STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

DURING 2013

Part I

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

PART 1: MAKE SCHOOLS, THE TYPICAL COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” DISASTER

RESILIENT

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON

•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT

DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS

MAKING ONE OF THE COMMUNITY’S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND “SAFE HAVENS” DISASTER RESILIENT IS A GOOD

POLITICAL STRATEGY

SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other)

• FAR TOO OFTEN, SCHOOLS, THE DESIGNATED (OR PERCEIVED) COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” ARE UNSAFE. . .

• BOTH WHEN SCHOOLS ARE IN SESSION DURING THE DAY, OR - - -

SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other)

• AFTER PEOPLE ARE EVACUATED TO A SCHOOL TO GET OUT OF HARM’S WAY FROM FLOODS, SEVERE WIND STORMS, OR VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABILE TO DAMAGE & LOSS OF FUNCTION IF…

• THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND STRONG GROUND SHAKING

• THEY ARE LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN • THEY ARE LOCATED IN THE STORM SURGE

INUNDATION ZONE• THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND

THE WIND FIELD• THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND

A WET VOLCANIC ASH LOAD

EARTHQUAKESCAUSE …

BUILDING COLLAPSE,

INUNDATION FROM TSUNAMIS,

WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION, INJURIES, AND DEATHS

SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

• EXCEPT FOR CALIFORNIA, NO SPECIAL SITING, DESIGN, OR CONSTRUCTION MEASURES EXIST FOR MOST SCHOOLS IN MOST STATES

SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

• EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING; HENCE, NO EVACUATION IS POSSIBLE

• LOSS OF FUNCTION CAN BE VERY DISRUPTIVE TO ENTIRE COMMUNITY

SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE UNIV., HAITI, JAN 12, 2010

SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI; JAN 12, 2010

SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE DRILLS ANYWHERE AND ANYTIME

TEMPORARY SCHOOLS ARE VULNER-ABLE: MAY 12, 2008 EARTHQUAKE

SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI: SOLOMON ISLANDS: APRIL 2007

SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: MOLISE EARTHQUAKE: OCTOBER 31, 2002

SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: 53 CHILDREN BORN IN 1996 KILLED

SCHOOL: STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CA; OCT 10, 1989

SCHOOL: MEXICO; SEPT. 19, 1985

SCHOOL: EL ASNAM, ALGERIA;OCTOBER 10, 1980

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: COALINGA, CA; MAY 2, 1983

SCHOOLS: TANGSHAN, CHINA; 1976

SCHOOL: LICE, TURKEY; SEPTEMBER 6, 1975

SCHOOL: ALASKA, MARCH 27, 1964

SCHOOL: LONG BEACH, CA, MARCH 10,1933 (LED TO THE FIELD ACT)

FLOODS

CAUSE WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF

FUNCTION

THE GREAT FLOOD OF 2008: IOWA

FLOODS IN NORTH KOREA: AUGUST 7-14, 2007

FLOODING IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, ENGLAND: JULY 2007

FLOODING IN THE SUDAN: JULY 2007

FLOODING IN IRAN: JUNE 2007

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

CAUSE WIND AND WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD

LOSS OF FUNCTION

SCHOOLS: TYPICAL SAFE HAVENS FOR HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS

• EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF THE “SAFE HAVENS” ARE UNSAFE.

TYPHOON MORAKOT: CHIATUNG, TIAWAN, AUGUST 9, 2009

CYCLONE NARGIS: POWER OUTAGE IN YANGON; MAY 18, 2008:

CYCLONE NARGIS: TAKING SHELTER IN A BUDDHIST TEMPLE

HURRICANE OMAR: ST THOMAS, VI, OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

HURRICANE OMAR: SOUFRIER; OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

SCHOOLS: TYPICAL SAFE HAVENS FOR HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS

• EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF THE “SAFE HAVENS” ARE UNSAFE.

SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005

• Many schools were damaged and some did not reopen for several months to more than a year.

SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005

• TULANE UNIVERSITY was paralyzed indefinitely by a few hours of wind, rain, storm surge, flooding, and the several-months-long recovery process.

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTIONREDUCTION

•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

CAUSE WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

SCHOOLS: INDONESIA, JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION SENDS 15,000 FLEEING

SCHOOLS: INDONESIA; JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION

• School children wearing masks to counter the adverse health effects of volcanic ash

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON

•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT