unit four: matter what is matter properties of matter states of matter
TRANSCRIPT
Unit four: Matter
• What is matter• Properties of matter• States of matter
Chemistry & Matter
• What is Chemistry?
• “Chemistry is the study of the structure, function, and composition of matter”
What is Matter?
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is Matter?
Identify which of the following would be considered matter:
• a computer • microwaves • paper • iron • heat
• ice cream
• time • sound • wood • Mars • sand • sunlight• a rock • the Sun • energy • a spider
• a tree • paint • snow • memories • clouds • a sandwich • a fingernail • thoughts • gravity
What is Matter?Identify which of the following would be considered matter:
• a computer • microwaves • paper • iron • heat • ice cream • time • sound • wood • Mars • sand • Sunlight
• a rock • the Sun • energy • a spider • a tree • paint • snow • memories • clouds • a sandwich • a fingernail • thoughts • gravity
Matter = 16 , non-matter = 9
Other definitions:What are elements?• An element is a pure substance that is made
up of only one kind of atom.What are atoms?• Atoms are the smallest unit of an element
that maintains the identity of that element.What are compounds?• A compound is a substance made up of two or
more elements that are chemically bonded.
Know your Elements!
1. Elements are the simplest form of matter.2. Elements are the building blocks of all
substances and cannot be easily divided into smaller subunits by ordinary chemical processes.
3. Elements are organized by atomic number on the periodic table.
4. Elements are identified by their symbols.
Elements & Symbols
• The symbol of an element is often taken from its name. • The first letter is always capitalized.
• If an element starts with the same letter as another element, sometime the first two letters are used.
• The second letter is always lowercase.
• Some elements have symbols that don’t match the name of the element because their name comes from another language.
• element song
Elements & Symbols
Hydrogen
Carbon
Sodium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Helium
Lead
Chlorine
Magnesium
H
C
Na
N
O
F
He
Pb
Cl
Mg
Elements & SymbolsPotassium
Sulfur
Copper
Silver
Gold
Iron
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Calcium
K
S
Cu
Ag
Au
Fe
Ni
Zn
Al
Ca
What are Compounds?1. Compounds are substances that are made up of two or more types of
atoms.
2. Atoms in a compound are held together by chemical bonds.
3. Compounds can be broken into simpler substance through chemical processes.
4. Compounds are described using chemical formulas. The symbols tell what element and the subscript tells us how many.
5. Some examples of common compounds include:Water – H2O , Carbon Dioxide CO2, Sugar – C12H22O11
Common compounds
Name Formula
Water H2O
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Sugar C12H22O11
Sodium Chloride NaCl
Ammonia NH3
Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
Methane CH4
Properties of Matter
Properties of matter can be divided into two categories:
A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes and turn into another substance. It changes the chemical identity of the substance.
Some examples of Physical Properties:
• Melting point• Boiling point• Brittleness• Color• Solubility (can it dissolve?)
Some examples of Chemical Properties:
• Reactive• Flammable• Explosive• Toxicity
Changes in Matter
Changes in matter can be divided into two categories:
A physical change is a change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance.
A chemical change is a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances with a new chemical identity.
A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.
States of Matter
The three states of matter include:Solid: Liquid: Gas
States of matter interactive
State Volume Shape
Solid definite definite
Liquid definite indefinite
Gas indefinite indefinite
States of matterSolid
LiquidGas
Phase Change & Energy
Background to states of matter and phase changes:.
1. Particles of matter are in constant motion.
2. Energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
3. Temperature describes the kinetic energy of matter.
example of states of matter and energy
Phase Change & Energy
As temperature increases : Kinetic energy ____Particles moves ____
As temperature decreases : Kinetic energy ____Particles moves ____
Energy and phase change
• When Heated:
Solid liquid gas• When Cooled:
Gas liquid solids
A change in state (phase change) is a physical change.
Energy & phase change