MAKING OUR WORLD DISASTER RESILIENT

“Good Success” Will be Our Legacy

Walter Hays, Global Alliance Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA Vienna, Virginia, USA 

DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST

DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST

1 < BENEFIT/COST < 1000

THE PAYOFF IS GREATER SAFETY, SECURITY, HEALTH CARE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EVRYONE

1 < BENEFIT/COST < 1000

THE PAYOFF IS GREATER SAFETY, SECURITY, HEALTH CARE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EVRYONE

AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT

• INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

• FLOODS• SEVERE

WINDSTORMS• EARTHQUAKES• TSUNAMIS

AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT

• DROUGHTS• VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS• LANDSLIDES• WILDFIRES

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT

RESILIENT TO INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

A Routine Delivery of Gas to a Maternity Hospital in Mexico

City Leads to a Deadly Explosion Killing 4 and Injuring

Dozens

January 29, 2015

ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER

• The explosion occurred when a gas tanker was making a routine, early morning delivery of gas to the hospital kitchen, and gas started to leak.

• The tanker workers worked for 15 to 20 minutes to repair the leak while a large cloud of gas was forming, then exploded.

ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER

• The explosion sent up an enormous fireball and plumes of dust and smoke.

• The Hospital caught fire and collapsed.

MEXICO: GAS EXPLOSION

MEXICO: GAS EXPLOSION

SMALL THIS TIME, BUT IT COULD HAVE BEEN MUCH WORSE

• The maternity hospital is located on the western edge of Mexico’s densely populated capital.

• It is located in a middle class neighborhood, next to a school.

• Miraculously, the hospital’s oxygen tanks were not affected by the explosion or fire.

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT

RESILIENT TO FLOOD DISASTERS

BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION AND SCOUR

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE & CONTENTS

INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, INJURIES,

AND DEATH

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

VULNERABILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS

EARLY WARN-ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU-ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS

RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION USUALLY TAKE LONGER THAN THOUGHT.

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO

HURRICANE OR TYPHOON DISASTERS

WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE

SEVERE

WINDSTORMS

SEVERE

WINDSTORMS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS

STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

POOR WORKMANSHIP

IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WIND-STORMS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL WINDSTORMS

• WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL WINDSTORMS.

• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND TO PREPARE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL WINDSTORMS

• CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL WINDSTORMS

• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO

EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

SOIL AMPLIFICATION

PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE FAULTING )

IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS

FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE

POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM

IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTHQUAKES

PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY AND UNLIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTHQUAKES

TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTHQUAKES

IF APRIORI PLANS FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION ARE ABSENT, THE PROCESS WILL BE LONG, COMPLEX, AND HIGHLY POLITICAL

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO TSUNAMI DISASTERS

HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES

TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS

INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP

VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS

FLOODING

NO WARNING, OR INADEQUATE WARNING

PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TSUNAMIS.

• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING FROM A TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM TO EVACUATE PEOPLE FROM HARM’S WAY.

LESSON: RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION IS LONG AND COMPLEX

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO DROUGHT DISASTERS

PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION

DROUGHTS DROUGHTS

LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE

LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER

LOSS OF VEGETATION

INSECT INFESTATION

PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO VOLCANIC

ERUPTION DISASTERS

PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST

VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA)

IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH (AVIATION)

IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS

IN PATH OF LAHARS

IGNORING WARNING TO EVACUATE

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO LANDSLIDE DISASTERS

BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES

LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS

SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS

EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING

BARE, OVERSTEEPENED SLOPES

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL LANDSLIDES

PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL LANDSLIDES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SEARCH AND RESCUE) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

JANUARY 29, 2015

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO WILDFIRE DISASTERS

LIGHTNING STRIKES

WILDFIRESWILDFIRES

MANMADE FIRES

PROXIMITY OF URBAN-WILDLANDS INTERFACE

WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED

DEFORESTATION

DENUDED SLOPES

HOT, DRY WEATHER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WILDFIRES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WILDFIRES

EARLY WARN-ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU-ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WILDFIRES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WILDFIRES

RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION USUALLY MEANS HAVING THE CAPACITY TO START OVER.

GLOBALGLOBAL

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

GLOBALGLOBAL

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• HAZARDS•PEOPLE & BLDGS. •VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

DISASTER ASSESS. DISASTER ASSESS.

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

THE GOAL: DISASTER THE GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION//PREVENTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING, FORECASTING, AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR

BECOMING RESILIENT

THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE:

1) KNOW THE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S DISASTERS

2) PROTECT, PREVENT, PREPARE

3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE

5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER