Soil – hydrologic conditions after the windstorm 2004 in the Tatra Mts

Peter Fleischer

Research station and Museum of TANAPTatranska Lomnica

The Tatra Mts huge mountain barrierThe Tatra Mts – huge mountain barrierspecific climate - downslope windsdownslope winds- precipitation regime

Windstorm November 19, 2004Windstorm November 19, 2004

windfall 12 000 havolume 2,3 mil m3wind gusts 230 km/h

History of large-scale windfalls since 1915History of large scale windfalls since 1915

19151941194119812004

Th T t Mt hi tThe Tatra Mts as an anemo-orographic system

-regional scale: spruce –larch forestg p- succesional stage- blocked forest development cycle-no climaxmicrosite scale:-microsite scale:

-pit and mound formation

20 km

The Tatra Mts precipitation patternprecipitation pattern precipitation shadevertical gradient

• sharp peaksp p

• narrow ridges

• glacial troggs

• U shape valleys

• glacial lakes

Glacial terrain3D model of Mlynica and a Mengusovska valleys Glacial terraina Mengusovska valleys

Soil sampling prior and after 2004 p g p

NEX

REF EXT FIR

soil sampling prior 2004

Categorized Plot for Variable: VAR2 Soil properties (before 2004) on

±Std. Dev.±Std. Err.Mean

VAR1

VAR

2

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

k l

Soil properties (before 2004) on current windfallT P d li bi l VAR1Type: Podzolic cambisol

Humic podzolOrganic humus layer 6-10 cm (p 0.05)Stones: A 33%

B 44%Particle size: loam (A, B)Humus cont. : A 16% (2-28)

B 7%B 7%C:N ratio: A 18 (10-22)

B 16pH (H2O) A 3.1 – 4.4 (med 3.7)

B 3.2 – 4.6 (med 4.0)

Confirmed by post-windstorm analysisNovak et al, Simonovicova et al., Gomoryova et al.,MPI Jena

Interception in closed Norway spruce forest

>50%>50%

Soil –hydric conditions as a part of Windfall reserachSoil hydric conditions as a part of Windfall reserach

multidisciplinary ecological research and monitoring on consequences caussed by windfall on forest ecosystems and their surrounding under different management

FE componentsatmospheresoilsoil watervegetationfauna

i imicroorganisms

H:humus mineralisation and reductionnutrient leaching, water quality, Nerosionextremal hydric regime, moist-wet, dry-very drytop soil overheatingtop soil overheatingdeeper and longer soil frost

Potential evapotranspiration

200 Rain

p p

100

150

200 Rain

PE

50

100

0

EX

T 5

EX

T 6

EX

T 7

EX

T 8

NE

X 5

NE

X 6

NE

X 7

NE

X 8

FIR

5FI

R 6

FIR

7FI

R 8

RE

F 5

RE

F 6

RE

F 7

RE

F 8

E E E E N N N N R R R R

based on 2009 (V-VIII) monthly avg AT and RH (Ivanov´s method)( ) y g ( )

S il t t d i tSoil temperature and moisture

each site equiped with:q p- thermometer (PT100, PT108)in 8 and 16 cm depth-theta Delta ML2x, impedance meth.

manual verification - precise laboratory thermometer-portable ML2x-gravimetry

Soil moisture (% V) in 2009, all localities50

NEX16 NEX8 REF8 REF16

FIR8 FIR16 EXT8 EXT16

Soil moisture (% V) in 2009, all localities

40

FIR8 FIR16 EXT8 EXT16

40

30

201 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 144 155 166 177 188 199 210 221 232 243 254 265

FIR 2009 SM %(V) vs G

50 50

FIR 2009 SM %(V) vs G FIR 2009 SM16FIR 2009 SM8

30

40

30

40

50

prior humus

10

20

119 141 156 169 188 214 236 266

SM8 G

SM8 e

10

20

119 141 156 169 188 214 236 266

SM16 G

SM16 econtent corr

40

50

40

50after humus content corr

10

20

30

SM8 G

SM8 e10

20

30

SM16 G

SM16 e

119 141 156 169 188 214 236 266 119 141 156 169 188 214 236 266

EXT 2009 SM8 SM16 d R iEXT 2009 SM8, SM16 and Rain50

45

50SM8 avgSM16 avg

4030

35

40SM16 avgR sum

30

10

15

20

25

20

120

127

134

141

148

155

162

169

176

183

190

197

204

211

218

225

232

239

246

253

260

0

5

10

dense gras vegetationA loamB lB loam

NEX 2009 SM %(V) and R

50

6050

30

4040

mm

SM

%V

0

10

20

20

30NEX8

NEX16

rain

0201 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136 151 166 181 196 211 226 241 256

DOY

sparce vegetationsparce vegetationA – loamB1- sandy loamB2- sandy

1000Soil moisture verification

EXT

400

600

800

port

able

0

200

400

0 200 400 600 800 1000

p

0 200 400 600 800 1000fixed

1000 1000NEX REF

600

800

1000

tabl

e 600

800

1000

rtabl

e

NEX REF

0

200

400port

0

200

400pror

00 200 400 600 800 1000

fixed

00 200 400 600 800 1000

fixed

1 2 3 Av sd

2 0b 68 8 9270b 51 68 58 59 7

270c 74 53 75 67 10

270d 57 70 69 65 6Tower

Aquater300(capacitance)Saturation %

270e 66 91 86 81 11

270f 55 47 67 56 8

270h 58 64 58 60 3

Tower

8 16 32

32 39 39

REF 24 08 2009270h 58 64 58 60 3

330b 78 55 57 63 10

330c 83 62 58 68 11

330d 85 70 88 81 8tow 32 39 39

por 39 34 35

34 34 34

330d 85 70 88 81 8

330e 76 77 66 73 5

330f 72 50 52 58 10Delta theta(impedance)

41 35 31

35 37 40

avg 37 36 35

90b 69 64 69 67 3

90c 60 63 59 61 2

150c 66 85 66 72 9

(impedance)ML2X

avg 37 36 35

Grav 39 35 30

150c 66 85 66 72 9

210b 49 82 69 66 14

100

Soil saturation

60

80

AVG

SD

Soil saturation

REF site

40

60

B C B C B C B C D E F G B C D E F B C D E F G

30 90 150 210 270 330

100

80

AVG

SDmoisture heterogeneitya key for natural succession

40

60

B C C B C D E F G B C D E F G B C D E F

90 150 210 270 330

Regeneration – an indicator of statusRegeneration an indicator of status improvement

FIR 2005-2008 vegetation succesionFIR 2005 2008 vegetation succesion

20

30

20

‐10

0

10

118

536

955

373

792

111

0512

8914

7316

5718

4120

2522

0923

9325

7727

6129

4531

2933

1334

97

HF…

‐20

Mi li ti d N t i t l hi

Field with Crop W

Mineralisation and Nutrient leaching

Field with Crop

SIA fill d i h

Water+

Target Chemical

SIA filled with aMixture of specific Adsorbents and inert mineral Materials

SIA Target Chemicals are adsorbedand accumulated during aMeasurement Period

Soil Profile

pure Water

23 Terraquat, Koln

Studeny p. creek 2007 ions conc.S

Stream water chemistry

4567

l

ST 7in

ST 7out

y

01234

mg/

ion concentration measured bi-weekly showed i d NO3 NH4 SO2 K Na Ca Mg

Studeny p creek index out/in

increased values when passing windfall in 2007index of enrichement

2007 and 2008

56

ST 2007

index of enrichement 1.5 – 5.5.

In 2008 notable decline, i d 1 1 2 3

1234

inde

x ST 2008index 1.1-2.3

0NO3 NH4 SO2 K Na Ca Mg

Urgent problemsUrgent problems

1 6

Precipitation and air temperature lindex 1899-2007

1,4

1,6

1

1,2

0,6

0,8

0,4

1899

1904

1909

1914

1919

1924

1929

1934

1939

1944

1949

1954

1959

1964

1969

1974

1979

1984

1989

1994

1999

2004

Growing season temperature trend, T. Lomnica 830 m a.s.l

y = 0,0051x + 13,077R2 = 0,035814,5

15,0

15,5

13 0

13,5

14,0

,

12,0

12,5

13,0

11,0

11,5

97 02 07 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87 92 97 02

189

190

190

191

191

192

192

193

193

194

194

195

195

196

196

197

197

198

198

199

199

200