thasarea schliebenii, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Agauria salicifolia, Arundinaria alpina,Psychotria mahoni, Rapanea melanophloeos,Canthium oligocarpumSmall trees and woody shrubsVaccinium stanleyi, Lasianthus kilimandjari-cus, Pavetta rwandensis, Macaranga neomild-braediana, Psychotria mahoni, Xymalosmonospora, Schefflera goetzenii, Balthasareaschliebenii, Podocarpus latifolius, Rhamnusprinoides, Eugenia capensis, Chassaliasubochreata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Maesalanceolata, Allophylus chaunobotrys, Rutideafuscescens, Tricalysia niamniamensis, Myricasalicifolia, Erica rugegensisHerbsOsmunda regalis, Asparagus asparagoides,Blechnum tabulare, Asplenium anisophyllum,Dryopteris squamiseta, Drymaria cordata,Panicum monticola, Cyperus spec., Isolepis flui-tans, Impatiens purpureo-violacea, Rubus ki-rungensis, Asplenium monanthes, Linderniasubracemosa, Pilea johnstoni, Isolepis costatus,Phyllanthus odontadenius, Carex chlorosaccos,Brillantaisia cicatricosa, Cyclosorus dentatus,Rubus steudneri, Cyperus denudatus, Sphagnumplanifolium, Cincinnobotrys oreophilaClimbersRhynchostigma racemosum, Coccinea mildbrae-dii, Begonia meyeri-johannis, Monanthotaxisorophila, Mikaniopsis scandens, Dracaena la-xissima

28

EpiphytesLepidozia cupressina, Frullania angulata, Pilo-trichella spec., Asplenium sandersonii, Xiphop-teris flabelliforme, Loxogramme lanceolata,Vittaria guineensis, Hymenophyllum polyanthos,Elaphoglossum aubertii, Polystachya spec.,Peperomia fernandopoiana,Peperomia tetra-phylla, Cyrtorchis arcuata, Polystachyavulcanica, Tridactyle spec., Chamaeangissarcophylla

134, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, Sphagnum-Juncus effusus bog1-2 km W of Camp Biega, 2470 m, 29.08.1991Juncus effusus, Cyperus nigricans, Sphagnumplanifolium rugegense, Osmunda regalis, Hype-ricum revolutum, Rapanea melanophloeos, Iso-lepis fluitans, Polytrichum commune, Campylo-pus spec., Psychotria mahoni, Sphagnum cuspi-datum, Otiophora pauciflora burttii, Asparagusasparagoides

135, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, Hagenia-Agauria forest on theE-slopes of Biega range, 2475-2560 m,29.08.1991TreesHagenia abyssinica, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Afrocrania volkensii, Rapanea melanoph-loeos, Nuxia floribunda, Agauria salicifoliaShrubsPsychotria mahoni, Rapanea melanophloeos,Canthium oligocarpum, Xymalos monospora,Polyscias fulva, Volkensia glomerata, Podocar-pus latifoliusHerbsPanicum calvum, Senecio maranguensis, Pteri-dium aquilinum, Asplenium monanthes, Asple-nium friesiorum, Vernonia spec., Thalictrumrhynchocarpum, Asparagus asparagoides, Ru-bus steudneri, Eulophia horsfallii, Epipactisafricana, Lycopodium clavatum, Otiophorapauciflora ssp. burttii, Blechnum tabulare,Cyperus spec.ClimbersClerodendron buchholzii, Rhynchostigma race-mosum

136, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, bamboo stand 2 km W of Camp

Biega on the lower E-slope of the Biega range,2500 m, 29.08.1991TreesArundinaria alpina, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Hagenia abyssinica, Polyscias fulva,Nuxia floribunda, Maesa lanceolataSmall trees and woody shrubsAgauria salicifolia, Clerodendron johnstoni,Dracaena afromontana, Syzygium rowlandi,Chassalia subochreata, Polyscias fulva, Psy-chotria mahoni, Allophylus chaunobotrys,Xymalos monospora, Rhamnus prinoides, Can-thium oligocarpum, Eugenia capensis, Podo-carpus latifolius, Jaundea pinnata, Cyatheamanniana, Lasianthus kilimandscharicusHerbsAsplenium anisophyllum, Drymaria cordifolia,Blechnum tabulare, Selaginella, Panicum cal-vum, Rubus kirungensis, Pilea rivularis, Phyl-lanthus odontadenius, Vernonia amygdalina,Volkensia glomerata, Asplenium monanthes,Plectranthus luteus, Lobelia gibberoa, Polygalaruwenzoriensis, Thalictrum rhynchocarpum,Plectranthus spec., Dryopteris squamiseta,Desmodium spec., Ardisiandra wettsteinii, Se-necio maranguensis, Epipactis africanaClimbersSchefflera goetzenii, Ipomoea involucrata,Thunbergia spec., Begonia meyeri-johannis,Gynura scandens, Urera hypselodendron, Mi-kania cordata, Clematis simensisEpiphytesAsplenium sandersonii, Vittaria guineensis,Polystachya spec., Bolusiella iridifolia

137, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, Philippia heath on the E slopesof the southern Biega range with boulders andcliffs, 2560-2610 m, 29.08.1991TreesPhilippia benguellensis, Hagenia abyssinica,Macaranga neomildbraediana, Myrica salicifo-lia, Balthasarea schliebenii, Arundinaria alpi-na, Agauria salicifoliaSmall trees and woody shrubsHypericum revolutum, Nuxia floribunda, Rapa-nea melanophloeos, Canthium oligocarpum,Vaccinium stanleyi, Macaranga neomildbrae-dianaHerbs

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Panicum calvum, Lycopodium clavatum, Virec-taria major, Pteridium aquilinum, Senecio ma-ranguensis, Ardisiandra wettsteini, Disa stair-sii, Epipactis africana, Senecio mariettae, Blech-num tabulare, Volkensia glomerata, Aspleniumanisophyllum, Asplenium monanthes, Rubuskirungensis, Drymaria cordifolia, Otiophorapauciflora, Salvia niloticaClimbersClematis simensis, Rhynchostigma racemosumEpiphytesElaphoglossum aubertii

138, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, dry Hagenia forest and secon-dary grasslands near Kasirusiru park gate at theE end of National Park, 2300 - 2370 m, 30.08.1991TreesHagenia abyssinica, Bersama abyssinica, Agau-ria salicifoliaShrubsCanthium oligocarpum, Rapanea melanophlo-eos, Rubus kirungensis,Lobelia gibberoa, Polygala ruwenzoriensis,Nuxia floribundaHerbsPanicum calvum, Asplenium friesiorum, Ipo-moea involucrata, Asplenium monanthes, Sene-cio maranguensis, Pennisetum spec., Commeli-na spec., Lactuca attenuata, Eriosema monta-num, Triumfetta cordifoliaSecondary grassland withEragrostis racemosa, Pteridium aquilinum,Themeda triandra, Dissotis brazzae, Berkheyaspekeana, Blaeria kivuensis, Eriosema monta-num, Protea madiensis

139, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega, secondary montane forest 2 kmN of Kasirusiru park gate, 2550 m, 30.08.1991139 ATreesMacaranga neomildbraediana, Maesa lanceo-lata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Nuxia floribun-da, Afrocrania volkensiiShrubsCanthium oligocarpum, Psychotria mahoni,Syzygium guineense, Xymalos monospora, Po-lyscias fulva, Jaundea pinnata, Cyathea man-niana, Rubus steudneri, Myrianthus holstii,

Carapa grandiflora, Chassalia subochreata,Dracaena laxissima, Maytenus acuminataHerbsAsplenium friesiorum, Polyscias fulva juv., Pi-lea spec., Piper capense, Lobelia gibberoa juv.,Drymaria cordifolia, Thalictrum rhynchocar-pum, Panicum spec., Commelina spec., Impa-tiens warburgianaClimbersBegonia meyeri-johannis, Mikania cordata,Rhynchostigma racemosum, Clerodendron buch-holzii, Taccazea apiculataEpiphytesDrynaria volkensii, Culcasia falcifolia, Angrae-cum humile

139 BTreesAgauria salicifolia, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Maesa lanceolata, Rapanea melanophlo-eos, Hagenia abyssinica, Nuxia floribunda,Bridelia brideliifolia, Anthocleista grandiflora,Polyscias fulvaShrubsPsychotria mahoni, Macaranga neomildbrae-diana, Rapanea melanophloeos, Canthium oli-gocarpum, Xymalos monospora, Clutia abyssi-nica, Polyscias fulva, Myrica salicifolia, Bersa-ma abyssinicaHerbsAsplenium friesiorum, Panicum calvum, Rubussteudneri, Lycopodium clavatum, Jaundea pin-nata, Senecio maranguensis, Asplenium monan-thes, Polygala ruwenzoriensisClimbersAsparagus asparagoidesEpiphytesDrynaria volkensii

140, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega area, Lobelia mildbraedii-Cype-rus denudatus bog in small valley 2 km N ofKasirusiru park gate, 2250 m, 30.08.1991Lobelia mildbraedii, Brillantaisia cicatricosa,Alchemilla ellenbeckii, Cyperus latifolius, Eu-lophia horsfallii, Hagenia abyssinica juv., Cyc-losorus spec., Canthium oligocarpum, Jasmi-num abyssinicum, Rapanea melanophloeos,Hypericum revolutum, Stephania abyssinica,Stephania cyanantha, Triumfetta cordifolia,

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Satyrium crassicaule, Epipactis africana, Ga-lium chloroionanthum, Carduus nyassanus,Epilobium stereophyllum, Centella asiatica,Afrocrania volkensii, Culcasia falcifolia, Clutiaabyssinica

141, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Biega area, Podocarpus-Ocotea forestat the margins of Lushanja bog, SW of CampBiega, 2400 m, 31.08.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesPodocarpus latifolius, Syzygium rowlandi,Ocotea usambarensis,Balthasarea schliebenii, Macaranga neomild-braediana, Harungana montana, Rapanea me-lanophloeosSmall trees and woody shrubsLasianthus kilimandjaricus, Macaranga neo-mildbraediana, Xymalos monospora, Scheffleragoetzenii, Vaccinium stanleyi, Balthasareaschliebenii, Podocarpus latifolius, Arundinariaalpina, Polyscias fulva, Rhamnus prinoides, Eu-genia capensis, Canthium oligocarpum, Clutiaabyssinica, Allophylus chaunobotrys, Rutideafuscescens, Polygala engleri, Rubus kirungen-sis, Salacia erecta, Jaundea pinnataHerbsAsparagus asparagoides, Asplenium anisophyl-lum, Dryopteris squamiseta, Drymaria cordata,Panicum monticola, Impatiens purpureo-viola-cea, Impatiens stuhlmannii, Pilea johnstoni,Chlorophytum sparsiflorum, Brillantaisia cica-tricosaClimbersStephania cyanantha, Monanthotaxis orophila,Mikaniopsis scandens, Gynura scandens, Dra-caena laxissimaEpiphytesLepidozia cupressina, Frullania angulata, Pilo-trichella spec., Asplenium sandersonii, Asple-nium blastophorum, Asplenium theciferum,Asplenium mannii, Loxogramme lanceolata,Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Hymenophyllumcapillare, Elaphoglossum aubertii, Polystachyaspec.,Peperomia fernandopoiana, Canarinaeminii, Senecio kanzibiensis, Cyrtorchis arcua-ta, Chamaeangis sarcophylla, Bolusiella iridi-folia

142, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-National

Park, Mt. Biega area, small forest covered islet inthe Marais Lushanja, 2350 m, 01.09.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesPodocarpus latifolius, Syzygium rowlandi,Macaranga neomildbraediana, Psychotriamahoni, Rapanea melanophloeos,Canthium oligocarpumSmall trees and woody shrubsVaccinium stanleyi, Lasianthus kilimandjari-cus, Pavetta rwandensis, Psychotria mahoni,Xymalos monospora, Rhamnus prinoides,Chassalia subochreata, Allophyluschaunobotrys, Rutidea fuscescens, Tricalysianiamniamensis, Myrica salicifolia, EricarugegensisHerbsOsmunda regalis, Asparagus asparagoides,Blechnum tabulare, Asplenium anisophyllum,Dryopteris squamiseta, Isolepis fluitans, Impa-tiens purpureo-violacea, Isolepis costatus, Ru-bus steudneri, Cyperus denudatus, Sphagnumplanifolium, Cincinnobotrys oreophilaClimbersRhynchostigma racemosum, Begonia meyeri-johannis, Monanthotaxis orophila, Mikaniopsisscandens, Dracaena laxissimaEpiphytesFrullania angulata, Pilotrichella spec., Xiphop-teris flabelliforme, Loxogramme lanceolata,Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Polystachya spec.,Peperomia fernandopoiana, Cyrtorchis arcua-ta, Polystachya vulcanica, Tridactyle spec.,Chamaeangis sarcophylla

143, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Kakenge, submontane secondary forestwith many treeferns along road from Tshivangato Kalonge, 2100 m, 02.09.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesParinari excelsa, Albizia gummifera, Carapagrandiflora, Symphonia globulifera, Newtoniabuchanani, Alangium chinense, MacaranganeomildbraedianaSmall trees and woody shrubsAlbizia gummifera, Carapa grandiflora, Maesalanceolata, Symphonia globulifera, Chassaliasubochreata, Macaranga neomildbraediana,Tabernaemontana johnstoni, Psychotria spec.,Lasianthus kilimandscharicus, Jaundea pinna-ta, Alangium chinense, Teclea nobilis, Dalber-

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ClimbersRhynchostigma racemosumEpiphytesLoxogramme lanceolata, Xiphopteris flabelli-forme, Usnea spec.

146, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, open rocks with cliffs alongsummit trail, 2900 - 3000 m, 03.09.1991Deschampsia flexuosa, Erica rugegensis, Airacaryophyllaea, Vernonia scaettae, Otiophorapauciflora ssp. burttii, Helichrysum nandense,Helichrysum mildbraedii, Cyanotis spec., Xi-phopteris flabelliforme, Vaccinium stanleyi,Bothriocline ugandensis, Kniphofia thomsoniae,Breutelia diffracta, Breutelia stuhlmannii,Campylopus flaccidus, Polytrichum piliferum

147, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, bamboo thicket on the ridgealong summit trail, 3100 - 3140 m, 03.09.1991TreesArundinaria alpinaShrubsRytigynia spec., Psychotria mahoni, Maesalanceolata,HerbsRubus kirungensis, Impatiens gesneroidea su-perglabra, Carex petitiana, Mikaniopsis tedlei,Satureja simensis, Dryopteris callolepis, Pileabambuseti

148, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, Elfin forest like Podocarpus-Syzygium stand bamboo along summit trail, 3140- 3200 m, 03.09.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesPodocarpus latifolius, Psychotria mahoni, Can-thium oligocarpum, Syzygium guineenseSmall trees and woody shrubsVolkensia glomerata, Vaccinium stanleyi, Ericarugegensis, Hedythyrsus thamnoideusHerbsAsplenium cf. stuhlmannii, Dryopteris squami-seta, Senecio trichopterygius, Impatiens gesne-roidea superglabra, Carex petitianaEpiphytesPlagiochila ericicola, Herbertus subdentatus,Chandonanthus hirtellus, Usnea spec., Xiphop-teris flabelliforme, Hymenophyllum polyanthos

149, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, Erica-Senecio-Subparamoalong summit trail, 3200 - 3300 m, 03.09.1991Senecio johnstoni kahuzicus, Erica rugegensis,Deschampsia flexuosa afromontana, Lycopo-dium clavatum, Hedythyrsus thamnoideus, Vac-cinium stanleyi, Senecio subsessilis, Disa stair-sii, Huperzia saururus, Impatiens gesneroideasuperglabra, Sphagnum strictum pappeanum,Breutelia stuhlmannii, Breutelia diffracta, Ver-nonia scaettae, Luzula abyssinica, Isolepis seta-cea, Viola eminii, Carex conferta, Peucedanumrunssoricum, Pityrogramma aurantiaca, Sene-cio trichopterygius, Kniphofia thomsoniae,Carpha angustissima, Helichrysum mildbrae-dii, Helichrysum formosissimum, HelichrysumforskahleiEpiphytesHerbertus subdentatus, Chandonanthus cavallii

150, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, summit region with dwarfErica, grasslands and rocks, 3307 m, 03.09.1991Helichrysum mildbraedii, Helichrysum forskah-lei, Helichrysum formosissimum, Deschampsiaflexuosa afromontana, Senecio subsessilis, Fe-stuca simensis, Viola eminii, Disa stairsii, Lyco-podium clavatum, Swertia macrosepala, Ericarugegensis, Philippia johnstoni, Isolepis seta-cea, Huperzia saururus, Rubus runssorensis,Lobelia stuhlmannii, Luzula abyssinica, Breute-lia diffracta

151, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, montane forest in valley S ofTshivanga-Irangi road around big swamp, 2300m, 03.09.1991

152, Zaïre, Prov. Kivu, Kahuzi-Biega-NationalPark, Mt. Kahuzi, submontane forest in the NNEvalley of Kahuzi N of the park boarder close toTshivanga-Irangi road, 1930 - 2060 m,06.09.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesNewtonia buchanani, Parinari excelsa, Albiziagummifera, Strombosia scheffleri, Carapa gran-diflora, Symphonia globulifera, Chrysophyllumgorungosanum, Pancovia golungensisSmall trees and shrubs

34

sepalum, Chlorophytum spec.ClimbersMikaniopsis scandens, Acacia montigena, Schef-flera goetzenii, Begonia meyeri-johannisEpiphytesPeperomia tetraphylla, Peperomia fernandopo-iana, Begania spec., Culcasia falcifolia, Asple-nium sandersonii

153, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Tea plantationnear Cyongoroka along road from Cyangugu toButare, roadside ditch, 1600 m, 10.09.1991

154, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Tea plantationnear the W edge of Nyungwe forest near Gisaku-ra, bryophytes under tea shrubs and in ditches,1970 m, 10.09.1991

155, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, W edge of forest near Gisakura, verymossy forest, 2000 m, 10.09.1991Canopy trees and medium-sized treesAnthocleista grandiflora, Syzygium guineense,Carapa grandiflora, Pentadesma reyndersiiSmall trees and woody shrubsSyzygium guineense, Psychotria palustris, Al-chornea hirtella, Chassalia subochreata, Hyme-nodictyon floribundum, Rapanea melanophlo-eos, Anthocleista grandiflora, Maesa lanceola-ta, Carapa grandiflora, Tricalysia niamniamen-sis, Lasianthus kilimandscharicus, Rutidea orien-talis, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Schefflera myrianthaHerbsImpatiens purpureo-violacea, Impatiens niam-niamensis, Drynaria volkensii, Cyperus denu-datus, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Tristemmaleiocalyx, Phyllanthus odontadenius, Coelach-ne africana, Brillantaisia cicatricosa, Otiopho-ra pauciflora burttiiClimbersRhynchostigma racemosum, Periploca spec.,Begonia meyeri-johannisEpiphytesHymenophyllum triangulare, Xiphopteris fla-belliforme, Oleandra distenta, Vittaria spec.,Impatiens keilii, Peperomia fernandopoiana,Peperomia tetraphylla, Begonia spec., Canari-na eminii, Culcasia falcifolia, Aerangis musci-cola, Polystachya troupinii

156, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, along road from Cyangugu to Butare,1 km E of Pindura, near small waterfall, 2380 m,10.09.1991

157, Rwanda, Pref. de Cyangugu, Forêt deNyungwe, along road from Cyangugu to Butare,highest point of road E of Rwasenkoko, 2460 m,11.09.1991

158, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisim-bi, secondary forest at park gate, S-slope of Mt.Bisoke, 2700 - 3000 m, 13.09.1991TreesDombeya goetzenii, Hagenia abyssinica, Afroc-rania volkensiiShrubsSenecio mannii, Dombeya goetzenii, Girardiniabullosa, Vernonia auriculifera, Discopodiumpenninervum, Lobelia gibberoaHerbsCarduus leptacanthus, Plectranthus assurgens,Impatiens burtoni, Girardinia bullosa, Plantagopalmata, Peucedanum spec., Galium chloroio-nanthum, Parochetus communis, Tectaria spec.,Asplenium friesiorum, Alchemilla kivuensis,Hypoestes triflora, Geranium aculeolatum, Tri-folium pursegloveiClimbersUrera hypselodendron, Gynura scandens

159, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisimbi,Hagenia-Hypericum forest (with mossballs onbranches) in the saddle between Mt. Bisoke andMt. Karisimbi, 3000 - 3300 m, 13.09.1991 (fig.5).TreesHagenia abyssinica, Hypericum revolutumShrubsHypericum revolutum, Lobelia gibberoaHerbsCarduus nyassanus, Carex petitiana, Carexmildbraediana, Carex conferta, Carex johnsto-ni, Parochetus communis, Echinops hoehneli,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Ranunculus cf.multifidus, Laportea ovalifolia, Selaginella spec.,Galium chloroionanthum, Geranium aculeola-tum, Callitriche vulcanica, Alchemilla kivuen-sis, Alchemilla cryptantha, Lobelia gibberoajuv., Senecio maranguensis, Hypolepis centrali-

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Senecio johnstoni ssp. refractisquamatus, Hype-ricum revolutum, Lobelia stuhlmannii, Lobeliawollastonii juv., Helichrysum helothamnus,Alchemilla johnstoni, Festuca engleri, Des-champsia flexuosa, Subularia monticola,Erigeron spec., Callitriche vulcanica, Carexconferta, Isolepis setacea, Isolepis fluitans,Romulea congoensis, Luzula johnstoni, Luzulaabyssinica, Lobelia minutula, Swertiamacrosepala, Galium ruwenzoriense, Rubusrunssorensis, Parochetus communis, Carduusnyassanus, Alchemilla ellenbeckii, Poa annua,Viola eminii, Helichrysum formosissimum,Breutelia stuhlmannii

162, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisimbi,Senecio-Lobelia stuhlmannii paramo on the E-slopes along trail to summit, 3600 - 3900 m,14.09.1991Senecio johnstoni ssp. refractisquamatus, Lobe-lia stuhlmannii, Lobelia gibberoa, Philippiajohnstoni, Hypericum revolutum, Alchemillajohnstoni, Festuca engleri, Deschampsia fle-xuosa, Subularia monticola, Carex conferta,Carex petitiana, Isolepis setacea, Isolepis flui-tans, Luzula johnstoni, Luzula abyssinica, Car-damine africana, Cerastium afromontanum,Montia fontana, Swertia macrosepala, Galiumruwenzoriense, Ranunculus stagnalis, Rubusrunssorensis, Poa leptoclada, Agrostis quinque-seta, Sibthorpia europaea, Peucedanum kerste-ni, Viola eminii, Helichrysum guilelmi, Huper-zia saururus, Breutelia stuhlmannii

163, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisim-bi, open Senecio-Lobelia wollastoni paramo atthe E slope along trail to summit, 3900 - 4200 m,14.09.1991Senecio johnstoni ssp. refractisquamatus, Lobe-lia wollastonii, Alchemilla johnstoni, Festucaabyssinica, Deschampsia flexuosa, Subulariamonticola, Luzula johnstoni, Luzula abyssinica,Cardamine africana, Cerastium afromontanum,Montia fontana, Ranunculus oreophytus, Ra-nunculus stagnalis, Callitriche vulcanica, Poaannua, Poa muhavurensis, Poa schimperiana,Romulea congoensis, Peucedanum kersteni,Viola eminii, Helichrysum guilelmi, Helichrysumnandense, Helichrysum newii, Breutelia stuhl-mannii

164, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisimbi,Alchemilla mats interrupted by boulders on the Eslope in the alpine belt, 4200 - 4400 m, 14.09.1991Alchemilla johnstoni, Poa muhaburensis, Cera-stium afromontanum, Poa schimperiana, Agro-stis taylori, Andreaea mildbraedii, Polytrichumpiliferum, Campylopus nivalis

165, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisim-bi, summit region. Alpine desert with largeboulders, 4400 - 4507 m, 14.09.1991Alchemilla johnstoni, Poa muhaburensis, And-reaea mildbraedii, Andreaea firma, Polytrichumpiliferum, Anastrophyllum auritum, Marsupellaafricana, Campylopus nivalis

166, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisim-bi, Lac Muderi Crater Lake W of Susa riversurrounded by Sphagnum-Carex peat bog, 3400m, 14.09.1991Carex runssorensis, Sphagnum strictum ssp.pappeanum, Breutelia stuhlmannii, Swertiamacrosepala, Disa stairsii, Lobelia wollastonii,Senecio johnstoni ssp. refractisquamatus, Peu-cedanum kerstenii, Subularia monticola, Hu-perzia saururus, Senecio subsessilis, Eriocaulonschimperi, Helichrysum nandense, Isolepisfluitans, Alchemilla johnstoni, Agrostis taylori,Carex johnstoni, Carex conferta

167, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Mt. Karisimbi,Erica forest SW of Susa river with large moss-balls, ground covered with Breutelia and Sphag-num, 3500 m, 14.09.1991Trees and shrubsErica arborea, Philippia johnstoni, Seneciojohnstoni ssp. refractisquamatus, Lobelia stuhl-manniiHerbsSenecio mariettae, Deschampsia flexuosa, Ca-

37

rex johnstoni, Luzula johnstoni, Alchemilla john-stoni, Xiphopteris flabelliforme, Huperzia sau-rurus, Disa stairsii, Sibthorpia europaea, Ga-lium ruwenzoriense, Breutelia stuhlmannii,Breutelia diffracta, Sphagnum spec., Chando-nanthus hirtellus ssp. giganteus

168, Rwanda, Pref. de Gisenyi, N end of Gishwa-ti forest between Ruhengeri and Gisenyi W ofGakarara, pasture with boulders, 2500 m,16.09.1991

169, Rwanda, Pref. de Ruhengeri, Tea plantationnear Mukamira between Ruhengeri and Gisenyi,banks of ditches, 2500 m, 16.09.1991

170, Rwanda, Pref. de Kibungo, E-edge of Rwandaplateau near Rugarama, NE escarpment withquartzitic rocks and dry grassland vegetation,1500 m, 18.09.1991Polystachya dendrobiiflora, Sopubia simplex,Sopubia conferta, Streptocarpus bindseili, Mic-rochloa kunthii, Pellaea calomelanos, Crassulaalba, Selaginella niamniamensis, Aspleniumstuhlmannii, Aeollanthus repens, Vernonia pe-rotteti, Boophone disticha, Parinari curatellifo-lia, Indigofera asparagoides, Albuca abyssini-ca, Sporobolus festivus, Aloe bukobana, Crate-rostigma lanceolatum, Loudetia simplex, Cassiamimosoides

171, Rwanda, Pref. de Kibungo, E-edge of Rwandaplateau, Lake Mpanga region S of AkageraNational Park, mosaic of dry Acacia woodland,dry forest and gallery forest, 1300 m, 18.09.1991171 A, Dry forestSmall trees and woody shrubsHaplocoelum gallaense, Strychnos usambaren-sis, Canthium lactescens, Nuxia congesta, Albi-zia antunesiana, Lannea fulva, Croton dichoga-mus, C. macrostachys, Teclea trichocarpa, Rhuslongipes, Securidaca longepedunculata, Lan-nea stuhlmannii, Grewia platyclada, Obetiaradula, Aloe volkensii, Capparis sepiaria var.rivae.EpiphytesUsnea sp., Frullania ericoides, Microcoeliaguyoniana, Aerangis verdickii, A. kotschyana.HerbsSansevierea parva, S. intermedia, Asplenium

aethiopicum, Pellaea adianthoides, Asparagusfalcatus, Peperomia blanda, Dioscorea prae-hensilis, Stephania abyssinica, Setaria mega-phylla, Oplismenus compositus, O. hirtellus,Sarcostemma viminale, Justicia flava, Hibiscusludwigii.

171 B, Gallery forestCanopy trees and medium-sized treesMarkhamia lutea, Pancovia golungensis, Eke-bergia capensis, Ficus vallis-choudae, Ficuslutea, Phoenix reclinata.Small trees and woody shrubsAllophylus macrobotrys, A. africanus, Grewiaplatyclada, Mimusops bagshawei, Salacia erec-ta, Bridelia scleroneura, Dracaena steudneri,Strychnos usambarensis, Clerodendron rotun-difolium.HerbsAcalypha bipartita, Cissus petiolata, Zehneriapetiolata, Oplismenus compositus, Commicar-pus plumbagineus, Haemanthus multiflorus,Setaria kagerensis.

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