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States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

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States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

Four StatesSolidLiquidGasPlasma

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States of Matter

The Four States of MatterBased upon particle arrangementBased upon energy of particlesBased upon distance between particlesBased on intermolecular forces between particles.Based on shape, volume and compressibility.

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States of Matter

SolidsParticles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Strong intermolecular force.

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States of Matter

Solids

Particle Movement Examples

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States of Matter

LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Strong intermolecular force, but weaker than a solid.

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States of Matter

Liquids

Particle Movement Examples

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States of Matter

GasesParticles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Little or no intermolecular force.

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Gases

Particle Movement Examples

States of Matter

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States of Matter

Plasma

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

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States of Matter

PlasmaParticles

The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).

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States of Matter

PlasmaExamples

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States of Matter

Compressibility

Solids cannot be compressed because they are closely packed together.

Liquids cannot be compressed but are more compressible than solids.

Gases and Plasma are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.

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States of Matter

The Four States of MatterThe Classification and Properties of Matter

Depend Upon Microscopic Structure

Particle arrangementParticle energyParticle to particle distance

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States of Matter

Kinetic Theory

According to the kinetic theory of matter, matter is made of atoms and molecules. These atoms and molecules act like tiny particles that are always in motion.

The kinetic theory helps to explain the differences between the three common states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

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States of Matter

The following are observations of particles in motion:

– The higher the temperature of the substance is, the faster the particles move.

– At the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive ones.