synthesis 5 th grade

8/6/2019 Synthesis 5 Th Grade

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INDICADORES DE LOGRO ENGLISH

Create sentences using the present continuous. Use the present simple and present continuous.

Use the past continuous tense in sentences. Learn the different structure sentences in past continuous tense insentences.

Participate in leisure activities

INDICADORES DE LOGRO SOCIAL

Identify the basic information about The United States. Indentify the American Fauna and flora.

Identify the most important people in the American government.

Recognize what are the most important dates in the United States. Participate in leisure activities

INDICADORES DE LOGRO MATH

Identify the roman numerals.

Add and subtract roman numerals.

Recognize what is a perimeter.

Solve exercises about find the area. Participate in leisure activities.

INDICADORES DE LOGRO SCIENCE

Identify the pollination as a reproduction form of the plant.

Recognize the difference among the animal reproduction.

Differentiate the sexual characteristics.

Identify the differences in each step of the growing.

Participate in leisure activities


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Present Continuous

We use for:

Things that are happening now, at the moment.

What are you doing?She's reading in the garden.

They're not standing in the rain.

Actions happening in a period around the present moment in time.

I'm reading "The Surgeon's Mate" by Patrick O'Brian.Whose account are you working on?She's studying hard for her final exam.

Future plans and arrangements.

We're having leftovers this evening.

What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?She isn't coming on Friday.

Common present continuous time expressions include:

at the moment, now, today, this week, this month, tomorrow, next week (for future arrangements ), currently

Structure

Positive

Conjugate the helping verb "be" + verb + -ing.

I'm (I am) -> working today.You're (You are) -> working today.He's (He is) -> working today.She's (She is) -> working today.It's (It is) -> working today.We're (We are) -> working today.You're (You are) -> working today.They're (They are) -> working today.

Negative

Conjugate the helping verb "be" + not + verb + -ing.

I'm not (I am not) -> coming this evening.You aren't (You are not) -> coming this evening.He isn't (He is not) -> coming this evening.She isn't (She is not) -> coming this evening.It isn't (It is not) -> coming this evening.We aren't (We are not) -> coming this evening.You aren't (You are not) -> coming this evening.They aren't (They are not) -> coming this evening.

Questions

Question word + conjugate the helping verb 'be' + subject + verb + -ing


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What -> are you -> doing this afternoon?What -> is he -> doing this afternoon?What -> is she -> doing this afternoon?What -> is it -> doing this afternoon?What -> are we -> doing this afternoon?What -> are you -> doing this afternoon?What -> are they -> doing this afternoon?

Past Continuous

We use for:

Something happening at a specific point of time in the past

I was watching TV at 9 o'clock last night.They were working on the report at six.

Something that was happening duringa period of time in the past

We were studying during the recess.

Peter was sleeping during class.

Something that was happening when something important took place

She was speaking on the phone when he arrived.When he won the game, I was cooking.

Something that was happening while something else was happening

She was working on her homework while I was preparing dinner.They were finishing the project while we were putting together the proposal.

Common time expressions used with the past continuous:

at six, nine o'clock, etc. during, while, when

Structure

Positive

Subject + conjugate the helping verb "be" + verb + -ing.

I was, You were, He was, She was, We were, You were, They were -> watching TV when I arrived.

Negative

Subject + conjugate the helping verb "be" + not + verb + -ing.

I wasn't, You weren't, He wasn't, She wasn't, We wasn't, You wasn't, They wasn't -> working when he came intothe room.

Questions

Question word + conjugate the helping verb 'be' + subject + verb + -ing


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What -> were you, they -> doing at seven o'clock?What -> was I, he, she -> doing at seven o'clock?

United States of America

Flag Great Seal

Motto: In God We Trust (official)

E Pluribus Unum (traditional)

(Latin: Out of Many, One)

Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner"

Capital Washington, D.C.

3853N 7701W

Largest city New York City

National language English (de facto)[b]

Demonym American

Government Federalpresidentialconstitutional republic

- President Barack Obama (D)

- Vice President Joe Biden (D)
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- Speaker of the

House

John Boehner(R)

- Chief Justice John Roberts

Legislature Congress

- Upper House Senate

- Lower House House of Representatives

Independencefrom the Kingdom of Great Britain

- Declared July 4, 1776

- Recognized September 3, 1783

- Current

constitution

June 21, 1788

Area

- Total 9,826,675 km2 [1][c](3rd/4th)

3,794,101 sq mi

Population

- 2010 census 308,745,538[2] (April)

- Density 33.7/km2

87.4/sq mi

- Per capita $46,381[3] (9th)

Currency United States dollar($) (USD)
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are an adaptation to the thick marshes where it feeds and to its habitat, which is covered by deep snow much of

the year.

Elk(Cervus elaphus) make one of the more unusual sounds in the wilderness, called "bugling," which is a mating

phenom-enon. You will hear bull elk bugling in autumn as they compete with other males for dominance during

rutting season. Look for bull elk (males) and their harems of cows (females) at Gibbon Meadows, Elk Park Lamar

Valley and Mammoth Hot Springs. The park's summer elk herd is estimated at 15,00025,000.

Pronghorn,(Antilocapra americana), often referred to as antelope, rove in small herds, frequenting the rolling

sage plains at the park's north end, and are commonly visible at dawn and dusk. Pronghorn can sprint 4050

mph for long distances.

The coyote(Canis latrans) has a mottled brownish-gray coat that pales to a streaked silver in winter. It is an

important predator in the ecological system. Coyotes are opportunistic hunters, feeding on small rodents and

birds.

The osprey(Pandion haliaetus) is a raptor equipped with talons specially designed to snatch slippery fish from

lakes and streams. Some 50 to 60 pairs call Yellowstone home, returning to the same nest each year. Often

mistaken for a bald eagle, the osprey has a white head and dark brown body. Look for a distinguishing brown

eyestripe and sharply crooked wings.

The trumpeter swan(Cygnus buccinator), whose snow-white wings span seven feet, glides over Yellowstone

streams. Its thick plumage and well- developed oil glands provide good insulation against the cold, permitting the

bird to winter here. But the trumpeter swan is very sensitive to human intrusion and is easily disturbed from its

nest. Please be cautious, since every disturbance threatens the success of a swan hatching its offspring.

The most important people in the American Government:

President Obama at Cabinet meeting April 20, 2009 at the White House.White House Photo by Pete SouzaIn order of succession to the Presidency:

Vice President of the United StatesJoseph R. BidenDepartment of StateSecretary Hillary Rodham ClintonDepartment of the TreasurySecretary Timothy F. GeithnerDepartment of DefenseSecretary Robert M. GatesDepartment of JusticeAttorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr.Vice President of the United StatesJoseph R. BidenDepartment of StateSecretary Hillary Rodham ClintonDepartment of the TreasurySecretary Timothy F. Geithner

Department of DefenseSecretary Robert M. GatesDepartment of JusticeVice President of the United States

Department of DefenseSecretary Robert M. GatesDepartment of JusticeAttorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr.Department of the InteriorSecretary Kenneth L. SalazarDepartment of AgricultureSecretary Thomas J. VilsackDepartment of CommerceSecretary Gary F. Locke

Department of LaborSecretary Hilda L. SolisDepartment of Health and Human ServicesSecretary Kathleen SebeliusDepartment of Housing and Urban Development

Secretary Shaun L.S. DonovanDepartment of TransportationSecretary Ray LaHoodDepartment of Energy


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There are four basic principles for reading and writing Roman numerals:

1. A letter repeats its value that many times (XXX = 30, CC = 200, etc.). A letter can only be repeated

three times.

2. If one or more letters are placed after another letter of greater value, add that amount.

VI = 6 (5 + 1 = 6)

LXX = 70 (50 + 10 + 10 = 70)

MCC = 1200 (1000 + 100 + 100 = 1200)

3. If a letter is placed before another letter of greater value, subtract that amount.

IV = 4 (5 1 = 4)

XC = 90 (100 10 = 90)

CM = 900 (1000 100 = 900)

Several rules apply for subtracting amounts from Roman numerals:

o a. Only subtract powers of ten (I, X, or C, but not V or L)

For 95, do NOT write VC (100 5).

DO write XCV (XC + V or 90 + 5)

o b. Only subtract one number from another.

For 13, do NOT write IIXV (15 1 - 1).

DO write XIII (X + I + I + I or 10 + 3)

o c. Do not subtract a number from one that is more than 10 times greater (that is, you can

subtract 1 from 10 [IX] but not 1 from 20there is no such number as IXX.)

For 99, do NOT write IC (C I or 100 - 1).

DO write XCIX (XC + IX or 90 + 9)

4. A bar placed on top of a letter or string of letters increases the numeral's value by 1,000 times.

XV = 15, = 15,000


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One I Eleven XI Thirty XXX

Two II Twelve XII Forty XL

Thre

e

III Thirteen XIII Fifty L

Four IV Fourteen XIV Sixty LX

Five V Fifteen XV Seventy LXX

Six VI Sixteen XVI Eighty LXXX

Sev

en

VII Seventee

n

XVII Ninety XC

Eigh

t

VIII Eighteen XVIII One

hundred

C

Nine IX Nineteen XIX Five

hundred

D

Ten X Twenty XX One

thousand

M

Perimeter

The perimeter of apolygonis the distance around the outside of the polygon. A polygon is 2-dimensional; however, perimeter is 1-dimensional and is measured in linear units. To help us makethis distinction, look at our picture of a rectangular backyard. The yard is 2-dimensional: it has alength and a width. The amount of fence needed to enclose the backyard (perimeter) is 1-dimensional. The perimeter of this yard is the distance around the outside of the yard, indicated bythe red arrow; It is measured in linear units such as feet or meters.

To find the perimeter of a polygon, take the sum of the length of each side. The polygons below are much smaller than afenced-in yard. Thus, we use smaller units in our examples, such as centimeters and inches.

Example 1: Find the perimeter of a triangle with sides measuring 5 centimeters, 9 centimetersand 11 centimeters.

Solution: P = 5 cm + 9 cm + 11 cm = 25 cm

Example 2: A rectangle has a length of 8 centimeters and a width of 3 centimeters. Find theperimeter.

Solution 1: P = 8 cm + 8cm + 3 cm + 3 cm = 22 cm

Solution 2: P = 2(8 cm) + 2(3 cm) = 16 cm + 6 cm = 22 cm

In Example 2, the second solution is more commonly used. In fact, in mathematics, we commonly use the following formula forperimeter of a rectangle:

, where is the perimeter, is the length and is the width.

In the next few examples, we will find the perimeter of other polygons.
http://x2826022670%28%27polygon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27polygon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27polygon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27rectangle%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27polygon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27rectangle%27%29/


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Example 3: Find the perimeter of asquare with each side measuring 2 inches.

Solution: = 2 in + 2 in + 2 in + 2 in = 8 in

Example 4: Find the perimeter of anequilateral trianglewith each side measuring 4centimeters.

Solution: = 4 cm + 4 cm + 4 cm = 12 cm

A square and an equilateral triangle are both examples ofregular polygons. Another method for finding the perimeter of aregular polygon is to multiply the number of sides by the length of one side. Let's revisit Examples 3 and 4 using this secondmethod.

Example 5: Find the perimeter of aregular pentagon with each side measuring 3 inches.

Solution: = 5(3 in) = 15 in

Example 6: The perimeter of aregular hexagonis 18 centimeters. How long is one side?

Solution: = 18 cm

Let represent the length of one side. A regular hexagon has 6 sides, so we can

divide the perimeter by 6 to get the length of one side ( ).

= 18 cm 6

= 3 cm

Summary: To find the perimeter of a polygon, take the sum of the length of each side. The formula for perimeter of a

rectangle is: . To find the perimeter of a regular polygon, multiply the number of sides bythe length of one side.

PLANT REPRODUCTIONIf you are an organism, you will need to reproduce. Otherwise, there will be no more of your species and the species will die

off. You may have heard of endangered animals. There are also endangered plants. These endangered species have very few

individuals left and scientists/naturalists are working together to make sure the species don't become extinct.

We talked a little about reproduction when we discussed meiosis in the cells

tutorials. Reproduction is one of two things.

(1) One cell can split into two, giving you two identical cells. That type is asexual

reproduction.

(2) The second type is when two cells, each with half of the DNA needed,

combine and create a living cell. That type is sexual reproduction.

When plants hit a point in

evolution, the second is the one

that occurs more often.

MAKING MORE MOSSES

Sporophytes are the reproductive

structures you will find in mosses.

They are actually a phase of the

moss life cycle that feeds off the green parent plant (the gametophyte). The

sporophyte is a stalk that grows after the haploid sperm of one moss plant is able

to mix with the haploid egg of a female moss plant. The resulting diploid cell

grows into the sporophyte stalk. When ready, spores stored in the sporophyte are

released and they grow into new moss plants.
http://x2826022670%28%27square%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27square%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27equilateral_triangle%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27equilateral_triangle%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27equilateral_triangle%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_polygon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_pentagon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_pentagon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_hexagon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_hexagon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_hexagon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27square%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27equilateral_triangle%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_polygon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_pentagon%27%29/http://x2826022670%28%27regular_hexagon%27%29/


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CONFIERS AND THEIR CONES

While there are male and female mosses, conifers produce two types ofcones on the same tree. One of the cone types gives

off pollen (thestaminate cone). The other type of cone catches the pollen if the wind is moving in the right direction. Better yet,

the wind blows the pollen to another conifer of the same species, and a cone (called the ovulate cone) catches the pollen.

Again, the pollen and megaspore (receiving haploid cell) are haploid and combine to form a diploid cell. That diploid cell grows

into a zygote (baby conifer) that eventually lives in a seed.

FLOWERS AND POLLEN

The most advanced of the plants have their own way of sexually reproducing. It is

a very fancy and very complex process. Plants that rely on flowersfor

reproduction are also very dependent on outside help such as insects and

animals. While conifers have the two structures on one tree, flowering plants

went one step further and put the devices that make and receive pollen in the

same structure.

How does that help? A bee might go to one flower and get a little pollen on its

back. If it goes to another flower of the same species, that pollen can land on

the stigma. From that point, one haploid male nucleus combines with a female

nucleus and the other haploid male nucleus combines with a polar nucleus. If

successful, an embryo and seed/fruit develop respectively.

Animal Reproduction

Another difference is the way animals give birth to their young (babies).

Most baby mammals grow inside their mother until they are born. This is something thatmakes mammals different, because most other kinds of animals do something else...

Reptiles usually lay eggs, and the babies then grow inside the egg until they are ready tocome out.

Sometimes reptiles will give birth like mammals, without eggs.

Birds also lay eggs, with a very hard outer shell. Birds generally lay 1 to 17 eggs at a time

Amphibians lay thousands and sometimes millions of small, soft eggs, and they lay them in thewater! The eggs are jelly-like.

Amphibian means "double life"... the early part of an amphibian's life is spent in the water, and usually as they

get older then they also spend time on land. Think of a tadpole turning into a frog!!

Fish also lay many many eggs - sometimes millions of tiny eggs! They are also laid in the water.

[Mammals and milk]Another important characteristic is that mammal babies drink milk from their mothers untilthey are old enough to eat other food.

You may have seen this with mammals and their babies - including humans,


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Animal Growth

Growth implies development, from the time of emergence or birth to the time of maturity and for many species,

beyond maturity to eventual senescence or death. Growth also implies increase in size resulting from cell

multiplication and cell expansion, as well as maturation of tissues. However, growth, while accentuating increased

cell number and size, also necessitates programmed cell death, leading to the production of the final body form.

Thus, growth is an incredibly complex phenomenon, which involves changes in body form, metabolism , and

body processes.

Patterns of Growth

In most animals, the growth pattern follows an S-shaped curve. Slow early growth occurs from first emergence, or

birth, which is followed by a long phase of rapid increase in body mass and maturation of organs, especially

structural orsomatic tissue that support the individual, up to about the time of puberty or reproductive maturity.

Finally, growth slows, and in some species stops altogether after reproductive maturation. In many animals and

most plants, however, growth continues throughout life, so that the oldest individuals in the population are

generally the largest.

In birds and mammals, the young emerge looking vaguely like adults, but with different body proportions.

In many animals, young emerge looking like miniature adults, and gradually enlarge throughout their lifetime,

going through alternating stages of rapid growth and plateaus. In contrast, in some vertebrate as well as many

invertebrate species, the young emerge looking completely different from the adults and spend their early lives

acquiring body mass as a larva, then go through a metamorphosis (complete rearrangement of body pattern) to

emerge in the adult form. This is typical of some insects, such as butterflies and moths, and some amphibians,

such as frogs.

In birds and mammals, young generally emerge looking vaguely like adults, but the body proportions are very

different, characterized by an enlarged head and reduced supportive limb elements. During the rapid growth

phase of these individuals, the head grows much less than the body, limbs elongate, and skin maturation results

in the typical adult feather or fur patterns. Since young birds and mammals are usually dependent on their parents

for a time after birth, the incomplete development at birth is not a disadvantage.


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The pattern of human growth provides a good example of the change in body proportions throughout

development from birth to adult (the ultimate size of the individual). At two months past conception, the head of

the embryo makes up approximately 50 percent of its total length, and the limbs less than 25 percent. At birth, the

head size makes up about 25 percent of the total length and the limbs approximately 37 percent. Throughout

childhood, the head size to limb length ratio continues to decrease toward the adult pattern of head size about 12

percent of body length and limb size over 50 percent of body length.

Bone Growth

The increase in body size is supported by increased skeletal structure in vertebrates, as a soft and pliable

cartilage matrix becomes invested with hard and resistive bone. In the early newborn, the cartilage model of the

eventual skeletal structure serves as the template for bone deposition. Bone-forming cells called osteoblasts lay

down a "collar" of calcium and phosphate crystals in a lattice matrix around the shaft of the cartilage. This

provides the strength for the bone to bear weight. At the same time, the terminal ends of the cartilaginous model

also develop centers of osteoblastic activity, called epiphyses (singular, epiphysis). As the bone elongates, the

collar elongates and the epiphyses in the ends of the bones continue to deposit calcium and phosphate.

Eventually, the cartilage between these two bony centers of ossification, called the epiphyseal plate, is completely

replaced with the bony matrix, and growth (limb elongation) ceases.

The epiphyseal plate is maintained under the influence of a hormone from the pituitary gland (the

masterendocrine gland at the base of the brain) called growth hormone (GH). However, at puberty, the

hormones

Computer color-enhanced X ray depicting the hand development of a two, six, and nineteen year old male.

associated with reproductive maturity (estrogen and testosterone) cause an initial surge in GH release and in

elongation of limbs, and then cause closure of the epiphyseal plate, causing growth to cease. This "growth spurt"

tends to happen earlier in human females than in human males.


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synthesis 5 th grade

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