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Green chemistry
Ultrasound as a green activator
Nhóm 12 Khoa KTHH
Nhóm 12 Khoa KTHH
Contents
Power of ultrasound
Introduction
Ultrasonic devices
Application
Conclusion
1 Introduction
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sonochemistry
1 Introduction
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2 Power of ultrasound
Cavitation
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2 Power of ultrasound
The formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles
in a liquidNhóm 12 Khoa KTHH
2 Power of ultrasound
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3 Ultrasonic devices
ultrasonic bath
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ultrasonic horn
3 Ultrasonic devices
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4. Application of ultrasound
Sonochemistr
y
Organic synthesis
Material science
Food industry
Therapy
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4. Application of ultrasound
Natural dye extraction
Organic synthesis
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4.1 Ultrasound assisted enhancement
in natural dye extraction.
Synthetic
dyes
(10–
35%)
carcinogens
health hazard
s
Environment
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Good alternative
Beetroot
good colorant yield
non allergi
c
non toxic
4.1 Ultrasound assisted enhancement
in natural dye extraction.
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Ultrasound in beetrootdyeing process
Environmental benefits
Recycle
Economic benefits
yields of extract
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4.1 Benefits
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
HMMBI ? as a base compound of some pharmaceutical products : an antidepressant, epilepsies therapy,...
5-hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-1- benzylimidazole
Sono-synthetic Sonicate- Indirectly with 500kHZ- Directly with 20kHZ
apparatus
Control method Mix for a long time
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
at 7 0C
90% afte
r half an
hour
70% about 72 h
20kHz directly 500kHz indirectly
Synthesis under control and indirect sonication (500 kHz)
Synthesis under direct sonication (20 kHz) Synthesis under different acoustic powers
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
INDIRECT SONO 500kHz vs Classic
9.4 times
at 70C
2.6 times
at 250C
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
SONO 20kHz vs CLASSIC
9,7 times at 70c
3.8 times
at 250c
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
The yield was higher in direct sonication than indirect one, especially at lower temperature (70C).
9,7 9,4
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
3
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
Synthesis under different acoustic powers
The best result
Low temperature
High acoustic power
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
ULTRASOUND
enhanced the yield of HMMBI to about
10 times
under CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS.
4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI
Conclusion
Prevent waste
Use safer solvents and
reaction conditions
Minimize the potential for
accidents
Increase energy
efficiency
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Green principles
Thank you
for listening
References
Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar *, J. Lakshmi Anna, J. Vijayeeswarri,’ Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather’,2009.
Mohammad H. Entezari*, Azam Asghari, ‘Ultrasound improves the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-1-benzylimidazole as a base compound of some pharmaceutical products’,2008.
]. Timothy J. Mason, John P. Lorimer, Applied sonochemistry: Uses of power ultrasound in chemistry and processing, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2002.
Temperature
Temperature
There are two types of effects mediated by ultrasound: chemical and physical. When the quantity of bubbles is low – using standard laboratory equipment - it is mainly physical rate acceleration that plays a role. For example, a specific effect is the asymmetric collapse near a solid surface, which forms microjets. This effect is the reason why ultrasound is very effective in cleaning, and is also responsible for rate acceleration in multiphasic reactions, since surface cleaning and erosion lead to improved mass transport.
Microjet