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Remediation of River Water Pollution
Based on Sustainable Watershed
Management
Department of Water Quality Protection
Environmental Protection Administration
October 7, 2009
2
Content Ⅰ. Preface
A. Geographical Location
B. Environmental Loadings
Ⅱ. Water Quality Circumstances in Taiwan
A. Sources of Water Pollution
B. River Pollution Index of Major Rivers
Ⅲ. Wastewater Treatment and Control
A. History
B. Focus of Policy
C. Remediation Strategies
Ⅳ. Future Prospects of Water Pollution Prevention
A. Future Prospects
B. Goals of Remediation
3
Ⅰ. Preface
Taiwan
China
Korea
Japan
Phillipines
Indonesia Malaysia
A. Geographical Location
5
Land Population Pigs sewer
system
Ratio
Area (103Km2)
Ratio (Other/
Taiwan)
Quantity (Million)
Density (Pop./
Km2)
Quantity (Thousand)
Density (Pigs/
Km2)
Percentage
(%)
Taiwan 36.2 - 23.0 636 6443 178 33
Germany 357.0 9.86 82.2 230 26,530 74 95.5
Japan 377.9 10.44 127.7 338 9,759 26 67
Korea 99.3 2.74 48.6 489 9,850 99 81.4
USA 9,632 266.08 304.5 32 61,860 6
B. Environmental Loadings －Compared with other Countries (in 2008)
6
Ⅱ. Water Quality Circumstances
in Taiwan
7
A. Sources of Water Pollution
Unit：BOD5 tons/day
Tons/day Year Total Household Industry Animal
Husbandry
Generation
2005 2,718 911(33.5%) 1,090(40.1%) 717(26.4%)
2006 2,749 915(33.3%) 1,125(40.9%) 709(25.8%)
2007 2,657 918(34.6%) 1,075(40.5%) 664(25.0%)
Discharge
2005 1,133 676(59.7%) 249(22.0%) 208(18.4%)
2006 1,045 639(61.2%) 260(24.9%) 145(13.9%)
2007 1,087 601(55.3%) 244(22.5%) 242(22.2%)
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Year Degree of Pollution (%)
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Unpolluted 64.2 62.4 64.4 64.3 66.2 63.6 61.7 62.4 59.4 64.0 64.2 65.5 61.8 65.2
Light Polluted 11.5 10.4 10.1 9.3 7.6 12.0 9.8 12.0 13.4 9.8 9.9 9.0 7.9 9.0
Medium Polluted 10.9 12.3 13.5 15.1 14.2 12.3 15.4 11.5 11.3 18.5 19.7 19.5 23.6 21.5
Serious Polluted 13.4 14.9 12.0 11.3 12.0 12.1 13.2 14.0 15.8 7.6 6.2 6.0 6.7 4.2
61.7
66.2 65.565.2
61.8
59.4
62.4
64.4
62.4
64.2
50
55
60
65
70
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Year
%
Unpolluted
Ratio
13.414.9
11.3
15.8
4.2
0
5
10
15
20
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Year
%
Serious Polluted
Ratio
unpolluted ratio is steady seriously polluted ratio is decreasing
B. River Pollution Index of Major Rivers
9
Ⅲ. Wastewater Treatment
and Control
10
The Danshuei River Pollution
Remediation Plan(1988)
The River Basin Integrated
Environmental Plan(1995)
The Master Plan of Source Water Quality
Protection (1998-2001) NT$ 6.45 billion
The River Basin and Ocean
Management Plan (2000-2004)
NT$ 3 billion
The River and Ocean Water Quality
Maintenance and Improvement Plan Ⅰ
(2005-2007) NT$ 4.8 billion
The River and Ocean Water Quality
Maintenance and Improvement Plan Ⅱ
(2008-2011) NT$ 5.1 billion
Demonstration
Plan
Landscape
Improvement
Source
Water Quality
Protection
Upstream
Water
Quality
Improvement
Downstream
Water Quality
Improvement
For Danshuei River, reaching the goal of
“sufficient oxygen” and
increasing fish species
Pollution control of 17
rivers such as Teinliao
River
Removal of Pig-farms
from 5 major rivers,
totally removing 640,000
hogs.
Remediation of 13 major
rivers such as Erren
River
Remediation of 11
seriously polluted
rivers and 4 urban
rivers
Remediation of major
and minor rivers
A. Histories
11
Prior remediate 11 rivers
with medium and seriously
polluted segments greater
than 50%
Prior remediate 4 urban
rivers passing through
areas of high population
density
B. Focus of Policy
Fongshan
Creek
Danshuei River
Ai River
Sinhuwei River
Nankan River
Jhuoshuei River
Laojie River
Jishuei River Yanshuei River
Erren River
Agongdian River
Beigang River
Teinliao River
Wannien Creek
Chungkung Drainage
The Targets
12
The Background of 11 Rivers in 2008
River
River
Length
(Km)
Degree of Pollution Source of Pollution
Medium
Polluted
Ratio
Seriously
Polluted
Ratio
Sum. of
Medium and
Seriously
Polluted
Ratio
Household Industry Animal
Husbandry
Danshuei River 323.4 15.1% 5% 20.1% 93% 7% -
Nankan River 30.7 86.1% 13.9% 100% 48% 46% 6%
Laojie River 37.1 70.7% 1.8% 72.5% 35% 63% 2%
Jhuoshuei River 186.4 0 0 0 72% 13% 15%
Sinhuwei River 49.8 83.8% 10.6% 94.4% 52% 45% 3%
Beigang River 81.9 62.2% 32.3% 94.5% 27% 20% 53%
Jishuei River 65.1 54% 20.4% 74.4% 61% 19% 20%
Yanshuei River 41.3 47.9% 20.4% 68.3% 64% 6% 26%
Erren River 65.2 67.3% 21.9% 89.2% 49% 17% 34%
Agongdian
River 29.7 22% 78% 100% 25% 4% 69%
Ai River 12 86.7% 5.3% 92% 100% - -
B. Focus of Policy
13
C. Remediation Strategies
a. Integrate relative agencies to achieve the goal of remediation
b. Enhance inspections of water pollution sources
c. Construct sewer system beforehand based on remediation
objectives
d. Intercept sewage to wastewater treatment plants
e. Promote eco-friendly on-site treatment facilities
f. Encourage the public to participate in river remediation
g. Clean up trash on the river
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a. Integrate relative agencies to achieve the
goal of remediation
Inspection of water
pollution sources
Assistance of water
pollution sources
Proper treatment
of sewage
Survey of drainage and
operation of pumping
stations
Revitalization of
riverbank
environment
Environmental Protection
agency
sewer system
agency
Water resource
agency
Environmental
Protection agency &
Water resource agency
Agricultural agency
& Industrial agency
Construction of eco-friendly
on-site treatment facilities
Follow up
&
Assistance
Coordinate &
Integrate
Implement
Revise
Plan
Check
Dynamic
management
C. Remediation Strategies
Water resource
agency
15
24-hour monitoring
system of drainage
b. Enhance inspections of water pollution
sources
Thoroughly check and remove illegal pipes
Use scientific equipment to assist in
inspection
Evaluate permittee’s wastewater treatment
facilities instead of only sampling effluent
Determine penalty based on illegal
economic benefit
About 21,000 industries
superintended, inspection of
45,738 times, sampling of
12,702 times, penalty of 2,493
times, removal of 425 illegal
pipes
54 industrial sewer system
superintended, inspection of
2,177 times, penalty of 40
times
C. Remediation Strategies
16
c. Construct sewer system beforehand based
on remediation objectives
River
Source of Pollution Fund Required
(NT$ Billion) Household Industry Animal
Husbandry
Danshuei River 93% 7% - 37.5
Nankan River 48% 46% 6% 3.6
Laojie River 35% 63% 2%
Jhuoshuei River 72% 13% 15%
Sinhuwei River 52% 45% 3% 2.7
Beigang River 27% 20% 53%
Jishuei River 61% 19% 20%
1.1 Yanshuei River 64% 6% 26%
Erren River 49% 17% 34%
Agongdian River 25% 4% 69%
Ai River 100% - - 12.7
C. Remediation Strategies
17
Chungkung Drainage
Fongshan Creek
Teinliao River
Wannien Creek
d. Intercept sewage to wastewater treatment
plants
For urban rivers passing through areas of high population
and receiving sewage, intercept their dry weather sewage
to nearby wastewater treatment plant for treatment
An alternative before completion of sewer system
C. Remediation Strategies
18
Case study：Urban River Remediation－Fongshan Creek
Content: Intercept sewage alongside Fongshan Creek to Fongshan Creek
Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment. Re-discharge the effluent. Improving
water quality by sediment dredging, aeration, and settlement. Revitalization of river
bank environment
Benefit: Properly treat 66,600 CMD sewage
Subsidized funds: NT$ 0.85 billion
Status: to be completed at the end of 2009
C. Remediation Strategies d. Intercept sewage to wastewater treatment
plants
Before remediation Processing Finished
19
Intercept polluted branch to eco-friendly on-site treatment facilities to degrade
pollutants
Eco-friendly on-site treatment facilities such as wetland, overland flow, contact
aeration, grided contact aeration, sub-surface filtration, etc
The sites could serve as ecological habitat, environmental education center, and
recreation sites
An alternative before completion of sewer system
e. Promote eco-friendly on-site treatment
facilities
C. Remediation Strategies
Finished construction: 84 sites
Intercept sewage of 500,000 CMD,
totally reduce organic pollutants of
10 T/D
20
Use overland to construct a sub-surface
grided contact aeration facility, with a site
area of 0.7 ha, on average treat sewage of
9,000 CMD in Neihu District
The treatment facility is underground, and the
rooftop space is a sport field of boules
Observe the process of aeration and
treatment by observation corridor
Observation corridor
e. Promote eco-friendly on-site treatment
facilities
Case Study：Cheng-Mei Site A sport field of boules
Testing of aeration pipe
C. Remediation Strategies
21
Combine human resources from local community and school, to set up
voluntary river patrols in helping finding suspicious polluters
Encourage the public to participate in the maintenance of on-site treatment
facilities
f. Encourage the public to participate in
river remediation
Training of river patrols River patrols participate in river cleaning
C. Remediation Strategies
335 patrols, 7,598 people
22
Hiring laborers or using booms to clean up
trash on the river
Holding river clean up competitions
Cleaning trash from
Danshuei River
Using booms in Erren River
A total amount of 21,365 tons of trash were removed from
river in 2008
C. Remediation Strategies
g. Clean up trash on the river
23
Ⅳ. Future Prospects of
Water Pollution Prevention
24
Strategies
Integrate
relative
agencies
Improvement of
river quality
Acceleration of
sewer system
construction
Revitalization of
river bank
environment
Goal
Increase the
public’s
accessibility
to river
A. Future Prospects
25
The ratio of seriously polluted segments went from 13.4% in 1995 to 4.2% in 2008
B. Goals of Remediation
13.414.9
11.3
15.8
4.2
0
5
10
15
20
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Year
Seriously Polluted Ratio
26
Reaching the goals in 8 years (from 2008~2016)
Sufficient oxygen
No odor
Revitalization of riverbank environment
To achieve the goal of DO greater than 2mg/L
Sustainable watershed management and creating a
variety of healthy, biological, and cultural ecosystem
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2016
DO≧2 mg/L
Qualification percentage
(%)
80 82 83 85 86 100
B. Goals of Remediation
27
Thank you
for your attention!