states of matter chapter 3 - ms. sanderson's science...
TRANSCRIPT
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States of MatterChapter 3
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Three States of Mattersection 1
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States of Matter are the physical forms inwhich a substance can exist
solidliquidgas
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I. Particles of MatterA. Matter is made up of tiny particles called
atoms and moleculesthese particles are too small to see with
the human eyeatoms and molecules are always in
motionthe particles interact with each other
and how they interact determinesthe state of matter
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particles of a soliddo not move fast enough to overcome strong
attraction between them vibrate in place particles of a liquid
move fast enough to overcome some of theattraction particles slide past each other
particles of a gasmove fast enough to overcome almost all
of the attraction particles are far apartand move independently of each other
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II. SolidsA. Solids have a definite shape and volume
particles are very close togetherattraction is stronger than that of the
particles in a liquid or gasparticles move but not enough to overcome
attractionparticles vibrate in placeeach particle is locked in place by those
around it
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B. There are two kinds of solidscrystalline
very orderly 3d arrangement of molecules repeating patterns of rowsexamples iron, diamond, ice, quartz
amorphousno special patternparticles stay in place but not in a particular
arrangementexamples glass, rubber, wax
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III. LiquidsA. Liquids change shape but not volume
liquid has a definite volume but cantake the shape of the container its inparticles move fast enough to overcome
some of the attractionparticles slide past each other allowing
liquid to take the shape of the container
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B. Liquids have unique characteristics surface tension
is a force that acts on the particles atthe surface of the liquid
can cause some liquids to form sphericaldrops like water
gasoline has very low surface tensionforms flat drops
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viscositya liquid's resistance to flow
the stronger the attraction between theparticles of the liquid = more viscousexample honey is more viscous than
water
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IV. GasesA. Gases change in both shape and volume
gases have no definite shape or volumeparticles move quicklyless attraction between particlecan completely break away
The amount of empty space between particles can change
example heliumparticles in a balloon are spacedfarther apart than in the tank
this is the reason why so many balloons can be filled from one tank