SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS AND AND

MECHANICAL MIXTURESMECHANICAL MIXTURES

The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory1. All matter is composed of

tiny particles. Size and shape vary. All particles of pure substance

are exactly the same size.

2. All particles of one substance are the same Salt particles are different from

pepper particles

The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory3. There are spaces between

particles.4. Particles are always moving –

the more energy they have, the faster they move.

temp the faster the particles move

5. There are forces of attraction between particles.

The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory

Matter has particles Moving particles

Attraction between particles

Same particles throughout

Spaces between particles

M2ASS

Energy is transferred between particles by moving particles hitting each other and either speeding up or slowing down.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

matter

mixtures pure substances

mechanical mixture(heterogeneous)

solutions(homogeneous)

Matter can exist in 3 states:

Any substance or material that has mass and occupies space.

solid, liquid and gas

MatterMatter

Solid Particles are close together and

locked together into a pattern.Attractive forces are very strong.Particles move, but only vibrate

in one place.

MatterMatter

LiquidParticles are slightly farther apartAttractive forces are weakerParticles are able to slide past

one another

MatterMatter

GasParticles are far apart.Attractive forces are weakest.Particles are able to move in any

direction.

Pure SubstancesPure SubstancesContain only one kind of particle. All samples have same properties

(big or small).Only a few are found in nature

(raw material).

e.g.diamond, sugar, aluminum foil

Contain 2 or more pure substances.

Any combination of solids, liquids and gases.

Almost all natural substances are mixtures of pure substances.

e.g. pop – mixture of liquid water, solid sugar, and CO2

MixturesMixtures

MixturesMixtures

solution (homogeneous)

pure substance pure substance pure substance pure substance

mechanical mixture (heterogeneous)

MixturesMixturesHomogeneous (“same kind”)

A solutionParticles of 2 or more pure

substances mix completelyFeel and look like one substanceProperties of sample always the

samee.g. salt and water

steel (iron, O2 and C)

MixturesMixturesHeterogeneous (“different kinds”)

A mechanical mixture.2 or more substances can be seen or

felt.Each sample will have different

properties.

e.g. granola, concrete