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Based on the discovery made by Ferdinand Magellan

Consummated by its conquest by Miguel Lopez deLegazpi in 1521 and long possession for almost 4

centuries but it was terminated in 1898 because ofTreaty of Paris.

Treaty of Paris - the Philippines was ceded by Spain tothe US

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1565 to 1821 Philippines was indirectly governed by the King of Spain

through Mexico but when Mexico obtained herindependence from Spain, the Philippines was ruled

directly from Spain. Council of Indies, the council responsible for the

administration of the Philippines but it was abolished in1837 and the legislation for the Philippines was

temporarily performed by the Council of Ministers

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From 1863

the Ministry of Ultramar (colonies) exercised thegeneral powers of supervision over Philippine affairs.

The Philippines was given representation in the SpanishCortes, the legislative body of spain three times duringthe Spanish period of 1810 to 1813, 1820 to1823 and 1836to 1837. The also introduced a basic principle to thePhilippines which was the union of the church and the

state.

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The government was centralized in structure andnational in scope. Barangays were consolidated intotowns (pueblos) each headed by a gobernadorcillo(little governor) or capitan and the towns intoprovinces each headed by a governor who representedthe governor general in the province. Each cities hadan ayuntamiento or cabildo ( city council). Cebu- first city to be established in 1565.

Manila- second city to be established in 1571.

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He was the: a.) Governor-General- he had executive, administrative,

legislative and judicial powers.

b.) Captain-General- he was Commander-in-Chief of all

the Armed Forces in the Philippines. c.) Vice-royal-patron- he exercised certain religious

powers.

He enjoyed more powers than the King of Spain. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- the first Spanish Governor-General

in the Philippines (1565-1571)

Gen. Diego de los Rios- the last Governor-General (1898)

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 Royal Audiencia- the Supreme Court of the Philippinesduring the Spanish times and was established in 1583.

 It performed functions of executive and legislative nature.  The two Territorial Audiencias established below the Royal

 Audiencia are one in Cebu and in Vigan which exercisedappellate jurisdiction over criminal cases coming from thesurrounding territory.

The Justice of the peace courts which were established indifferent towns in 1885 are at the bottom of the judicialsystem.

There were special courts and naval courts Treasury and commercial courts were also created but were

later abolished.

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 Spain ruled the Philippines from 1551-1898.

The government which Spain established in the Philippines was defective.

The Spanish rule was generally mild and humane when viewed in the broader light of global colonization.

The Filipino people were not brutalized. Spaniards andFilipinos intermarried and mingled socially and slavery and

tribal wars were not suppressed. Brought about the unification of the Filipino people.

Spain uplifted the Filipino from the depth of primitiveculture and paganism and gave them the blessings ofChristianity and European civilization.

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Secret society that precipitated our glorious revolution on

 Aug. 26, 1896.

Was organized by Andres Bonifacio

First clear break from Spanish rule with the ultimate goal

to establish a free and sovereign Philippines.

It was replaced by another government whose officials

headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as President.

Revolutionary government was the first government to

unify all rebel forces

It is also the first Filipino government whose officials were

freely elected by representatives of the people.

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November 1, 1897, Biak-na-Bato republic was

established by Gen. Aguinaldo in Biak-na-Bato.

Declared that the aim of revolution was the

“separation of the Philippines from the Spanish

monarchy and their formation into independent state” 

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Most important achievement of the Dictatorial

Government were the Proclamation of Philippine

Independence at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898

and the reorganization of local government.

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 Aim of the new government were “to struggle for the

independence of the Philippines, until all nations

including Spain will expressly recognize it” and “to

 prepare the county for the establishment of a real

Republic ” 

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 Also called the Malolos Constitution

The Malolos Congress ratified on September 29,

1898 the proclamation of Philippine Independence

made by Gen. Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite on June

12, 1898.

This constitution was the first democratic constitution

ever promulgate in the whole of Asia.

It established a“free and independent Philippine

Republic ” 

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United States annexed the Philippines

 In April 1901, Gen. Aguinaldo was captured.

 Philippine Revolution of 1896 was the first war of

independence fought by Asians against foreign

domination and it gave birth to the first constitutional

democracy in Asia and the West Pacific.

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The Japanese Attack

 At dawn of Monday, December 8, 1941 at 2:30A.M. (ManilaTime), the Japanese had bombed the American naval base at

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

 A few hours later, Japanese fighter planes appeared inPhilippines skies. They bombed Davao City, Tuguegarao,Baguio, Iba, Tarlac, and Clark Field.

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  The Japanese invaded the Philippines in 1942an established a Philippine executive Commission(PEC) under the Japanese Military Administration.

The PEC had very little legislative powers as the Japanese controlled the government. In June 1943,a Preparatory Commission for PhilippineIndependence (PCPI) was created to draft a

constitution for the country.

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Under the 1943 Constitution, the President wasgiven strong powers making the legislaturesubordinate to the executive. The President hadthe power to appoint provincial governors and citymayors. This was in contrast to the binding natureof the Acts passed by the National Assembly under

Commonwealth government.

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  The Japanese forced Filipino leaders to form a new

government.

 Jorge B. Vargas became chairman of the PhilippineExecutive Commission.

On January 23, 1942, the members of the ExecutiveCommission sent a letter to the Japanese military.

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 Aim was to bring about the rapid reconstruction of thePhilippines and the rehabilitation of the Filipinopeople.

Benigno Aquino was appointed director-general of thesaid organization.