SOIL POLLUTION

AND

SOIL REMEDIATION

Soil pollution

Metal and Heavy Metal Radionuklides

BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-

benzen, Xylene)

PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon)

PCB (Polychlorinated

Byphenyl)

Human Activities

Xenobiotic Chemicals

Industrial Activities

Agricultural Activities

Pesticides and Fertilizers Waste Disposal

Oil and Fuel Dumping

Natural Sources

Mineral Degradation Weathering

Effects of Soil

PollutionsHealth of Humans

Effect the genetic-make up of the body causing congenital illness , chronic health, sicken livestock and food poisoning

Growth of Plants

Most plant are unable to adapt, lack quality

and nutrients, may contain poisonous

substance

Decreased Soil

fertilityFungi and bacterial that bind it together begin to decline

Changes The Soil

Structure

The death of many soil organism can lead to

alteration in soil structure and force other predators to

move in search of food

Change cin

Climate Patterns

Hazardous pollution can lead the loss of ecosystems

Cause Water

Pollution

Soil Remediation

Ex Situ (Off Site) Treatment

Soil Washing Chemical Decomposition

Thermal Treatment

Electrical Resistance

HeatingRadio Frequency

Heating

Water-Air-Steam Injection

Thermal Conduction

Vitrification Chemical Decomposition

Bioremediation

In Situ (On Site) Treatment

Remediatio by Iron Powder

MethodDIM (Direct Iron Mixing) Method

Bioremediation Thermal Treatment

Thermal TreatmentEx-situ & In-situ Treatment

Examples of in-situ thermal treatment (ISTT) by applying steam-air-injection (TUBA method) or thermal wells (THERIS method) to remove source zones like CHC or BTEX.

Bioremediation Intinsic• Using indigenous

microorganism to degrade contaminant

Bioventing • Stimulation in gas

condition adding in soil

Biostimulation• The adding of

nutrient such as N and P

Bioaugmentation• Adding inoculation

Phytoremediation• Using plants to

absorb contaminant

Phyto-extration

• Absorbing contaminant by roots plants and translocation it to the part of plants

Rizo-filtration

• Absorbing contaminant by the root plants and precipitate the metal contaminant from wet land or groundwater

Phytodegradation or Phytotransformation

• Breakdown contaminants taken up by plants through metabolic process whitin the plant

Phytistabilization

• Immobilization of contaminants in soil through absorption & accumulate by roots, adsorbtion onto roots or precipitation within root zone

Phytovolatilization

• Evaporate contaminants which are water soluble by taken up it

Phytoremediation