syngas routes to alternative fuels - john bogild hansen
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given Biomass Gasification Europe 2014 at the Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014.TRANSCRIPT
John Bøgild Hansen - Haldor Topsøe Alkmaar, October 2, 2014
Syngas Routes to Alternative Fuels from Renewable Sources
We have been committed to catalytic process technology for more than 70 years
¡ Founded in 1940 by Dr. Haldor Topsøe ¡ Revenue: 700 million Euros
¡ 2700 employees
¡ Headquarters in Denmark
¡ Catalyst manufacture in Denmark and the US
Gasification process
Biomass Coal
Natural gas etc.
Raw materials for gasification
Hydrogen
Methanol
Power
Ammonia
Products
Synthesis gas
CO, H2, CO2, CH4
Building blocks
etc.
SNG
Tar removal
Tar reforming – Enabling technology for biomass gasification ¡ Gasification of biomass results in a syngas that contains
tars and contaminants – 1000 -2500 ppm tar – 50 – 100 ppm S, particulates
– 850-930°C, 1-30 bar g
– Ammonia decomposition
BIOMASS
ASH
GASIFIER TAR REFORMER
Topsoe Tar Reforming in Skive ¡ Topsoe monolithic tar
reforming catalyst was started up late August 09
¡ Low ammonia slip
¡ Low methane exit
¡ Low dP
“Dusty” tar reforming
PROCESSING & UTILIZATION
TAR REFOR
MER
BIOMASS-FEED
ASH
GASIFIER
“Dusty” tar reforming
10-30 g dust / Nm3
HOT GAS FILTER
Skive Fjernvarme a.m.b.a. (Skive CHP)
Location Skive, Denmark
Capacity 21 MWth, Max 28 MWth
Operational year 2009
Fuel consumption 100 TPD
Fuel Biomass, wood pellets
Gasification techn. Air blown, bubbling fluidized bed
Pressure range 1 – 3 bar g
Power generation Gas engines
Skive Fjernvarme a.m.b.a. (Skive CHP)
“Clean” tar reforming
PROCESSING & UTILIZATION
TAR REFOR
MER
BIOMASS-FEED
ASH
DUST
HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT GAS FILTER
QUENCH GAS “Clean” tar reforming
1 -10 mg dust / Nm3
GASIFIER
Nickel-based
Gas Technology Institute, Chicago
Location Chicago, USA
Capacity ~ 4 MWth
Fuel consumption 18 TPD
Fuel Biomass, wood pellets
Gasification techn. Oxygen blown, bubbling fluidized bed
Pressure range 1-9 bar g
Gas Technology Institute, Chicago
¡ Tar reformer ~ 1150 run
hrs
¡ No soot formation
¡ 15 min. lack of oxygen
– No deactivation!
750 – 950 °C
1050 – 1375 Nm3/h
Full tar conversion
30 – 160 ppmv H2S
DME the versatile fuel
TIGAS
Con
vers
ion
(H2+
CO
)
Pressure (bar g)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
MeOH
MeOH / DME
Syngas to MeOH/DME Equilibrium
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
H2/CO
0%
Equi
libriu
m, m
ol%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
H2
CO
CO2
DME MeOH
H2O
T = 250°C
H2 = 51 CO = 48 CO2 = 1
Optimum ratio at H2:CO ≈ 1
Methanol from sustainable sources
BioDME Black Liqour to Green DME Demo
CO2 Black Liq.
Water
WGS Sulphur
Guard
MeOH Synthesis
AGR DME
Unit
Methanol Synthesis
Gasoline
C3-C4
Water
MTG Methanol To Gasoline
MeOH↔DME Gasoline Synthesis Separation
Day Tank (Raw Methanol)
Synthesis Gas
MeOH/DME Synthesis
TIGAS Topsøe Integrated Gasoline Synthesis
25 bbl/d Demonstration Plant
OXYGEN
BIOMASS
ASH
GASIFIERTAR REFORMER
BIOMASS
ASH
GASIFIERTAR REFORMER
TAR
REFO
RM
ER
BIOMASS
GA
SIFIER
ASH
http://www.energy.gov/news2009/releases.htm
Gasoline MeOH/DME / N
2
Gas Cleaning OXYGEN
MeOH /DME
Green Gasoline from Wood Using Carbona Gasification and Topsoe TIGAS Processes
Fuel Cell and Electrolyser
½O2
H2 H2O
½O2
H2O + 2e- → H2 + O2- O2-
O2- → 2e- +½O2
H2 + O2- → H2O + 2e- O2-
½O2 + 2e- → O2-
SOFC SOEC H2 H2O
H2 + CO + O2 H2O + CO2 + electric energy (∆G) + heat (T∆S) SOFC
SOEC
SOEC more efficient than present Electrolysers Internal waste heat used to split water
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Deg C.
kWh
per N
m3
H2
Minimum Electricity Input
Waste heat which can be utilised to split water
Energy needed to evaporate water
Electrolysis
CO H2 CO2
Power Steam CO2
Hydrogen SNG Methanol DME Gasoline Diesel
Syngas
GreenSynFuel Project
Mass Flows in Wood to MeOH
Mass Flows in Wood + SOEC to MeOH
Effciencies: Stand alone wood gasifier and gasifier plus SOEC
LHV Efficiency %
Wood Gasifier
alone
Wood gasifier Plus SOEC
Methanol 59.2 70.8 District Heat 22.6 10.8 Total 81.8 81.6
Synergy between SOEC and fuel synthesis
SOEC Synthesis CO2
H2O
Syn Gas
Product
Steam
Using the gas system as a key integrator
Biogas in the future integrated energy system
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Wind Sun Wave Heat (sun, geo. and
heat pump)
Biomass and waste (incl.
slurry)
PJ p
er y
ear
Used today (2008)
Potential
2050 (recommendation)
26
Domestic renewable resources to reach 100 per cent renewable energy by 2050 Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy, 2010
Fluctuating power production
Gross energy consumption 2008
Gross energy consumption 2050
Energinet.dk analysed high wind scenario
Wind scenario
2012-04-23 Renewable gases as a flexibility provider for the power grid
Source:
Conclusions ¡ Dusty tar reforming is now commercially proven ¡ Clean tar reforming has been demonstrated in
connection with succesful meOH/DME and gasoline synthesis at 25 bbl/day
¡ Sustained black liquor to DME has been proven at 4 MTPD scale and truck operation as well
¡ Coupling SOEC with biomass gasification can double the biomass potential by converting excess carbon.