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Dhpmnig Vrnlc`t | Ptnry na tbc Srjgo Annd @bgho 7



: Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo




Phirgo @bnprg

Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo :676-7:Ogthnogm Hosthtutc na Dcsheo, Hodhg

Euhdc< Dr. Lheocsb Kbgkbgr



4 Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo

Tbgokhoe tbc Ogthnogm Hosthtutc na Dcsheo, anr igkhoe tbc

scma-spnosnrcd prnlc`t pnsshjmc. Vrnacssnr Dr. Lheocsb

Kbgkbgr na OHD, Egodbhogegr anr gmm tbc suppnrt, `rhthquc

god gdvh`c tbrnuebnut tbc prnlc`t durgthno; gmsn anr tbc :

ycgrs na icotnrsbhp tbgt bc prnvhdcd durhoe tbc Ocw Icdhg

Dcsheo nursc gt Ogthnogm Hosthtutc na Dcsheo. Cxprcsshoe

ergthtudc tn Vrnacssnr Dr. Gogod Pukuigrgo anr bhs euhdgo`c

god konwmcdec, naacrhoe g dhaacrcot pcrspc`thvc tnwgrds tbc

grcg uodcr dhs`usshno.

Lhtcodcr Lnsbh, Kgvhtg Prhohvgsgo, Pnogksbh Jntbgi, Igogsh

Gegrwgm, Dcvygoh I. Mgm, Bgrsbgm Kgrvgodc, Puvgoh Purh, Znmh

Gergwgm, Ggo`bgm Pnnd, Lgskccrgt Jcdh, Ohkbhm Lnsbh, Tgoulg

Ihsbrg god Luohnrs, Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo :677 jgt`b na OHD,

Egodbhogegr anr mcodhoe cgrs god bgvhoe pgthco`c. Uhtb

spc`hgm tbgoks tn Grsbgd Vgtbgo na OHD, Egodbhogegr god

Bussgho Mhidhygwgmg anr tbc suppnrt durhoe tbc prntntyphoe

pbgsc. Gmsn Pglhtb Enphogtbgo god tbc OHD Unrksbnp ernup

anr tbchr bcmp ho rcgmhzhoe tbc hostgmmgthno stru`turc.

Zcst na tbc arhcods, anr codurhoe bcr tbrnueb tbc bhebs

god mnws na tbc prnlc`t tbrnueb `nostgot ernuodhoegod inthvgthno. Mgst jut ont tbc mcgst; anr gmm tbc mnvc,

uodcrstgodhoe god suppnrt arni bcr dcgr agihmy.

Tbgok ynu gmm.

G`konwmcdecicots




”Anr iy ergodagtbcr‘s mnvcanr bnrth`umturc’




@notcots

77.7 Gjstrg`t

7.: Inthvgthno

7.0 Hohthgm jrhca

7.4 Vrnlc`t s`npc

7.3 Gpprng`bno

prn`css

: :.7 Sodcrstgodhoe annd

:.: Annd god sn`hcty

:.0 Hovcsthegthoe tbc

annd `bgho

:.4 Cxgihohoe annd

`umturc

00.7 Kcy tnu`b pnhots

0.: Zcargihoe tbc`notcxt

0.0 Hoamuco`hoe ag`tnrs

4 4.7 Annd ho pghothoes

4.: Annd ho hostgmmgthnos

4.0 Annd dcsheo

4.4 Cgthoe dcsheo

4.3 Vrc`cdco`c

68 78 40 33

Kcy tnu`bpnhots

Vcr`chvhoeannd

Pyonpshs Annd & Grt




3 3.7 Dhoocr Tgjmc

3.: Vmgots gs Hotcrag`cs

3.0 Annd gs Hotcrag`cs

1 1.7 Ppg`c

1.: Zcprcscotgthno &stnry

1.0 @nostru`thno

1.4 Ogvhegthno Amnw

1.3 @bgmmcoecs

1.1 Auturc s`npc

5 2

23 770 730 738

@no`cpts &cxpcrhicots

Hostgmmgthnodcvcmnpicot

@no`mushno Goocxurc




7Pyonpshs

7.7 Gjstrg`t

7.: Inthvgthno

7.0 Hohthgm jrhca

7.4 Vrnlc`t s`npc

7.3 Gpprng`b noprn`css




7.7 Gjstrg`t

Uc grc wbgt wc cgt - Tbhs hs go cphergi

wbh`b vgmhdgtcs nur mnoe-stgodhoe rcmgthnosbhp

whtb annd. Annd jcshdcs jchoe g sujlc`t

na codmcss pgsshnogtc dhsùsshno whtbho

nur pcrsnogm god inst hothigtc mhvcs, bgs

bhstnrh`gmmy jcco g sheohah`got hodh`gtnr na nur

ùmturgm, c`nmneh`gm god sn`hgm rcgmis.

Annd hs natco gssn`hgtcd whtb bgpphocss,

icinrhcs god onstgmehg. Ht hs gmwgys

hijucd whtb prnanuod icgohoe wbh`b hs

`niiuoh`gtcd ho vgrhnus syijnmh` wgys. Ht

cxprcsscs nur umturgm hdcothty jy dcahohoe

god dctcrihohoe sn`hgm onris god `go natco

jc cipmnycd tn dcahoc gs g icgsurc na nur

stgodhoe ho sn`hcty. Tbhs hodh`gtcs tbgt annd

bgs jrnuebt gjnut gs iu`b cx`mushno gs ht

bgs gsshstcd us ho jrcgkhoe dnwo tbc umturgm

jgrrhcrs wbhmc onurhsbhoe us god naacrhoe us

`nianrt. Tbc prndu`thno, dhstrhjuthno god

`nosuipthno na annd hs god gmwgys bgs jcco

trnujmcd whtb nipmcx hssucs rgoehoe arnihodustrhgmhzgthno tn emnjgmhzgthno. Anr snic,

tbc onthno na annd `nolurcs pghoaum icinrhcs

na buoecr, dcprhvgthno god strueemc.

Annd bgs jc`nic go cxhecot hssuc, duc

tn jcbgvhnurgm indhah`gthno na gppcthtcs

gs urjgo s`cogrhns grc g prnvn`gthvc

covhrnoicots stru`turcd no nosuicrhsi.

Ubhmc annd `nosuipthno dc`hshnos grc igdc

igoy thics g dgy, inst annd hotcrg`thnos anr

urjgo pcnpmc n`ùr jgscd no novcohco`c god

bgjhtugm prg`th`cs. Tbhs shtugthno hs ho `notrgst

tn tbc ag`t tbgt annd hs gt tbc `cotrc na emnjgm

covhrnoicot, bcgmtb, god sn`hgm hssucs tbgt

grc jc`nihoe ho`rcgshoemy hiihocot.

Tbhs prnlc`t prcscotcd g uohquc bgmmcoec

na cipmnyhoe dcsheo god grt gs g tnnm tn

rc-cxgihoc tbc sheohah`go`c god rcmcvgo`c

na annd ho nur ùrrcot sn`hn-ùmturgm god

hodhvhdugm ihmhcu, `cmcjrgthoe hts hotrhosh`

`nooc`thno whtb nurscmvcs, god cxpmnrc ht gs

g prhigry rhtugm tbgt anstcrs coegecicot,

hotcrg`thno god nmmgjnrgthno. Ht gmsn

`niprhscs g `rhth`gm cxgihogthno na hssucs

surrnuodhoe ‒annd‘ tbrnueb tbc hotcrsc`thno na

annd, umturc god tc`bonmney.

Tbc prnlc`t‘s hostgmmgthno naacrs gonppnrtuohty tn coegec ho sthiumgthoe

`novcrsgthnos grnuod tbc dhs`nursc na annd

tbrnueb go grthsth` icdhui.

Tbc hostgmmgthno hs go hoshebt hotn nur urjgo

annd bgho, wbcrc cvcrytbhoe hs notrnmmcd jy

`nrpnrgthnos, jrgodhoe god pnmhth`s; drhvco

jy tbc gphtgmhsth` ihodscts. Agricrs god

prndu`crs tndgy, grc anr`cd tn gjhdc jy tbchr

wbhis & tc`bonmney, nr grc jchoe cmhihogtcd.

@nosuicrs grc mcat whtbnut bnh`cs,

uogoswcrcd qucsthnos, bcgmtb hssucs god

hoamgthno. Ht hs tn uodcrstgod, grthùmgtc god

prcscot tbcsc ag`ts ho g onvh`c igoocr.

Tbrnueb grcaummy rgatcd hotcrg`thnos god

go cmcicot na buinur, pcnpmc go hotcrprct

tbc stnry na tbc urjgo annd `bgho. Ht uscs

ujhquhtnus njlc`ts god hotcrg`thnos na nur

dghmy mhac, njlc`thvc jchoe tn suj`nos`hnusmy

gmtcr tbc pcr`cpthnos na hodhvhdugms; tn jc gjmc

tn hosphrc tbci hotn qucsthnohoe tbc cxhsthoe

urjgo annd umturc god igkc hoanricd

dc`hshnos gs g `nosuicr.

Annd hs shipmy uscd gs g icdhui tn hotcrg`t,

cxpmnrc, coegec god colny. Jno Gppètht!




”Noc `goont tbhok wcmm,

mnvc wcmm, smccp wcmm,

ha noc bgs ont dhocd wcmm’

Qhrehohg Unnma



7: Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo

7.: Inthvgthno

* bttp<// gren`nm mc`thvc.`ni/shirgo`bnprg/Hovcs thegthnos

# bttp<// gren`nm mc`thvc.`ni/shirgo`bnprg/@he@bc `k

Nur rcmgthnosbhp whtb annd gmtbnueb

uo`nianrtgjmc bgs jcco dccpmy pcrsnogm. Ht

rcodcrs ocw icgohoes god uodcrstgodhoe

na nur jndhcs, pmcgsurcs god dcshrcs,

anstcrs wgritb god g scosc na wcmm-jchoe,

csscothgmmy cogjmhoe us tn konw nurscmvcs.

Uc gssn`hgtc annd whtb snic na nur

inst icinrgjmc thics, aumm na lny, ho tbc

`nipgoy na ntbcrs. Annd hs g vhtgm god

gminst hoscpgrgjmc pgrt na nur sbgrhoe godcx`bgoec.

Ho tbc gutbnr‘s mhac, annd bgs gmwgys jcco gt

tbc cotrc na gmm bcr cxpcrhco`cs durhoe bcr

trgvcm, icinrhcs god novcrsgthnos.

Tbc gutbnr gmsn bgs g strnoe rcmgthnosbhp

whtb tc`bonmney. Pbc bgd prcvhnusmy

uodcrtgkco g prnlc`t hovnmvhoe nmag`tnry

hotcrag`cs* god bgd gttciptcd gt juhmdhoe

g sigrt hegrcttc gsc ho gontbcr prnlc`t#.

Tbcsc prnlc`ts inthvgtcd bcr tn cxpmnrc

inrc hotn tbc uodcrstgodhoe na ”tgoehjmc

hotcrag`cs’, inrc spc`hah`gmmy ho tbc grcg na

hostgmmgthno god `rhth`gm dcsheo.

@nijhohoe tbcsc twn ahrst bgod cxpcrhco`cs

hs tbhs prnlc`t. Tbc gutbnr rc`neohzcs tbc

ags`hogthoe sujlc`t igttcr na ’Annd’ gs g

icdhui, tn ehvc nut dhvcrsc hoanrigthno

ho mgycrs, wbh`b go jc hotcrprctcd jy

tbc pcrsno gt dhaacrcot mcvcms tbrnueb

iumthindgm hotcrg`thnos.{7}




@bgmmcoec

Tn gddrcss, cobgo`c god g`bhcvc g `niino

dhgmneuc jctwcco grt, dcsheo god tc`bonmney.

Hotcot jchoe tn ighotgho covhrnoicotgm bcgmtb

god sn`hgm sustghogjhmhty tbgt hotcmmc`tugmmy

sthiumgtcs hodhvhdugms god `niiuohtyrcegrdhoe jmgzhoe emnjgm hssucs wbh`b igohacst

ho nur urjgo dghmy mhvcs. @noscqucotmy, tn

jc gjmc tn co`nurgec go hodhvhdugm tn wgmk

tnwgrds tbc pgtb na hiprnvhoe tbcqugmhty na

tbchr mhac.

Tbcic

Tndgy, wc mcgd g ic`bgohscd m hac, surrnuodcd

jy ig`bhocs, wc bgvc anrenttco tn pgusc

god njscrvc nur surrnuodhoes. Uc tcod tn

nvcrmnnk tbc shipmc ougo`cs ho mhac. Picmm natbc ahrst ùp na `naacc, tnu`b na arcsbmy inwcd

ergss, lny na cxpcrhco`hoe g novcrsgthno.Tbc

tbcic na tbhs prnlc`t rcvnmvcs grnuod igkhoe

vgrhnus su`b tbhoes, pcr`cpthjmc nr tgoehjmc,

vhshjmc tn us. @umturc hoamuco`cs jcbgvhnurs

na jntb tbc `niiuohty god tbc hodhvhdugm.

G``nrdhoemy, bgoehoe go hodhvhdugm‘s nutmnnk

tn bhs surrnuodhoes ho g dgy-tn-dgy cvcot

whtb tbc hotcothno na onurhsbicot whtb

sustghogjmc vgmucs, hs g bgmmcoec. Tbc ùrrcoturjgo covhrnoicot rcamc`ts bgmmcoehoe

hssucs. Anr cxgipmc, go cvcrydgy jgsh` annd

hotcrg`thno anr igoy hodhvhdugms shipmy

hovnmvcs nosuipthno na rcgdyigdc icgms

god prn`csscd annd, jgscd no `novcohco`c

god bgjhtugm prg`thscs. Tbhs shtugthno hs ho

`notrgst tn tbc ag`t tbgt annd/onurhsbicot hs

gt tbc cotrc na tbc emnjgm covhrnoicot, bcgmtb

god sn`hgm hssucs tbgt grc jc`nihoe hipcodhoe

tndgy.[7Y Tbc prnjmci `nothoucs tn hotcoshay

whtb tbc uoprc`cdcotcd s`gmc na urjgo ernwtbho rc`cot ycgrs. Ho tbhs ùrrcot ihmhcu, tbhs

prnlc`t cxpmnrcs tbc khod na `notrhjuthnos tbgt

wc go igkc arni tbc onvcm pcrspc`thvc na

scoshthvc Hotcrg`thno Dcsheo.

Vntcothgm

Tbc grcg na hovcsthegthno god gogmyshs

whmm ho`mudc bnw tn `no`cptugmhsc, dcsheo,

dcpmny, god uthmhsc ujhquhtnus tc`bonmnehcs

ho cvcrydgy urjgo mhac, whtbho dhvcrsc sn`hn-

ùmturgm notcxts ho nrdcr tn umthvgtc godprnintc sustghogjmc umturc, whtb g rhth`gm

rcamc`thno no gmrcgdy cxhsthoe prg`thscs.

Tbc nrc anuodgthno na tbc prnlc`t whmm jc

tn suj`nos`hnusmy sthiumgtc god gmtcr tbc

pcr`cpthno na hodhvhdugms ho nrdcr tn jc

scoshthvc tn tbc gusc god tn g`t rcspnoshjmy

ho tbc auturc. Tbc nut`nic na tbc prnlc`t whmm

jc g scrhcs na tgoehjmc hostgmmgthnos, dhehtgm god

ocw icdhg grt rcegrdhoe tbc sgic.

@rhth`gm Dcsheo anr Pustghogjmc @umturc

7.0 Hohthgm jrhca

[7Y @bnh, Lgz Bcc-lcnoe god Antb, Igrùs god Bcgro, Ercenry O.

god Jmcvhs, Cmh god Bhrs`b, Tgd (:668) Buoery :4/5> B@H Dcsheo

anr Pustghogjmc Annd @umturc (Unrksbnp). Ho< N\@BH :668




7.4 Vrnlc`t s`npc

Tbc rnmc na tbc dcsheocr pnst tbc

hodustrhgmhzgthno crg hovnmvcs jrcgkhoe

tbc rumcs god tbc jnuodgrhcs ginoe tbc

dhs`hpmhocs jy hovcsthegthoe tbc no`cpt na

`rhth`gm dcsheo.

@rhth`gm dcsheo uscs dcsheocd grtcag`ts gs

go cijndhcd rhthquc nr niicotgry no

`nosuicr umturc.[:Y Jntb tbc grtcag`t god hts

sujscqucot usc, rcamc`t no cxhsthoe vgmucs god

prg`th`cs ho g `umturc. G `rhth`gm dcsheo natco`bgmmcoecs hts gudhco`c‘s prc`no`cpthnos god

cxpc`tgthnos tbcrcjy prnvnkhoe ocw wgys na

tbhokhoe gjnut tbc njlc`t, hts usgec, god tbc

surrnuodhoe covhrnoicot.

Tbc prnlc`t s`npc hs tn prnvnkc, hosphrc,

igkc us tbhok, god qucsthno auodgicotgm

gssuipthnos; `notrhjuthoe tn g dhgmneuc

gjnut tbc rnmc na tc`bonmney / annd ho

cvcrydgy mhac. Gs quntcd jy Annd Dcsheocr

IgthEuhxc, ”H whmm juy pcrbgps twn `bghrs hoiy mhacthic, jut H‘mm juy annd tbrcc thics g

dgy. Ubhmc igoy dcsheocrs strhvcd tn nic

up whtb yct gontbcr ercgt ocw bghr, H jcmhcvc

tbgt tbc inst nipcmmhoe god ocemc`tcd grcg

na dcsheo wgs god sthmm hs, annd’. [0Y

@noshdcrhoe annd gs go cdhjmc prndu`t na

igss nosuipthno, dcsheocd god agr arni

goy rcacrco`c tn nnkhoe, trgdhthno god

egstrnoniy, ht go jc uscd gs g icgos na

hoanrigthno dhsscihogthno. Hovcsthegthoe

ujhquhtnus tc`bonmnehcs, tbc dcsheocr‘s rnmc

wnumd jc tn usc hotcrg`thno dcsheo whtb g

`no`cptugm gpprng`b. Ubctbcr npcomy god

g`thvcmy, nr ho sujtmc, sujmhihogm wgys, tbhoes

tgmk tn us, god dcsheocrs bcmp dcvcmnp godhiprnvhsc tbc dhgmneuc.

Tbc prnlc`t an`uscs no njlc`ts tbgt hovnmvc

dhrc`t hotcrg`thnos, su`b gs tgoehjmc

hotcrag`cs, vhsugmhzgthno god niiuoh`gthno

dcvh`cs tbgt cstgjmhsb go cinthnogm nr

hotcmmc`tugm `nooc`thno whtb tbchr uscrs.

Tbc nut`nic sbnumd cvnkc tbc occd anr

`nostgot cvgmugthno na tbc pgrgictcrs

na nosuipthno, g`thvc coegecicot god

rchovcothno no tbc pgrt na tbc nosuicr jyushoe dcsheo gs g pmgtanri anr qucsthnohoe,

vhsugmhshoe god hoamuco`hoe notcipnrgry

buigo jcbgvhnur. Tbc pmgyaum, rhth`gm god

prnvn`gthvc gtthtudc na tbc wnrk whmm mcgd tn

hoouicrgjmc pnsshjhmhthcs god rcspnoscs.

[:Y @rhth`gm dcsheo, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/@rhth`gm^dcsheo

[0Y Euhxc Igth :677. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.euhxc.`ni




{:} Unrdmc ecocrgtcd anr tbc hohthgm rcscgr`b dn`uicot, tcmmhoe dhaacrcot wnrds gssn`hgtcd whtb tbc tnph`.




Tbc prnlc`t stgrtcd whtb g anrimcss hdcg na

wbgt hs annd god bnw hs ht rcmcvgot tn pcnpmc

god tbchr mhvcs. Tbc sujscqucot uodcrstgodhoe

mcd tn ahodhoes gjnut tbc umturgm rcmcvgo`c

god tbc urrcot annd umturc tbgt wc mhvc

ho. Tbrnueb tbnrnueb rcgdhoes god drgwo

`no`mushnos g notcxt wgs prcpgrcd, kccphoe

ho ihod tbc ho`mhogthno na tbc prnlc`t.

Tbc umturgm god trgdhthnogm sheohah`go`c na

annd hs `bgoehoe whtb tbc `urrcot hoamuco`csna tbc covhrnoicot god tbc thics wc mhvc ho.

Gatcr uodcrstgodhoe tbc nrc hssucs, tbcy wcrc

`gtcenrhzcd god dcvcmnpcd hotn ictgpbnrs.

Tbc rcprcscotgthno na tbc ictgpbnrs wgs

shipmhahcd tbrnueb `bgrg`tcrhzgthno. Tbcsc

`bgrg`tcrs ogrrgtc tbc stnry tn tbc vhcwcr

tbrnueb dhgmneucs wbh`b grc hipg`taum god

buinrnus ho ogturc, ehvhoe ht tbc csscothgm

`rhth`gm vhcw pnhot. Tbc anuodgthno na tbc

prnlc`t whmm jc tn gmtcr pcnpmc‘s pcr`cpthnos,

scoshthzhoe tbci tn tbc `gusc god tn g`t

rcspnoshjmy ho tbc auturc.

Tbc gpprng`b no tbc prn`css wgs htcrgthvc,

wbh`b hovnmvcd dhaacrcot no`cpts god

prntntypcs. Tbc prntntypcs wcrc tgoehjmc

nr dhehtgm ho ogturc. Pu``csshvc htcrgthnosnaacr g rcmcvgot qugmhty na cxpmnrgthno god

cxpcrhicotgthno tbgt wgs rcquhrcd tn rcg`b

nr dcrhvc tbc `no`mushno. Tbc nut`nic na tbc

prnlc`t jchoe, ocw icdhg grt hostgmmgthno wbh`b

`rhth`gmmy cxgihocs tbc `nosuicrhst pnhot na

vhcw no annd.

7.3 Gpprng`b no prn`css

{0}




{0} Tbc dhgergi sbnws dhaacrcot htcrgthvc stcps uodcrtgkco tbrnueb tbc prnlc`t.

{4} Tbc dhgergi sbnws tbc vgrhnus stgecs ho tbc dcsheo prn`css, anr tbc prnlc`t.

{4}




:Vcr`chvhoeannd

:.7 Sodcrstgodhoe annd

:.: Annd god sn`hcty

:.0 Hovcsthegthoe tbcannd `bgho

:.4 Cxgihohoe annd`umturc



:6 Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo

:.7 Sodcrstgodhoe annd

Cxpcrhco`hoe AnndUc en jg`k tn tbc Ercck mgssh`gm tbcnry

na ”tgjumg rgsg’ wbcrc tbcrc hs ontbhoe ho

tbc jcehoohoe god cvcrytbhoe nics arni

cxpcrhco`c. Jy cxpcrhco`hoe g mnt na tbhoes, wc

gjstrg`t tbc hdcg na wbgt wc grc rcigrkhoe

no; tbhs tbnuebt hs gogmnenus ho tbc `gsc anr

cxpcrhco`cs whtb annd.

On igttcr wbn wc grc nr wbcrc wc mhvc, nur

mhvcs rcvnmvc grnuod annd. Iu`b inrc tbgo

shipmc sustcogo`c, annd hs g pgrt na nur `umturc

god nur trgdhthnos. Cvcrytbhoe gjnut cgthoe

‐ ho`mudhoe wbgt wc cgt, bnw ht tgstcs, wbn

prcpgrcs ht god wbn‘s gt tbc tgjmc ‐ hs g anri

na `niiuoh`gthno rh`b whtb icgohoe [0Y. Annd

ho g wgy hs gmrcgdy dcsheocd god uodcrencs g

dcsheo prn`css gt cvcry stcp. Arni igkhoe g

`bnh`c tn tbc nosuipthno cvcrytbhoe anmmnws

g prn`css wbh`b go jc jrnkco dnwo hotn

ag`tnrs. Ha wc try god njscrvc nur hotcrg`thnoswhtb annd, cgthoe hs gmrcgdy g iumth-scosnrhgm

cxpcrhco`c whtb iumthindgm hotcrg`thnos whtb

hoouicrgjmc pnsshjhmhthcs.

Tbc inst gstnuodhoe hotcrg`thno whtb tbc

cgtcr hs tbc sicmm, cvco ha tbc vhsugm accdjg`k

hs ono-cxhstcot tbc pcrsno `go sicmm god

rc`neohsc nr cvco tgstc tbc annd (syostbcshg nr

onstgmehg). Ht gmsn bcmps tbc cgtcr tn dctcrihoc

tbc qugmhty na annd. Uc wcrc g``ustnicd tn

tbhok tbgt tbhs wgs cothrcmy sujlc`thvc, nutshdc

tbc wnrmd na s`hco`c. Onw tbc `bcihsts grcgjmc tn tcmm us tbgt cg`b sicmm nr cg`b tgstc bgs

g `crtgho `bcih`gm `nipnshthno god tn ehvc us

tbc rcgsnos wby sujlc`thvcmy snic sicmms nr

snic tgstcs accm tn us gs bgvhoe snictbhoe

ho `niino god snic ntbcrs scci whdcmy

dhaacrcot.

Tbco nics tbc vhsugm hotcrg`thno

(prcscotgthno) wbh`b gmsn gmmnws tbc pcrsno

tn ludec tbc qugmhty na annd tbgt sbc hs gjnut

tn cgt. Gs tbc wnrmd hs invhoe tn g inrc

vhsugm jgscd anrigt ht pmgys noc na tbc insthipnrtgot rnmcs ho dc`hdhoe wbgt tn cgt god

wbctbcr ht tgstcs ennd. Tbhs hotcrg`thno hs

dcpcodcot no tbc jgsh`s na vhsugm dcsheo mhkc

`nmnr, jgmgo`c, bgrinoy ct`.

Gatcrwgrd nics tbc scosc na tnu`b wbh`b

gmmnws ynu tn accm tbc tcxturc god inst

hipnrtgotmy, pmgy whtb ht. Vcnpmc dno‘t

`no`cotrgtc no tbc ag`t tbgt wbco tbcy cgt

tbcy g`tugmmy pmgy whtb tbchr annd, naacrhoe

dhaacrcot hotcrg`thnos god pnsshjhmhthcs. Anr

cxgipmc tbc wgy wc igkc g sgodwh`b, go jc

dhaacrcot arni pcrsno tn pcrsno.

Ubco wc jhtc hotn nur annd, wc `go bcgr tbc

snuod ho nur bcgd. Ht gmsn pmgys go hipnrtgot

rnmc wbco noc coegecs ho `nnkhoe annd, mhkc

tbc agihmhgr `nnkhoe snuods arni nur kht`bco.

Tbc inst hotcrcsthoe ag`ct - tbc tgstc, hs tbc

inst sgthsayhoe, onurhsbhoe god tbc inst

hipnrtgot pgrt na annd. Tgstc hs dhvhdcd hotn

swcct, snur, sgmty god jhttcr. Tgstc hs bhebmy

hotcrdcpcodcot no tbc sicmm. Mgst hotcrg`thno

whtb annd hs tbc wgy ht cxhts nur jndy, anr goymhvhoe jchoe. Annd dcsheo nr cgthoe dcsheo `go

gmsn jc syonoyih` tn dcsheohoe cx`rctg.

Tbc hotcrdcpcodco`y na annd tn tbc cphsndh`

cxpcrhco`cs hs hodhvhshjmc. Annd god icinry

[0Y Bgrrhs Vgtrh`hg, Myno Dgvhd. Tc icgohoe n nnd[4Y Pbcpbcrd I. Enrdno, :67:. Ocurnegstrnoniy< Bnw tbc Jrgho @rcgtcs Amgvnr god Uby Ht Igttcrs, Sohtcd Ptgtcsn Gicrh`g< @nmuijhg Sohvcrshty Vrcss.[3Y Gscoshn Ns`gr Vg`n, :663. Annd Dcsheo, TcOcucs.

[1Y Qnecmzgoe Igrhlc, P`bnuwcojcre Mnuhsc. :668. Cgt Mnvc< Annd @no`cpts. Gistcrdgi< Jhs J.Q., Shtecvcrhl(JHP Vujmhsbcrs).



Dhpmnig Vrnlc`t | Ptnry na tbc Srjgo Annd @bgho :7

mcgds tn onstgmehg wbh`b hs g vcry pcrsnogm god

hodhvhdugmhsth` pgrt na tbc jrgho.[4Y Annd bgs tbc

`gpgjhmhty tn trheecr crtgho sct na pmcgsgot nr

icmgo`bnmh` tbnuebts gssn`hgtcd tn noc‘s pgst

cxpcrhco`cs gttg`bcd tn tbc cxcr`hsc na hts

`nosuipthno su`b gs pmg`c, pcrsno ct`.

Annd hs go grcg wbh`b hs bheb no ono-

hotcothnogm dcsheo (OHD)[3Y. Arni tbc pmg`cs

wbcrc wc nnk, bnw wc nnk, tbc wgy wc

scrvc, cvcrytbhoe nregoh`gmmy ernws g``nrdhoe

tn tbc occds na tbc pcrsno.

Iumth-scosnrhgm cxpcrhco`c bgs ont jcco wcmm

grth`umgtcd, sho`c wc tcod tn tgkc sustcogo`c

anr ergotcd. Uc gihdst nur ic`bgohscd mhac,

bgvc anrenttco tn rcamc`t jg`k no tbc inst

hipnrtgot hotcrg`thno tbgt hs pcranricd dghmy

jy cvcrynoc. Cicreco`c na cgthoe dcsheo hs

rcmcvgot tn tbc vcrj ”Tn cgt’. Ht hs g wgy nadcsheohoe hotcrg`thnos nr cxpcrhco`cs wnvco

grnuod annd. Ht dcmvcs hotn tbc `notcxt na

`umturc, bhstnry god cxpcrhco`c [1Y cxpmnrhoe

bnw sigmm hotcrvcothnos nr cxpcrhicots go

`rcgtc g jhe dhaacrco`c.

{3} {1}

{3} Tbc higec niicots no, bnw wc usc dhaacrcot scosnrs ho go

hotcrag`c tn rcpmh`gtc nur scoscs.



:: Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo

Vcnpmc‘s pcr`cpthnosAnnd hs go cxprcsshno na buigohty. Ht sbnws

bnw nur gtthtudcs, prg`th`cs god rhtugms

grnuod annd rcamc`t nur inst jgsh` jcmhcas

gjnut nur wnrmd god nurscmvcs.

Ht tgkcs us jg`k tn uodcrstgod bhstnry god

ùmturc gs annd hs ont hoscpgrgjmc arni tbc

twn. Trg`hoe tbc nrhehos na buigo scttmcicot

god bnw gpprng`bgjhmhty na annd mcd tn

onigdh` buotcrs jc`nihoe agricrs, wbh`b

aurtbcr mcgd tn cstgjmhsbicot na stgpmc annds

god dhcts.

Ht gmsn g``nuots anr tbc ag`t bnw dhaacrcot

cxnth` annds wbco hotrndu`cd tn mn`gm annd

systcis tbrnueb sujscqucot nmnohsgthnos

tbrnuebnut tbc wnrmd bgvc onw jc`nic

pgrt na dghmy dhcts. Tbc cxnth` vgrhcthcs bgvc

jc`nic ogthvc gs tbcy grc onw prndu`cd god

`nosuicd mn`gmmy. Anr cxgipmc pntgtn godtnigtn grc snic na tbc vcectgjmc god aruht

vgrhcthcs tbgt bgvc trgvcmmcd g`rnss tbc wnrmd

whdcmy tbrnueb Ppgohsb `nmnohcs.

Annd, umturc god rcmhehno grc hoscpgrgjmc,

jc ht ahoc whoc nr lust nur bnicigdc jrcgd,

cvcry umturc bgs dccp rnntcd trgdhthnos

mhokcd whtb annd. Ho `crcinohcs nr rcmhehnus

rhtugms annd pmgys go hipnrtgot rnmc. Ht `go

jc anr onurhsbicot, pmcgshoe tbc ends nr

sbnwhoe bgrhty.

Pnic icinrhcs grc sbgpcd jy mgoeugec,

ntbcrs jy higecry. Iu`b na nur inrgm

god sn`hgm mhac dcpcods no tbc pcùmhgr

wgys ho wbh`b wc grc cijcddcd ho thic.

‒Icinry‘ mgjcms g dhvcrsc sct na `neohthvc

`gpg`hthcs jy wbh`b wc rctgho hoanrigthno

god rc`nostru`t pgst cxpcrhco`cs, usugmmy

anr prcscot purpnscs. Icinry hs noc na

tbc inst hipnrtgot wgys jy wbh`b nur

bhstnrhcs gohigtc nur ùrrcot g`thnos god

cxpcrhco`cs[5Y . Inst ontgjmy, tbc buigo

gjhmhty tn nolurc up mnoe-enoc jut spc`hah`

cphsndcs na mhvcs hs jntb agihmhgr god puzzmhoe,

god hs g kcy gspc`t na pcrsnogm hdcothty.

Annd cxpcrhco`cs grc bhebmy dcpcodcot no

icinry, pcrsnogm hdcothty god vh`c vcrsg.

Anr cxgipmc wbco g survcy wgs `nodu`tcd

gskhoe pcnpmc gjnut bnw tbcy pcr`chvcd

annd, tbc goswcrs rgoecd arni tbchr pgst

cxpcrhco`cs gjnut bnic annd, dgtcs whtb

snicnoc spc`hgm, intbcr nnkcd annd,

`cmcjrgthnos, acsthvhthcs, ct`. Cxpcrhco`cs

god icinry grc gmwgys notcxtugm; ht

gmsn dcpcods no tbc ùrrcot s`cogrhn na

tbc hodhvhdugm. Bco`c, icinry sccis tn

jc g snur`c na konwmcdec, ho tbc grcg na

annd cxpcrhco`cs. Ho prg`th`c, tbcrc go jc

`mnsc hotcrg`thnos jctwcco rcicijcrhoe,pcr`chvhoe, god higehohoe.

[5Y Ptgoanrd :677. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//pmgtn.stgoanrd.cdu/cotrhcs/icinry/

{5}




{2} Ihod igpphoe no tbc tnph` na annd god nur pcr`cpthnos tnwgrds ht.




@hty na Icmjnuroc‘s annd pnmh`y [2Y

Icmjnuroc hs wnrmd-rconwocd anr tbc qugmhty

na hts annd god hts mhvcgjhmhty, god wc wgot ht

tn stgy tbgt wgy; wc wgot tn igkc surc tbgt

cvcrynoc ho Icmjnuroc go colny ennd annd,

onw god rcmhgjmy hotn tbc auturc.

Tbc wgy wc cgt hs go hipnrtgot pgrt na bnw

wc nooc`t gs pcnpmc god niiuohthcs,

god gmsn hoamuco`cs tbc strcoetb na nur mn`gmc`noniy god tbc qugmhty na nur covhrnoicot.

Tbc gvghmgjhmhty, g``csshjhmhty god sustghogjhmhty

na bcgmtby annd hs gs csscothgm tn Icmjnuroc‘s

mhvcgjhmhty gs tbc qugmhty na nur pujmh` spg`cs,

scrvh`cs god ochebjnurbnnds. Tbcrc grc

bnwcvcr, sheos tbgt Icmjnuroc‘s annd systci

hs ag`hoe scrhnus bgmmcoecs, god tbc wgy tbc

`niiuohty rcspnods whmm sbgpc tbc qugmhty

na mhac whtbho tbc @hty na Icmjnuroc anr igoy

ycgrs tn nic.

Annd pnmh`y na Icmjnuroc @hty prnvhdcs go

nvcrgr`bhoe vhshno god argicwnrk tbgt whmm

euhdc nnrdhogtcd g`thno god dc`hshno-igkhoe

tn hiprnvc tbc annd systci. Tbc ghi na tbc

pnmh`y hs tn hiprnvc pcnpmc‘s bcgmtb god

wcmm-jchoe jy prninthoe g annd systci tbgt

hs scùrc, bcgmtby, sustghogjmc, tbrhvhoe god

sn`hgmmy ho`mushvc.

Tbc annd pnmh`y bgs jcco hoanricd jy tbc

nut`nics na g dhsùsshno pgpcr god g

`niiuohty nosumtgthno prn`css. @niiuohty

`nosumtgthnos wcrc nodu`tcd whtb niiuohty

icijcrs god stgkcbnmdcrs arni N`tnjcr :677

‐ tn Gprhm :67: tn cxpmnrc wbgt annd icgos tn

pcnpmc ho tbc @hty na Icmjnuroc god wbgt grc

tbc inst hipnrtgot annd hssucs tbc `niiuohty

whmm ag`c ho tbc auturc.

Hotrndu`thno

Icmjnuroc‘s annd hs g gusc anr `cmcjrgthno.

Vcnpmc bgvc rcgdy g``css tn g whdc vgrhcty na

bheb-qugmhty annds gmm ycgr rnuod, wbh`b tbcy

colny gt bnic god ho g dhvcrsc & tbrhvhoe s`coc

na gacs, rcstgurgots, jgrs god ntbcr nutmcts.

Tbcsc god ntbcr rcmgtcd jushocsscs grc go

hipnrtgot pgrt na tbc mn`gm c`noniy, prnvhdhoe

dhvcrsc lnjs, nppnrtuohthcs god cotcrprhsc.

Anr ntbcrs, tbcrc grc rcgm bgmmcoecs ho`noshstcotmy jchoe gjmc tn ect tbc annd tbcy

occd. Mhihtcd bnh`cs natco nijhocd whtb

pnnr pbysh`gm nr c`nonih` g``css uodcrihocs

bcgmtb god notrhjutcs tn annd hoscùrhty.

Tbnsc na us wbn dn bgvc rcgdy g``css tn tbc

annds tbcy wgot, gmsn natco cgt ho wgys tbgt

uodcrihoc tbchr bcgmtb.

Ht hs ho`rcgshoemy gppgrcot tbgt annd systcis

god tbc bcgmtb na tbc ogturgm systcis

tbgt suppnrt tbci (nur mgod, wgtcr god

gtinspbcrc) grc uosustghogjmc. Tbc occd tn

rcdu`c erccobnusc egs cihsshnos, gdgpt tn g

`bgoehoe mhigtc god rcdu`c nhm vumocrgjhmhty ho

tbc annd systci, hs prcsshoe. Tbcsc hssucs grc

cicrehoe gs hipnrtgot emnjgm no`cros. @hthcs

grnuod tbc wnrmd grc rc`neohshoe tbc hipnrtgot

rnmc tbcy go pmgy ho mcgdhoe god `gtgmyshoe`bgoec tnwgrds bcgmtby, sustghogjmc, aghr

god rcshmhcot annd systcis Tbc niiuohty

bgs grthùmgtcd g vhshno anr Icmjnuroc gs ”g

jnmd, hosphrgthnogm god sustghogjmc hty’.Tbhs

dhsùsshno pgpcr stgrts tbc novcrsgthno gjnut

wbgt tbhs icgos anr annd.

@gsc study

{8}




Nut`nic na tbc rcscgr`b<

‒UBGT DNCP ANND ICGO TN XNS>‘

• :0% Colnyicot, tgstcs ercgt god hs go

hodumeco`c

• ::% Icgos na survhvgm

• :7% Hs bcgmtby god outrhthnus

• 7:% Pn`hgmhshoe, sbgrhoe, `nooc`thoe whtbntbcrs

UBGT HIVNZTGOT ANND HPPSCP UHMM

UC AG@C HO TBC ASTSZC>‘

• :7% Annd hosc`urhty/ ont conueb annd

• 71% Vnnr qugmhty annd

• 70% Sosustghogjmc annd prndu`thno

prg`th`cs

• 77% Vnnr bcgmtb rcmgtcd tn mnw qugmhty`novcohco`c annds

@BGMMCOECP

Nur annd systci hs ag`hoe scrhnus

`bgmmcoecs, god tbc wgy wc rcspnod whmm

sbgpc tbc qugmhty na mhac ho tbc @hty na

Icmjnuroc anr igoy ycgrs tn nic.

• 3% na tbc gdumt pnpumgthno dn ont bgvc

conueb annd

• 84.3% na tbc gdumt pnpumgthno dn ont cgt

conueb vcectgjmcs

• 41% na tbc gdumt pnpumgthno dn ont cgt

conueb aruht

• 46% na bnuscbnmd rujjhsb hs annd wgstc

• Agst annd hs inrc gvghmgjmc, novcohcot

god gaanrdgjmc tbgo bcgmtby annd

• Agst annd sc`tnr ho icmjnuroc @JD bgs

ernwo jy nvcr 36% ho tbc pgst tco ycgrs

• 7 ho 0 `hty uscrs `nosuic agst annd wbco

tbcy grc ho tbc hty

[2Y@hty na Icmjnuroc, :677. [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.

icmjnuroc.vh`.env.gu/ niiuohtyscrvh cs/bcgmtb/anndpnmh`y/Vgecs/AnndVnmh`y.gspx{76}




:.: Annd & sn`hcty

[8Y Khpmc A. Kcooctb, Nrocmgs @nocâ Krhcibhmd, 7832. Tc @gijrhdec UnrmdBhstnry n Annd. @gijrhdec Sohvcrshty Vrcss[76Y Zhtzcr Ecnrec, :665. Tc I`Dnogmdhzgthno n Pn`hcty, PGEC Vujmh`gthnos[77Y I`Dnogmdhzgthno, [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc rni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/I`Dnogmdhzgthno

Annd bhstnryTn cxgihoc tbc bhstnry na annd; umturgm,

c`nonih`, covhrnoicotgm, god sn`hnmneh`gm

hipg`ts na annd whmm gmsn bgvc tn jc

`noshdcrcd. Annd bhstnrhgos mnnk gt annd

gs noc na tbc inst hipnrtgot cmcicots na

`umturcs, rcamc`thoe tbc sn`hgm god c`nonih`

stru`turc na sn`hcty.

Annd bgs jcco buotcd, egtbcrcd, umthvgtcd,god dnicsth`gtcd. Tbchr outrhthnogm igkcup

god uscs hipg`t no buigo pnpumgthnos. Ht

gmsn naacrs ecnergpbh`gm pcrspc`thvc no tbc

bhstnry god `umturc na g sn`hcty, naacrhoe us

konwmcdec gjnut sujlc`ts arni annd agds,

prcludh`cs god tgjnns.[8Y

Duc tn igoy hoamuco`hoe ag`tnrs igo bgs

cvnmvcd nvcr thic god bgs igohpumgtcd

covhrnoicot, umturc god sn`hcty. Tbcrc grc

tbhoes wc bgvc mnst god wc sbnumd try pcrbgps

tn rcegho tbci jc`gusc ho tbc khod na wnrmd

wc grc mhvhoe ho god whtb tbc khod na s`hcothah`

tbhokhoe wc grc jnuod tn anmmnw, wc go rcegho

tbcsc tbhoes cxg`tmy gs ha tbcy bgd ocvcr jcco

mnst; jut wc go try tn jc`nic gwgrc na tbchr

cxhstco`c god tbchr hipnrtgo`c. Indcro

s`hco`c hs ont invhoe gwgy arni tbcsc mnst

tbhoes jut gttcipthoe tn rchotcergtc tbci ho

tbc ahcmd na s`hcothah` cxpmgogthno.

{77} G ahvc dgy rgthno mhst, Lcidct Ogsr pcrhn, 0666 - :866 J@

{7:} Jut`bcrIgougm, Tnnms, 7366 GD

Jrhthsb Iuscui, Mnodno.

{77}

{7:}




Pyijnmhsi na anndPyijnmney no`cros tbc study na syijnms.

G syijnm hs snictbhoe tbgt stgods anr, nr

sueecsts g no`cpt, hdcg, jcmhca, g`thno,

gssn`hgthno, nr igtcrhgm cothty wbh`b hs ont

dhrc`tmy prcscot. Pyijnms tgkc tbc anri na

wnrds, snuods, ecsturcs, nr vhsugm higecs

uscd tn novcy hdcgs god jcmhcas. Jgsh`gmmy

wc grc rcacrrhoe tn umturgm syijnms god bnwtbcsc syijnms go jc hotcrprctcd tn jcttcr

uodcrstgod g pgrth`umgr sn`hcty.

Annd mhkc gmm buigo g`thvhty bgs tcrrhah`

syijnmh` vgmuc. Ht hs jc`gusc ht hs `cotrgm tn

buigo cxhstco`c. Anr cxgipmc wbco ynu grc

cgthoe g dhsb, mct us sgy, kbccr wbh`b hs scrvcd

gt g puolgjh wcddhoe, tbc annd dhsb cxhts gt g

mhtcrgm mcvcm ho tcris na scosc cxpcrhco`c, jut ht

gmsn stgods anr snictbhoe cmsc, ht syijnmhscs

snic gspc`t na trgdhthno, umturc god bhstnry.

Gmm sn`hgm ernups cgt annd gt g mhtcrgm mcvcmgod gmsn gt g iytbh`gm syijnmh` mcvcm, wbh`b

hs tbgt tbc dhsb rcprcscots snic icgohoes

na tbc sn`hgm ernup gjnut tbc wnrmd. Tbgt

hs wby ho acsthvgms, rhtugms, rcmhehnus rhtugms,

igrrhgecs ct`., tbcrc hs g `crtgho mhst na dhsbcs

tbgt grc prcpgrcd tbgt hs dhaacrcot anr cg`b

sn`hgm ernup. Tbhs dcs`rhpthno sueecstcd whmm

gmsn bnmd truc anr tbc wgy wc prcpgrc annd nr

cxpcrhco`c ht umturgmmy.

Ha wc sueecst agst annd, h t whmm bgvc dhaacrcot

syijnmh` vgmuc tbgo tbc prcpgrcd (stgpmc)

annd tbgt cvcry umturgm ernup bgs. Ptgpmc annd

hs g tcri tbgt pcnpmc usc tn dcs`rhjc wbgt g

sn`hgm ernup cgts no g dghmy jgshs, gs tbgt anndhtci hs gvghmgjmc ho tbgt mn`gm ecnergpbh`gm

grcg. Gs annd go ocvcr jc hodcpcodcot na tbc

sn`hgm nr `umturgm `notcxt na tbc ernup god agst

annd `go jc scco syijnmh` na tbc hodustrhgm,

`nosuipthno nr prndu`thno icgohoe na tbc

wnrmd. Tbc mhtcrgm scosc na agst annd hs gjnut

annd tbgt `go jc quh`kmy igdc mhkc g sog`k god

cgtco quh`kmy tnn, ho tbc syijnmh` scosc agst

annd `go jc mhokcd whtb I`Dnogmdhsgthno. Ho

tbc jnnk Tbc I`Dnogmdhzgthno na Cvcrytbhoe,

Ecnrec Zhtzcr cxgihocs bnw I`Dnogmd‘s hdcgna annd bgs `nic arni hodustrhgm mneh` god hs

onw gppmhcd tn cvcry gspc`t na mhac ho sn`hcty

`bhcamy gs sn`hcty hs gmm gjnut `nosuipthno. Ht

csscothgmmy nutmhocs bhs sn`hgm tbcnry na wbgt

igkcs I` Dnogmds god tbc wbnmc icgohoe

na tbc wnrmd g``nrdhoe tn ht, ho`mudhoe I`

annd, I` lnjs ct`. [76Y Auodgicotgmmy ht hs

go cxtcoshno na g typc na rgthnogmhty gmmcd

hostruicotgm rgthnogmhty, wbh`b Igx Ucjcr

wgs tbc ahrst tn tgmk gjnut. Tbhs hostruicotgm

rgthnogm wgy na scchoe tbc wnrmd hs wbgt ”agst

annd’ icgos gt g tbcnrcth`gm / syijnmh` mcvcm[77Y

{70}




Hotcrrcmgthno na anndgod sn`hcty@nipmcx hotcrrcmgthno jctwcco annd

god sn`hcty dcscrvcs spc`hgm gttcothno.

Ht jc`nics cihocotmy pmgushjmc ha noc

`noshdcrs lust bnw auodgicotgm g pgrt na

buigo cxpcrhco`c ‒cgthoe‘ rcgmmy hs, ehvco

tbc hocxnrgjmc dcigods na tbc jndy anr

outrhcots god tbc iumthag`ctcd syijnmh``bgrecs tbgt annd go grry.

Jchoe go hotrhosh` cxprcsshno na nur

`umturgm hdcothty, annd bgs natco jcco

cipmnycd gs g icgsurc na nur stgodhoe ho

sn`hcty, dcahohoe god dctcrihohoe sn`hgm

onris god tbcrcjy uscd gs g icgos anr

dhs`rhihogthno god npprcsshno. Annd bgs

bgd tbc pnwcr tn igohpumgtc umturgm

god bhstnrh`gm igtcrhgmhsi. Anr hostgo`c

gs cx`mghicd jy tbc Wucco na Argo`c

(7554), Igrhc Gotnhocttc ”Mct tbci cgt

tbc gkc’ trgdhthnogm trgosmgthno na tbc

Arco`b pbrgsc ”Wu‘hms igoecot dc mg

jrhn`bc’,[7:Y wgs sgrdnoh`gmmy spnkco jy

bcr upno mcgrohoe tbgt tbc pcgsgots bgd

on jrcgd. Ht bgs jrnuebt gjnut gs iu`b

cx`mushno gs ht bgs gsshstcd us ho jrcgkhoe

dnwo umturgm jgrrhcrs wbhmc onurhsbhoegod naacrhoe us `nianrt. Jut anr snic, tbc

onthno na annd `nolurcs pghoaum icinrhcs

na buoecr, dcprhvgthno god strueemc.

Annd hs ont nomy g pnmhth`gm god c`nonih`

vgmuc rcgtnr jut gmsn g syijnmh`

cxpmgogthno na buigo jcbgvhnurs. Vcnpmc

`nostru`t vgmuc systcis jy g vgrhcty na

`umturgm god trgdhthnogm prg`th`cs hovnmvhoe

annd. Mcgrohoe tbc nooc`thnos jctwcco

annd god sn`hcty go igkc g sheohah`got

`notrhjuthno, tn nur uodcrstgodhoe na tbc

`notcxt whtbho wbh`b tbc prndu`thno god

`nosuipthno na niicr`hgm annd tgkcs

pmg`c. Vnmhth`gm, c`nonih`, tc`bonmneh`gm

god sn`hgm dcvcmnpicots envcro tbc

`bgoecs anr notcipnrgry umturgm mhac,

tbc sgic hoamuco`crs bnmd truc anr annd

gs wcmm. Annd gmsn dhrc`ts tbc sn`hgm`nostru`t na umturgm icinry, trgdhthno

god jcmhca systcis.

Tbc ogturc na prndu`thno, wnrk, umturgm

`nosuipthno, `bgoehoe `mgss hdcoththcs,

`niiuoh`gthnos god emnjgmhsgthno; gmm

hoamuco`c tbc gssn`hgthno na annd god

sn`hcty. Ht gmsn tcmms us gjnut tbc jnod

ginoest us gs buigos, gs nnpcrgthvc

caanrts grc dcvntcd tn prn`csscs grnuod

annd wbh`b hs gjsnmutcmy csscothgm anr

survhvgm na goy sn`hcty.

[7:Y Khpmc A. Kcooctb, Nrocmgs @nocâ Krhcibhmd, 7832. Tc @gijrhdec UnrmdBhstnry n Annd. @gijrhdec Sohvcrshty Vrcss




{74} Hotcrdcpcodco`y na annd god sn`hcty




Cvcry nregohsi occds tn njtgho cocrey ho

nrdcr tn mhvc. G annd `bgho hs tbc scquco`c na

wbn cgts wbni ho go c`nsystci tn njtgho

outrhthno.

G annd `bgho stgrts whtb tbc prhigry cocrey

snur`c tn go nregohsi tbgt igkc hts nwo annd

arni tbc prhigry cocrey snur`c. Anr cxgipmc

pbntnsyotbcth` pmgots igkc tbchr nwo annd

arni suomhebt god bcinsyotbcth` jg`tcrhg

igkc tbchr annd cocrey arni `bcih`gms hobydrntbcrigm vcots.[70Y Tbcsc grc gmmcd

gutntrnpbs nr prhigry prndu`crs. Ocxt grc

bcrjhvnrcs nr prhigry nosuicrs; cxgipmc hs

g rgjjht tbgt cgts ergss. Tbco gohigms tbgt cgt

bcrjhvnrcs grc gmmcd sc`nodgry nosuicrs<

cxgipmc hs g sogkc tbgt cgts rgjjhts. Ho turo,

tbcsc gohigms grc cgtco jy mgrecr prcdgtnrs;

cxgipmc hs go nwm tbgt cgts sogkcs. Tbc

tcrthgry nosuicrs grc cgtco jy qugtcrogry

`nosuicrs; cxgipmc hs g bgwk tbgt cgts nwms.

Cg`b annd bgho cods whtb g tnp prcdgtnrgod gohigm whtb on ogturgm cocihcs mhkc go

gmmhegtnr, bgwk, nr pnmgr jcgr.

Tbc hty‘s annd wcj tbgt wc cxhst ho rhebt onw

hs ont g mhocgr `noscquco`c na wbn cgts wbni,

jut ht hs g scrhcs na `notrnms god hoamuco`cs tbgt

grc put anrtb jy pcnpmc wbn rumc nr `notrnm tbc

annd pyrgihd. Vrndu`crs grc prhigrhmy agricrs

god nosuicrs grc tbc niino pcnpmc.

@nosuicrs, prndu`crs grc tbc nocs jchoe

hoamuco`cd jy mn`gm stgkcbnmdcrs ho tbc wcj mhkc

`nrpnrgthnos, envcroicots, s`hco`c ct` wbn

g`t mhkc prcdgtnrs. Ht hs g ahebt anr pnwcr nvcr

tbc prndu`crs god nosuicrs na tbc wnrmd tn

egho inoctgry prnahts, rumc envcroicots god

iu`b inrc.

Ho tbc s`cogrhn `bnsco anr tbc prnlc`t, tbc

Srjgo Annd @bgho niprhscs dhaacrcot ag`tnrs

tbgt hoamuco`c tbc annd tbgt hs prndu`cd

god nosuicd ho ictrnpnmhtgo s`cogrhns.

Tbc annd nrpnrgthnos na tbc wnrmd `notrnm

wbgt wc nosuic god bnw wc nosuic ht

gt cvcry pnhot; jcehoohoe arni agris tn tbc

supcrigrkct sbcmvcs tbgt prnlc`t go higec na gjrgod tbgt wc wnumd wgot tn prn`urc god bgvc.

Nur dghmy annd hs `guebt up ho tbc `y`mc na

dcigod god suppmy wbh`b hs gmsn hoamuco`cd

jy wnrmd pnmhth`s. P`hco`c god tc`bonmney hs

cxpmnhtcd ho tbc ogic na dnhoe ennd anr tbc

ho`rcgshoe ouijcr na pcnpmc. Anrectthoe tbc

ag`t tbgt tbc `nosuipthno hs rhshoe ho nomy

`crtgho urjgo sc`tnrs na tbc sn`hcty god tbcrc

grc sthmm pcnpmc dyhoe na buoecr ho tbc wcgkcr

c`nonih` pgrts na tbc wnrmd. Tbc prh`c na

sccds god pcsth`hdcs kccps tbc mhvcs na agricrs

ho dhmciig, putthoe tbci ho `bghos arni wbh`b

tbcy goont ahod g wgy nut. Uc gs nosuicrs,

`nosuic wbgtcvcr hs prnlc`tcd tn us tbrnueb

igrkcthoe ehiih`ks mcgvhoe us prnoc tn

`bcih`gms, pcsth`hdcs god dhscgscs.

:.0 Hovcsthegthoe tbc annd `bgho

[70Y Annd `bgho, [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc rni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Annd^`bgho




{73} Tbc Puegr Bheb< Sodcrstgodhoe tbc annd `bgho whtb rcegrd tn Puegr @goc gs g gsb rnp.

{71} Gutnjhnergpby na g tnigtn< Dcph`thoe tbc annd bgho, whtb rcacrco`c tn tbc dghmy `nosuicr annd rnp, tnigtn.

{73} {71}




”Tbcrc grc pcnpmc

ho tbc wnrmd sn buoery,

tbgt End `goont gppcgr tn tbci

cx`cpt ho tbc anri na jrcgd.’

Igbgtig Egodbh




{75} Tbc dhgergi wgs igdc gatcr nosc`uthvc htcrgthnos na dhaacrcot annd bghos tbgt wcrc studhcd. Sodcrstgodhoe na tbc vgrhnus ag`tnrs tbgt

hoamuco`c tbc annd bgho / s`cogrhn mcd tn dcahohoe mhokgecs, tn ag`hmhtgtc rcgmhzgthno na gssn`hgthnos whtbho tbc hssucs.




:.4 Cxgihohoe annd ùmturc

Tbc bgrg`tcrhsth`s na annd grc natco

jgscd no g rh`b wnrmd na dhaacrcot ùmturcs,

`crcinohcs god sn`hgm hotcrg`thnos. Anr

cxgipmc sbgrhoe annd bgs jcco g wgy anr

pcnpmc na gmm umturcs tn sustgho god rcgtc

g ihodaum nr cinthnogm uohno whtb ntbcrs.

Igoy hotcrg`thnos whtb annd rcgtc g

ùmturc na higehohoe, prndu`hoe, prcpgrhoe,

god `nosuihoe annd ‐ g ‒annd ùmturc‘ na tbc

`niiuohty gt g `nmmc`thvc mcvcm. @novcrscmy,annd umturc hoamuco`cs jcbgvhnurs na jntb

tbc `niiuohty god tbc hodhvhdugm.

G``nrdhoemy, bgoehoe go hodhvhdugm‘s

dhspnshthnos tn annd ho dgy-tn-dgy

mhac tnwgrds inrc sustghogjmc vgmucs

prcscots nppnrtuohthcs anr jrhoehoe gjnut

hiprnvcicots ho tbc sustghogjhmhty na

annd umturcs gt g jrngdcr mcvcm. Tbc

ùrrcot urjgo covhrnoicots prcscot

pgrthùmgrmy bgmmcoehoe hssucs gs cvcrydgy

annd hotcrg`thno anr igoy pcnpmc shipmy

hovnmvcs nosuihoe rcgdyigdc icgms god

prn`csscd annd. Tbc prnjmci nothoucs tn

hotcoshay whtb tbc uoprc`cdcotcd s`gmc na

urjgo ernwtb ho rc`cot ycgrs.

{72}

{72} Ughtrnsc Pupcrigrkct, Mnodno, Sohtcd KHoedni.




(g) Annd trcods

Agst annd

Ht hs tbc tcri ehvco tn annd tbgt `go jc

prcpgrcd god scrvcd vcry quh`kmy. G icgm whtb

mnw prcpgrgthno thic go gmsn jc noshdcrcd tn

jc agst annd, typh`gmmy tbc tcri rcacrs tn annd

snmd ho g rcstgurgot nr stnrc whtb prcbcgtcd

nr prc`nnkcd hoercdhcots, god scrvcd tn tbcùstnicr ho g pg`kgecd anri anr tgkc-nut/

tgkc-gwgy. Arni hts ho`cpthno, agst annd bgs

jcco dcsheocd tn jc cgtco ”no tbc en’, natco

dncs ont rcquhrc trgdhthnogm utmcry, god hs

cgtco gs g ahoecr annd.

Nutmcts igy jc stgods nr khnsks, wbh`b igy

prnvhdc on sbcmtcr nr scgthoe, Argo`bhsc

npcrgthnos wbh`b grc pgrt na rcstgurgot bghos

bgvc stgodgrdhzcd anndstuaa sbhppcd tn cg`b

rcstgurgot arni cotrgm mn`gthnos.

Bhstnrh`gmmy ho tbc hthcs na Znigo gothquhty,

iu`b na tbc urjgo pnpumgthno mhvhoe ho

iumth-stnry gpgrticot jmn`ks dcpcodcd

no annd vcodnrs anr tbchr icgms. Igoy na

tbcsc cstgjmhsbicots gtcrcd tn tbnsc wbn

dhd ont bgvc icgos tn `nnk tbchr nwo annd,

pgrthùmgrmy shoemc bnuscbnmds. Somhkc rh`bcr

tnwo dwcmmcrs, igoy natco numd ont gaanrd

bnushoe whtb kht`bco ag`hmhthcs god tbus

rcmhcd no agst annd. Trgvcmmcrs gs wcmm, su`b gs

phmerhis co rnutc tn g bnmy shtc, wcrc ginoe

tbc ùstnicrs. Ho tbc Ihddmc Gecs, mgrec

tnwos su`b gs Mnodno god Vgrhs suppnrtcd

ouicrnus vcodnrs tbgt snmd dhsbcs su`b gs

phcs, pgsthcs, wgaamcs, wgacrs, ct`. [74Y

@nosuicrhsi

@nosuicrhsi hs g sn`hgm god c`nonih` nrdcr

tbgt co`nurgecs tbc pur`bgsc na ennds god

scrvh`cs ho cvcr-ercgtcr ginuots. Tbc ocwmy

cicrecot ihddmc mgss grhshoe pnst tbc wnrmd

wgr crg, `nics tn aumm aruhthno jy tbc cod na

tbc twcothctb cotury tbrnueb tbc prn`css na

emnjgmhzgthno. Ho tbhs scosc, `nosuicrhsi hs

usugmmy noshdcrcd g pgrt na icdhg umturc.

Tbc tcri ”`nosuicrhsi’ bgs gmsn jcco uscd

tn rcacr tn snictbhoe quhtc dhaacrcot gmmcd tbc

`nosuicrhsts invcicot, nosuicr prntc`thno

nr `nosuicr g`thvhsi, wbh`b sccks tn prntc`t

god hoanri nosuicrs jy rcquhrhoe su`b

prg`th`cs gs bnocst pg`kgehoe god gdvcrthshoe,

prndu`t eugrgotccs, god hiprnvcd sgacty

stgodgrds. Ho tbhs scosc ht hs g invcicot

nr g sct na pnmh`hcs ghicd gt rceumgthoe tbcprndu`ts, scrvh`cs, ictbnds, god stgodgrds na

igouag`turcrs, scmmcrs, god gdvcrthscrs ho tbc

hotcrcsts na tbc juycr. [73Y

{78}

[74Y Agst annd, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Agstânnd

[73Y @nosuicrhsi, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/@nosuicrhsi




Ho c`nonih`s, nosuicrhsi rcacrs tn c`nonih`

pnmh`hcs pmg`hoe cipbgshs no `nosuipthno. Ho

go gjstrg`t scosc, ht hs tbc noshdcrgthno tbgt

tbc arcc bnh`c na nosuicrs sbnumd strnoemy

nrhcot tbc bnh`c wbgt hs prndu`cd god bnw,

tbcrcanrc tbc c`nonih` nregohzgthno na g

sn`hcty.

EmnjgmhzgthnoHt rcacrs tn prn`csscs tbgt ho`rcgsc wnrmd-

whdc cx`bgoecs na ogthnogm god umturgm

rcsnur`cs. Gdvgo`cs ho trgospnrtgthno god

tcmc`niiuoh`gthnos hoargstru`turc, ho`mudhoe

tbc rhsc na tbc tcmcergpb god hts pnstcrhty tbc

Hotcroct, grc iglnr ag`tnrs ho emnjgmhzgthno,

ecocrgthoe aurtbcr hotcrdcpcodco`c na

c`nonih` god umturgm g`thvhthcs.

Tbnueb nrhehos na emnjgmhzgthno grc sghd tn jc

pmg`cd ho indcro thics, jut noc `go trg`c htsbhstnry tn tbc Curnpcgo gec na dhs`nvcry god

vnygecs tn tbc Ocw Unrmd nr cvco jcanrc; anr

cxgipmc gt tbc thic na `noqucsts jy Gmcxgodcr

tbc ercgt. Ho tbc mgtc 78tb `cotury god cgrmy

:6tb cotury tbc nooc`tcdocss na tbc wnrmd‘s

c`nonihcs god umturcs ercw vcry quh`kmy. Onw

cvcrydgy stgpmc annd `nosthtucots bgvc gmrcgdy

trgvcmmcd g`rnss nothocots, jcanrc tbcy jc`gic

ogthvc duc tn umthvgthno; anr cxgipmc tnigtncs

god pntgtncs.

Nur annd onw trgvcms go gvcrgec na 7,366

ihmcs jcanrc codhoe up no nur pmgtcs. [71Y Tbhs

emnjgmhzgthno na tbc annd suppmy bgs scrhnus

`noscquco`cs anr tbc covhrnoicot, nur

bcgmtb, nur `niiuohthcs god nur tgstcjuds.

Iu`b na tbc annd ernwo ho tbc jrcgdjgskct

surrnuodhoe us iust jc sbhppcd g`rnss tbc`nuotry tn dhstrhjuthno cotrcs jcanrc ht igkcs

hts wgy jg`k tn nur supcrigrkct sbcmvcs.

Jc`gusc uo`nuotcd `nsts na tbhs mnoe dhstgo`c

lnurocy (ghr pnmmuthno god emnjgm wgrihoe, tbc

c`nmneh`gm nsts na mgrec s`gmc inonùmturc,

tbc mnss na agihmy agris) grc ont pghd anr gt

tbc bc`knut nuotcr, igoy na us dn ont tbhok

gjnut tbci gt gmm.

I`Dnogmdhzgthno

Ht hs g tcri uscd jy sn`hnmnehst Ecnrec Zhtzcr

ho bhs jnnk Tbc I`Dnogmdhzgthno na Pn`hcty

(7880). Bc cxpmghos ht n`ùrs wbco g ùmturc

pnsscsscs tbc bgrg`tcrhsth`s na g agst-

annd rcstgurgot. I`Dnogmdhzgthno hs g rc-

`no`cptugmhzgthno na rgthnogmhzgthno, nr invhoe

arni trgdhthnogm tn rgthnogm indcs na tbnuebt,

god s`hcothah` igogecicot. [75Y I`Dnogmdhzgthno

ho umturgm vcrshno hs g `nipgrgthvcmy rc cothdcg na tbc wnrmd whdc bninecohzgthno na

ùmturcs. Tbc prn`css na I`Dnogmdhzgthno

`go jc suiigrhzcd gs tbc wgy ho wbh`b tbc

prho`hpmcs na tbc agst-annd rcstgurgot grc

`nihoe tn dnihogtc inrc god inrc sc`tnrs na

sn`hcty. Caah`hco`y, @gmùmgjhmhty, Vrcdh`tgjhmhty

(stgodgrdhzgthno) god @notrnm grc tbc anur

prhigry nipnocots na I`Dnogmdhzgthno,

wbh`b go jc onw anuod cvcrywbcrc ho urjgo

grcgs. Hrrgthnogmhty na Zgthnogmhty hs gmsn g ag`tnr

ht icgos tbgt jgsh` buigohty, tbc buigorcgsno, na tbc pcnpmc wbn wnrk whtbho nr

grc scrvcd jy tbci, hs dcohcd. Zhtzcr aurtbcr

stgtcs tbgt jcynod dcbuigohzgthno aurtbcr

hrrgthnogmhthcs cicrec.[72Y

{:6}

[71Y P`bmnsscr Crh`, :667. Agst Annd Ogthno< Tc Dgrk Phdc n tbc Gmm-Gicrh`go Icgm, Sohtcd Ptgtcs n Gicrh`g< Bnuebtno Ihfflho @nipgoy.[75Y, [72Y Zhtzcr Ecnrec, :665. Tc I`Dnogmdhzgthno n Pn`hcty, PGEC

Vujmh`gthnos




Pmnw annd rcvnmuthno

Pmnw Annd hs go hotcrogthnogm invcicot

anuodcd jy @grmn Vctrhoh ho 7821. Vrnintcd

gs go gmtcrogthvc tn agst annd, ht strhvcs tn

prcscrvc trgdhthnogm god rcehnogm uhshoc god

co`nurgecs agrihoe na pmgots, sccds god

mhvcstn`k bgrg`tcrhsth` na tbc mn`gm c`nsystci.Ht wgs tbc ahrst cstgjmhsbcd pgrt na tbc jrngdcr

Pmnw Invcicot. Tbc invcicot bgs sho`c

cxpgodcd emnjgmmy tn nvcr 766,666 icijcrs

ho 736 `nuotrhcs.[78Y Hts engms na sustghogjmc

annds god prninthno na mn`gm sigmm jushocsscs

grc pgrgmmcmcd jy g pnmhth`gm gecodg dhrc`tcd

geghost emnjgmhzgthno na gerhùmturgm prndu`ts.

Gt hts bcgrt hs tbc ghi tn prnintc mn`gm annds

god coturhcs-nmd trgdhthnos na egstrnoniy

god annd prndu`thno. @novcrscmy tbhs icgos

go nppnshthno tn agst annd, hodustrhgm annd

prndu`thno god emnjgmhzgthno.

Mn`gvnrcs

G mn`gvnrc hs g pcrsno hotcrcstcd ho cgthoe

annd tbgt hs mn`gmmy prndu`cd, ont invcd mnoe

dhstgo`cs tn igrkct. Tbc mn`gvnrc invcicot

bgs spgwocd gs hotcrcst ho sustghogjhmhty god

c`n-`nos`hnusocss jc`gic inrc prcvgmcot.

Tbc annd igy jc ernwo ho bnic egrdcos nrernwo jy mn`gm niicr`hgm ernups hotcrcstcd ho

kccphoe tbc covhrnoicot mcgo god scmmhoe annd

`mnsc tn wbcrc ht hs ernwo. Ht hs natco gssn`hgtcd

whtb ”mn`gm’ annd ernwo whtbho 766 ihmcs na hts

pnhot na pur`bgsc nr `nosuipthno.[:6Y

Agricrs‘ igrkcts pmgy g rnmc ho caanrts tn

cgt wbgt hs mn`gm. Tbnsc ho tbc invcicot

ecocrgmmy scck tn kccp usc na ansshm aucms tn g

ihohiui, rcmcgshoe mcss `grjno dhnxhdc hotn

tbc ghr god prcvcothoe emnjgm wgrihoe. Kccphoetbc grjno anntprhot na tbc prndu`c tbcy

`nosuic tn g ihohiui. G rcmgtcd invcicot

hs tbc ”uodcrernuod suppcr muj’[:7Y, ho wbh`b

nregohzcrs usc sustghogjmc hoercdhcots god usc

g Ucjshtc tn hoanri g wghthoe mhst na tbnsc wbn

dnogtc g ehvco sui tn pgy anr tbc annd uscd.

@grjno anntprhot

G `grjno anntprhot hs tbc tntgm scts na

erccobnusc egs (EBE) cihsshnos guscd jy

go nregohzgthno, cvcot, prndu`t nr pcrsno.

Erccobnusc egscs go jc cihttcd tbrnueb

trgospnrt, mgod mcgrgo`c, god tbc prndu`thno

god `nosuipthno na annd, aucms, igouag`turcdennds, igtcrhgms, wnnd, rngds, juhmdhoes,

god scrvh`cs. Tn gsscss tbc grjno anntprhot

na crtgho pg`kgecd nosuicr prndu`ts,

cvgmugthoe tbc pg`kgec na snic prndu`ts hs g

wgy tn aheurc nut tbc `grjno anntprhot. Mnnk

gt tbc igtcrhgms uscd tn igkc tbc htci. Anr

cxgipmc, g luh`c `grtno hs igdc na go gscpth`

`grtno, g jccr `go hs igdc na gmuihoui, god

wgtcr jnttmcs igdc na pmgsth`. Gmsn tbc mgrecr

shzc icgos jheecr anntprhot.

Nregoh` nosuigjmcs mhkc vcectgjmcs, aruhtsct`., wbh`b grc ont ogthvc na tbc nuotry, grc

hipnrtcd arni dhaacrcot pgrts na tbc wnrmd

tn nur supcrigrkct sbcmvcs. Tbcy uodcren

g prn`css na prcscrvgthno, arcczhoe god

trgospnrtgthno tn rcg`b tbc nosuicrs; tbhs

drgsth`gmmy ho`rcgscs tbc grjno anntprhot na

su`b htcis.

(j) Pustghogjmc annd ùmturc

{:7}

[78Y Pmnw annd, [G``csscd Luoc

:670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/PmnwÂnnd

[:6Y, [:7Y Mn`gvnrcs, [G``csscd

N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Mn`gvnrcs

[::Y Vnmmgo Ih`bgcm, :662. Ho

Dcaco`c na Annd< Go Cgtcr‘s

Igohacstn, Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g<

Vcoeuho Ernup SP.




Bydrnpnoh`s

Tbc tcri bydrnpnoh`s nrhehogtcs arni tbc

go`hcot Ercck ”bydrns,’[:0Y icgohoe wgtcr,

god ”pnons,’ icgohoe wnrk. Bydrnpnoh`s

hs g sujsct na bydrnùmturc god hs g ictbnd

na ernwhoe pmgots ushoe ihocrgm outrhcot

snmuthnos, ho wgtcr, whtbnut snhm. Tcrrcstrhgmpmgots `go jc ernwo whtb tbchr rnnts ho tbc

ihocrgm outrhcot snmuthno nomy nr ho go hocrt

icdhui, su`b gs pcrmhtc, ergvcm, `n`nout busk

ct`.

Ubco tbc ihocrgm outrhcots ho tbc snhm

dhssnmvc ho wgtcr, pmgot rnnts grc gjmc tn

gjsnrj tbci. Ubco tbc rcquhrcd ihocrgm

outrhcots grc hotrndu`cd hotn g pmgot‘s wgtcr

suppmy grthah`hgmmy, snhm hs on mnoecr rcquhrcd

anr tbc pmgot tn tbrhvc. Gs tbc pnpumgthno na

nur pmgoct sngrs god grgjmc mgod gvghmgjmc anr

`rnp prndu`thno dc`mhocs, bydrnpnoh`s whmm

gmmnw us tn prndu`c rnps ho erccobnuscs

nr ho iumthmcvcm juhmdhoes dcdh`gtcd tn

gerhùmturc. Gmrcgdy, wbcrc tbc nst na mgod

hs gt g prcihui, `rnps grc jchoe prndu`cd

uodcrernuod, no rnnatnps god ho erccobnuscs

ushoe bydrnpnoh` ictbnds.

Gqugpnoh`s

Gqugpnoh`s, hs g sustghogjmc annd prndu`thno

systci tbgt nijhocs novcothnogm

gqugùmturc, (rghshoe gqugth` gohigms ho

tgoks), whtb bydrnpnoh`s (ùmthvgthoe pmgots ho

wgtcr) ho g syijhnth` covhrnoicot.

Gztc` umthvgtcd gerhùmturgm hsmgods konwo gs

`bhogipgs ho g systci noshdcrcd jy snic tn

jc tbc ahrst anri na gqugpnoh`s anr gerhùmturgmusc. Pnutb @bhog god Tbghmgod ùmthvgtcd god

agricd rh`c ho pgddy ahcmds ho `nijhogthno

whtb ahsb grc htcd gs cxgipmcs na cgrmy

gqugpnoh`s systcis. [:4Y

(`) Ernwhoe ynur nwo annd

{::} {:0}

[:0Y Bydrnpnoh`s, [G``csscd Pcptcipcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Bydrnpnoh`s

[:4Y Gqugpnoh`s, [G``csscd Pcptcipcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//gqugpnoh`s.`ni/

[:3Y Vcrigùmturc, [G``csscd Gueust :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.pcrigùmturcg`thvhst.oct/




Gqugpnoh`s `noshsts na twn igho pgrts,

whtb tbc gqugùmturc pgrt anr rghshoe gqugth`

gohigms god tbc bydrnpnoh`s pgrt anr ernwhoe

pmgots. Gqugth` caamucots, rcsumthoe arni

uocgtco accd nr rghshoe gohigms mhkc ahsb,

g`ùiumgtc ho wgtcr duc tn tbc mnscd-systci

rc`hrùmgthno na inst gqugùmturc systcis.

Tbc caamucot-rh`b wgtcr jc`nics tnxh` tn tbcgqugth` gohigm ho bheb `no`cotrgthnos jut

tbcsc caamucots grc outrhcots csscothgm anr

pmgot ernwtb. Gmtbnueb `noshsthoe prhigrhmy

na tbcsc twn pgrts, gqugpnoh`s systcis grc

usugmmy ernupcd hotn scvcrgm nipnocots

nr sujsystcis rcspnoshjmc anr tbc caac`thvc

rcinvgm na snmhd wgstcs, anr gddhoe jgscs tn

ocutrgmhzc g`hds, nr anr ighotghohoe wgtcr

nxyecogthno.

Vmgots grc ernwo gs ho bydrnpnoh`s systcis,

whtb tbchr rnnts hiicrscd ho tbc outrhcot-

rh`b caamucot wgtcr. Tbhs cogjmcs tbci tn

ahmtcr nut tbc giinohg tbgt hs tnxh` tn tbc

gqugth` gohigms, nr hts ictgjnmhtcs. Gatcr tbcwgtcr bgs pgsscd tbrnueb tbc bydrnpnoh`

sujsystci, ht hs mcgocd god nxyecogtcd, god

`go rcturo tn tbc gqugùmturc vcsscms. Tbhs

`y`mc hs nothounus. Arcsbwgtcr ahsb grc tbc

inst `niino gqugth` gohigm rghscd ushoe

gqugpnoh`s, gmtbnueb arcsbwgtcr rgyahsb god

prgwos igy jc uscd.

Vcrigùmturc

Nrhehogmmy dcrhvcd arni tbc wnrds

‒VCZIGocot gerh@SMTSZC‘, pcrigùmturc bgs

enoc jcynod ho mnnkhoe gt strgtcehcs tn `rcgtc

sustghogjmc annd ernwhoe ictbnds tn jc`nic

g wnrmdwhdc invcicot co`nipgsshoe gmm

gspc`ts na bnw wc gs buigo jchoes go mhvc

bgrinohnusmy ho rcmgthno tn nur Cgrtb god

ht‘s ahohtc rcsnur`cs. Ht jcmhcvcs ho rcgthoe

sustghogjmc buigo bgjhtgts jy anmmnwhoe

ogturc‘s pgttcros. Cxgipmc ernwhoe pmgots,

vcectgjmcs, aruhts god amnwcrs tnectbcr,

whtb tbc bcmp na hosc`ts `rcgthoe g ogturgm

c`nsystci.

{:3}

{:4}




Vcrig`umturc hs g jrngd jgscd god bnmhsth`

gpprng`b tbgt bgs igoy gppmh`gthnos tn gmm

gspc`ts na mhac. Gt tbc bcgrt na gmm sustghogjmc

dcsheo god prg`th`c bnwcvcr hs g auodcicotgm

sct na ‒`nrc vgmucs‘ nr ctbh`s (Cgrtb`grc,

Vcnpmc`grc god Aghrsbgrcs) god prho`hpmcs

wbh`b rcigho nostgot wbgtcvcr nur

shtugthno. Vrnvhdhoe tbc tnnms tn `rcgtc ercgtcr

sustghogjhmhty whtbho nur mhacstymcs, bnic

covhrnoicots, god egrdcos, pcrig`umturc hs

gjnut ahodhoe wgys na icodhoe niiuohtygod rcjuhmdhoe nur argeicotcd sn`hcty.

Vutthoe igsshvc caanrt hotn gttcipthoe tn

‒tgic ogturc‘, su`b gs jy dgiihoe vgmmcys god

amnnd pmghos nr `rcgthoe god ighotghohoe jgrc

snhm jy pmnueb, hs ont nomy cocrey `nosuihoe,

uosustghogjmc god dcstru`thvc, ht hs gmsn

uooc`cssgry wbco wc go icct tbc occds

na pcnpmc god tbc covhrnoicot jy wnrkhoe ho

bgrinoy whtb, nr cvco dhrc`tmy uthmhsc, ogturgm

systcis. Anr cxgipmc hostcgd na ushoe igsshvc`bcih`gm hoputs tn `notrnm pcsts, wby ont

co`nurgec prcdgtnrs su`b gs mgdyjhrds god

bnvcramhcs tn dn nur wnrk anr us.

Cdhjmc egrdco

Go cdhjmc egrdco hs g egrdco tbgt notghos

amnwcrs, bcrjs, sccds, jcrrhcs god pmgots tbgt

ynu go cgt. Ht dncs ont bgvc tn jc mgrec. Xnur

egrdco `go stgrt sigmm whtb g acw pnts god

`notghocrs, nr cvco lust g whodnw jnx whtb g

acw bcrjs.

Tbcrc‘s ontbhoe inrc cipnwcrhoe tbgo bgvhoe

`notrnm nvcr ynur annd. God tbcrc‘s on jcttcrwgy tn cosurc hts prnihoco`c tbgo bgvhoe

ernwo ht ynurscma. Ernwhoe go cdhjmc egrdco hs

ont nomy g ercgt wgy tn nooc`t whtb ynur annd;

ht‘s gmsn g auo wgy tn rcdu`c ynur inotbmy

prndu`c jhmm. Tbcrc‘s snictbhoe gjnut g pmgot

ynu ercw ynurscma tbgt lust tgstcs jcttcr no g

pmgtc. Ht rcdu`cs tbc grjno anntprhot na ynur

annd god co`nurgecs sustghogjmc annd umturc.

{:1}




”Ubco ynu put mnvc,

hotn ernwhoe snictbhoe, ynu `go tgstc ht.’

Gmys Anwmcr




0Dcsheoprn`css0.7 Kcy tnu`b pnhots

0.: Zc-argihoe tbc`notcxt

0.0 Hoamuco`hoeag`tnrs




0.7 Kcy tnu`b pnhots

Tndgy wc prndu`c inrc annd tbgo cvcr jcanrc,

inrc tbgo noc ho tco pcnpmc no cgrtb grc

buoery. Tbc buoecr na 266 ihmmhno bgppcos

gt tbc sgic thic gs gontbcr bhstnrh`gm ahrst<

tbgt tbcy grc nutouijcrcd jy tbc noc jhmmhno

pcnpmc no tbhs pmgoct wbn grc nvcrwchebt.[:1Y

Tbc kcy pnhots bcrc grc tbc igho grcgs na

gpprcbcoshno tbgt go bcmp us uodcrstgod tbc

`urrcot ihmhcu. Ho tbc prnlc`t tbcy whmm prnvhdc

g pgtb tnwgrds bnw tn gpprng`b tbc prnjmcis

(7) Znmc na jchoe g `nosuicr

Jchoe g pgrt na tbc urjgo annd wcj, ht hs

hipcrgthvc tn niprcbcod tbc rcspnoshjhmhty

na jchoe g nosuicr. @nosuicrs drhvc tbc

annd systci nr sn ht sccis, gs tbcy grc tbc

nocs juyhoe naa supcrigrkct sbcmvcs. Jut tbc

`bnh`cs grco‘t cothrcmy tbchr nwo jc`gusc cvco

ho g supcrigrkct, tbc icou hs `rgatcd ont jytbchr `bnh`cs, onr jy tbc scgsnos, onr wbcrc

tbcy ahod tbciscmvcs, onr jy tbc aumm rgoec

na htcis gvghmgjmc, onr jy tbc aumm spc`trui

na gvghmgjmc outrhthno god tgstcs; jut jy tbc

pnwcr na annd nrpnrgthnos.

[:1Y Vgtcm Zgl, :662. Ptuaacd & Ptgrvcd< Tbc Bhddco Jgttmc anr tbc Unrmd Annd Pystci, Hodhg< Bgrpcr@nmmhos Vujmhsbcrs.

{:5}




Uby dncso‘t tbc

`nosuicr pgy

gttcothno,

tnwgrds annd>

• Thic

• Trust

• Gsphrgthno

• @umturgm Dhs`nooc`t

• Tgstc

• Inocy

(Gaanrdgjhmhty)

• Gvghmgjhmhty

(On ntbcr npthno)

• On jrghocr

(:) Agricr‘s pmhebt

Gontbcr igho vhcw pnhot hs tbgt na tbc agricr.

Agricr‘s pmhebts agmm no dcga cgrs gs buoecr god

suh`hdc sthmm surag`c. Ho tbc mgod na `nosuicrhst

& njcsc, tbc agricrs grc anr`cd tn ehvc ho tn

hodustrhgm agrihoe god inonùmturc. Cvcry dgy,

rcsnur`cs grc injhmhscd tn npc whtb dcigod.

Gs tbcsc rcsnur`cs grc ont aummy cxpmnhtcd nr

`nosuicd, iu`b hs wgstcd gt g `nst tn gmm na

us. Anr cxgipmc ha wc tbrcw gwgy mcss rh`c,tbc dcigod anr rh`c wnumd drnp, gmnoe whtb

prh`cs. Agricrs wnumd jc co`nurgecd tn ernw

snictbhoe cmsc. Jgok mngos `numd jc dhvcrtcd

tn snictbhoe ho bhebcr dcigod. Pn, tbc

agricrs grc lust prndu`crs wbn grc hoamuco`cd

jy dhaacrcot pmgycrs ho tbc annd bgho.

(0) Cinthnogm `nooc`thno tn annd

Zcvhvhoe cinthnogm nooc`t tnwgrds anndhs gmsn g stgodpnhot. Vcnpmc grc gmrcgdy

`nooc`tcd tn annd cinthnogmmy whtb onstgmehg

god icinry gs igho hoamuco`crs. Tbcsc go jc

uscd tn niiuoh`gtc tbc prnihocot guscs.

Anr hostgo`c tbc annd systci occds rcsnur`cs

god cxpmnhtgthno tn sustgho htscma. Tbcsc

vumocrgjhmhthcs na tbc ùrrcot annd ùmturc mhc

`mnsc tn nur surag`c na dghmy mhvcs. Tbcy `go

jc cxpnscd whtb g ecotmc lnmt tn tbc systci

rcvcgmhoe tbchr caac`ts no ogturc god c`nmney.

Gmm tbhs `go hosphrc pcnpmc tn tbhok `rhth`gmmy

gjnut annd scùrhty god umturc.

(4) @niiuohty & c`nmney drhvcoannd ùmturc

Tbcrc hs g occd tn juhmd g niiuohty,

c`nmney drhvco annd umturc wbcrc pcnpmc

`nic tnectbcr tn snmvc tbc urrcot shtugthno.

Tbc wnuods na tbc urrcot annd nrdcr go

jc anuebt jg`k tbrnueb sbgrcd god pujmh`

dcmhjcrgthno. Ht icgos nihoe tnectbcr mn`gmmy,

rcehnogmmy god hotcrogthnogmmy, tn jcttcr

uodcrstgod tbc bnh`cs wc igkc god tbc annd

wc cgt ho tbc pmg`cs wc igkc tbci. Ht hs thictn nregohzc, cdu`gtc, sgvnur, rc`mghi god juhmd

tbc ocw, tn pnhot tbc wgy tn g jcttcr sbgpcd

auturc. Anr cxgipmc ht go jc gpprc`hgtcd ho tbc

sphrht na Emn`gm god trgdhthnos na sbgrhoe annd

gs g niiuohty.




0.: Zc-argihoe tbc `notcxt

Tn uodcrstgod bnw dhct, bcgmtb, c`nonih`s

god pnmhth`s grc `nooc`tcd, ht hs wnrtb

mnnkhoe gt tbc annd systci ho ercgtcr dcptb.

Tn njscrvc Hodhg gs g `gsc study, tbc spccd

god rgtc na Hodhg‘s gdnpthno na indcro ocn-

mhjcrgm c`nonih` pnmh`hcs, god wcstcro dhcts,

bgs jcco tbc snur`c na ercgt wcgmtb anr g

acw, god ho`rcgshoe ihscry anr igoy inrc.Hodhg hs rgphdmy jc`nihoe go covhrnoicot

rhac whtb pnnr dhct, pnnr pcnpmc god

hipnvcrhsbcd auturcs.[:5Y

Tbc annd systci hs g jgttmcahcmd, tbnueb acw

rcgmhzc quhtc bnw iu`b gusgmhty tbcrc bgs

jcco. Ht rcquhrcs lust gs iu`b cocrey gs ht

ecocrgtcs. Uhtbnut tbc cocrey gvghmgjmc

tn igouag`turc god sbhp pcsth`hdcs god

acrthmhzcrs, tbc novcothnogm annd systci

wnumd erhod tn g bgmt. Dcpmcthoe ansshm

aucms, snhm acrthmhty god wgtcr grc tbc shokhoe

anuodgthno na tndgy‘s annd systci.

Ubhmc nosuicrs bgvc jcco nomy rc`cotmy

wrcstmhoe whtb tbc prnjmcis na bnw tn cgt

wcmm, agricrs bgvc mnoe jcco ahebthoe geghost

tbc vgohsbhoe na tbchr arccdnis, god tbchr

jgttmc nothoucs cvco tndgy. Gs mgods bgvc

agmmco jcanrc tbc jgoks, rcpnsscsscd god rc-

purpnscd jy pnmhth`gm notrnm, suh`hdcs rgtcs

anr agricrs g`rnss tbc wnrmd bgvc sngrcd.Xct agricrs god tbc dhspnscd grc ont enhoe

quhctmy. Tbcrc bgvc jcco, god nothouc tn jc,

rcjcms.

Gs tbc bnur emgss sbnws, tbc annd systci

dncso‘t lust put agricrs gt tbc jmuot cod

na gjuscs na pnwcr jy pnmh`hcs god s`hco`c

coanr`cd jy tbc envcroicot. @nosuicrs

grc gmsn sujlc`t tn tbc igrkct pnwcr na

`nrpnrgthnos. Na `nursc, gs `nosuicrs nur

pnshthno hs smhebtmy dhaacrcot. Uc go sbgpc

tbc igrkct, bnwcvcr smhebtmy, jy tgkhoe nur

wgmmcts cmscwbcrc.

Uc go stgrt gskhoe qucsthnos god cxcr`hsc

tbc rhebt tn konw gjnut nur annd. Uc go

dh`tgtc tbc nrpnrgthnos, wbgt wc wnumd mhkc

tn bgvc god nosuic. Pn gs jchoe tbc pcnpmc

wbn go bgoec tbc urrcot jurecnohoe

s`cogrhn, ht wnumd jc ahtthoe tn sgy anr

nurscmvcs; whtb ercgt pnwcr nics ercgt

rcspnoshjhmhty.

Caac`ts na tbc ùrrcot annd systci

• Dctcrhnrgthoe qugmhty na bcgmtb

• Unrmd/ Zcehnogm nosuicrhsi

• On cinthnogm nooc`t tn ogturc

• Agricr holusth`c

• @nrpnrgtc agrihoe

• Econih` scmc`thno/ Inonùmturc

(ùmthvgthno na spc`hah` vgrhcthcs)

Zcstru`turhoe tbc Vrnjmci

[:5Y Vgtcm Zgl, :662. Ptuaacd & Ptgrvcd< Tbc Bhddco Jgttmc anr tbc Unrmd Annd Pystci, Hodhg< Bgrpcr@nmmhos Vujmhsbcrs.




{:2} Cxpmghohoe tbc dhvcrsc hssucs pmgyhoe g rnmc ho dhstrupthoe g sustghogjmc annd systci.

Gmsn bnw tbc sgic sustghogjmc umturc tbnuebt go jc dcmhvcrcd tn tbc nosuicr.




”Pbhpphoe hs g tcrrhjmc

tbhoe tn dn tn vcectgjmcs.

Tbcy prnjgjmy ect lct mgeecd,

lust mhkc pcnpmc.’

Cmhzgjctb Jcrry




Khds

• 3ycgrs tn 7:ycgrs

• Hodhrc`t dcpcodcot `nosuicrs

• Inumdgjmc/ Cgsy tgrects

• Ptgrt uodcrstgodhoe sn`hgm

`nostru`ts

• Hoquhshthvc gjnut tbc wnrmd

• Ugot tn cxpmnrc

• Tgrectcd jy annd `nipgohcs

• Tgrects na gsphrgthnogm vgmucs na

pgrcots

Gdumts

• :3ycgrs tn 03ycgrs

• Srjgo

• Ocw inocy

• Vg`c na mhac

• Gvghmgjhmhty (on ntbcr npthno)

• Zc`cot pgrcots

• Dhrc`t `nosuicrs

• Gsphrgthnos

• Dhsgppcgrhoe `nooc`t tn anndsnur`cs

Bnw whmm tbc

Gudhco`c

pgy gttcothno>

• Pbn`k god Gwc

(Purprhsc & Acgr)

• Icinry / Cinthnogm

@nooc`t

• Hoquhshthvcocss

• Zcgmhshoe tbc

hotcrdcpcodco`c na

tc`bonmney god annd

Gudhco`c

b | d




0.0 Hoamuco`hoe ag`tnrs

Dcvcmnpcd wnrmd sho`c tbc Unrmd Ugr HH

igy tbhok tbgt tbc dgigec tn annd systci hs

acmt nomy ho tbc grcgs na tbc wnrmd tbgt suaacr

agihoc, igmoutrhthno god ntbcr dcah`hco`hcs;

jut ho tbc rh`b wnrmd tnn tbcrc hs g buec tnmm.

Ucstcro sn`hcthcs bgvc ho`rcgscd tbc gmnrh`

`notcot na tbc dhct god jnnstcd tbc sbccr

qugothty na tbchr annd, tbcy bgvc gt tbc sgic

thic hotrndu`cd ictbnds na prndu`thno,

dhstrhjuthno god nosuipthno tbgt tbrcgtco

tbc auturc na tbc annd systci tbgt dcmhvcrtbnsc gmnrhcs, rcdu`hoe tbc qugmhty god

outrhthnogm vgmuc na igoy annd htcis.[:2Y

Gt tbc sgic thic, emnjgm annd suppmy ag`cs

ocw bgmmcoecs< g nothouhoe surec ho

pnpumgthno ernwtb ho snic pgrts na tbc wnrmd

god go ho`rcgshoe gecd pnpumgthno ho ntbcrs;

hotrndu`thno na rgdh`gm ocw tc`bonmnehcs

su`b gs ecocth` indhah`gthno; g ocw emnjgm

s`gmc god s`npc na nrpnrgtc notrnm go

hoamuco`c; g jrcgkdnwo ho nosuicr trustho annd envcrogo`c god hosthtuthnos; god

pcrshstcot bcgmtb prnjmcis gssn`hgtcd whtb

dhct su`b gs njcshty, dhgjctcs, go`cr ct`.

wbh`b , gmnoeshdc buoecr god agihoc, gaac`t

buodrcds na ihmmhnos na pcnpmc. Tbc ùrrcot

annd systci sccis tn mur`b arni `rhshs tn

`rhshs. Tbc ag`tnrs wchebhoe no tbc annd `bgho

grc rcmgtcd tn annd tnxhos, gddhthvcs, mgjcmmhoe,

cothtmcicots god envcrogo`c. Tbcsc gspc`ts

sbnumd jc qucsthnocd god mnnkcd hotn `mnscmy

tn uodcrstgod bnw tbcy gaac`t nosuicrs god

prndu`crs mhkc whsc.

(7) @nosuicr ùmturc

Ht hs gjnut `nosuipthno `bnh`cs god

jcbgvhnurs arni g sn`hgm god ùmturgm pnhot na

vhcw; gddrcsshoe tbc dyogih` rcmgthnosbhps

jctwcco nosuicrs, tbc igrkctpmg`c, god

ùmturgm icgohoes ecocrgtcd ho tbc prn`css.

Zcamc`thvc na g pnst-indcrohst sn`hcty, ht

vhcws umturgm icgohoes gs jchoe ouicrnus

god argeicotcd god bco`c vhcws umturc gs

go gigmegigthno na dhaacrcot ernups god

sbgrcd icgohoes, rgtbcr tbgo g bninecocnus

`nostru`t; anr cxgipmc tbc Gicrh`go umturc.@nosuicr umturc hs vhcwcd gs ”sn`hgm

grrgoecicot ho wbh`b tbc rcmgthnos jctwcco

mhvcd umturc god sn`hgm rcsnur`cs, jctwcco

icgohoeaum wgys na mhac god tbc syijnmh` god

igtcrhgm rcsnur`cs no wbh`b tbcy dcpcod,

grc icdhgtcd tbrnueb igrkcts’ [:8Y god

`nosuicrs gs pgrt na go hotcr`nooc`tcd

systci na niicr`hgmmy prndu`cd prndu`ts

god higecs wbh`b tbcy usc tn `nostru`t tbchr

hdcothty god nrhcot tbchr rcmgthnosbhps whtb

ntbcrs. Anr cxgipmc agst annd hs g tgwdry

igohacstgthno na Gicrh`go pnpumgr umturc;

ht bgs jcco dcsheocd tn tgstc ennd, ht hs gmsn

hocxpcoshvc god novcohcot.

Bnw god wby g pcrsno `nosuics annd, hshoamuco`cd jy pnpumgr umturc. @nosuicrhst

ihodscts god prndu`ts grc bcgvhmy igrkctcd

tn `bhmdrco; ht hs g ùmturc tbgt accds god accds

naa `bhmdrco.

[:2Y Vnmmgo Ih`bgcm, :661. Tbc Niohvnrc‘s Dhmciig< Tbc scgr`b anr g pcrac`t icgm ho g agst annd wnrmd, Sohtcd Khoedni< Jmnnisjury Vujmhsbhoe.

[:8YP`bmnsscr Crh`, :667. Agst Annd Ogthno< Tbc Dgrk Phdc na tbc Gmm-Gicrh`go Icgm, Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g< Bnuebtno Ihaamho @nipgoy.

{:8}

Dh m V l | P a b S j A d @b h 37




(:) Vcsth`hdc `notcot ho dghmy aruhts

& vcectgjmcs

Uc rgrcmy tbhok gjnut annd, wbcrc ht gic

arni god wbgt ht hs dnhoe tn tbc `niiuohty.

Somhkc ntbcr niindhthcs, annd cotcrs tbc

jndy god jc`nics pgrt na tbc `nosuicr.

Ubhmc pcsth`hdcs bcmp prntc`t nur annd suppmy,

pcnpmc grc no`crocd gjnut pcsth`hdcs no tbc

annd tbcy cgt. Vcsth`hdc rcshducs igy stgy ho

nr no nur annd gatcr ht hs gppmhcd.

”Go gppmc g dgy ihebt bgvc kcpt tbc dn`tnr

gwgy prhnr tn tbc hodustrhgmhzgthno na annd

ernwhoe god prcpgrgthno. Jut, g``nrdhoe tn tbc

rcscgr`b niphmcd jy tbc Sohtcd Ptgtcs Drue

Gdihohstrgthno (SPDG) tndgy‘s gppmc notghos

rcshduc na cmcvco dhaacrcot ocurntnxhos—

gzhopbns, ictbym `bmnrhpyrhans, dhgzhono,

dhictbngtc, ctbhno, nitbngtc, pgrgtbhno,

pgrgtbhno ictbym, pbnsgmnoc, god pbnsict.

Tbgt dncso‘t snuod tnn gppcthzhoe dncs ht>

Tbc gvcrgec gppmc hs sprgycd whtb pcsth`hdcs

scvcotcco thics jcanrc ht hs bgrvcstcd.’ [06Y

Tbc cxgipmc htcd gjnvc hs lust noc na tbcigoy annd htcis ernwo uodcr tbc hoamuco`c

na hodustrhgm agrihoe. Bninecohzgthno god

gppcgrgo`c na tbc annd prndu`ts igttcrs tbc

inst ho nrpnrgtc agrihoe.

(0) Iumthogthnogm @notrnm no annd

systcis

Tbc wgy annd hs prndu`cd god bgodmcd,arni agri hoputs tn `nosuipthno hs

`notrnmmcd jy nrpnrgthnos grnuod tbc wnrmd.

‒Gerhjushocss‘ cxcrts nrpnrgtc `notrnm god

supprcsscs tbc igrkct‘s nipcththvcocss.

Gerhjushocss hs nodu`tcd ighomy g``nrdhoe

tn niicr`hgm prho`hpmcs. Tbhs trgosmgtcs tn

dnihogthoe igrkcts god ho`rcgshoe prnahts

gs tbc hodustry‘s kcy anùs. G bgodaum na

iumthogthnogm nrpnrgthnos notrnm tbc wnrmd‘sannd hodustry. Tbhs gppmhcs tn emnjgm annd

prndu`thno god dhstrhjuthno, sc`tnr jy sc`tnr.

Anr cxgipmc, icrcmy ahvc nipgohcs onw

dnihogtc tbc ergho trgdhoe. @nrpnrgtc icrecrs

god g`quhshthnos bgvc mcd tn tbhs `no`cotrgthno

na igrkct pnwcr. Tbhs sigmm ernup na

iumthogthnogms dctcrihocs wbgt agricrs snw

god wbgt wc cgt. Tbhs hs tbc rcsumt na ùrrcot

`hrùistgo`cs ho gerhjushocss.

@cotrgmhzcd pur`bgshoe dc`hshnos na tbc mgrec

`niicr`hgm bghos god tbchr dcigods anr

stgodgrdhzcd prndu`ts bgvc ehvco g bgodaum

na nrpnrgthnos go uoprc`cdcotcd dcercc na

pnwcr nvcr tbc wnrmd‘s annd suppmy.

Tndgy‘s rctghm c`noniy hs whphoe nut sigmm

jushocsscs, njmhtcrgthoe rcehnogm dhaacrco`cs{06}

{07}

[06Y Vnmmgo Ih`bgcm, :662. Ho Dcaco`c na Annd< Go Cgtcr‘s Igohacstn, Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g< Vcoeuho Ernup SP.

3: Ph @b | O I dh D h




god sprcgdhoe hdcoth`gm stnrcs tbrnuebnut

tbc nuotry mhkc g scma rcpmh`gthoe ndc.

Cvcry ag`ct na nur mhac hs jchoe argo`bhscd nr

`bghocd.

Sohanrihty god accmhoe na rcgssurgo`c hs

uscd tn drgw nosuicrs tn agihmhgr jrgods

ho go hostho`t tn gvnhd tbc uokonwo.

(4) Annd Envcrogo`c

Dcsphtc tc`bonmneh`gm gdvgo`cs ho

gerh`umturc, ocgrmy g jhmmhno pcnpmc grnuod

tbc wnrmd sthmm suaacr arni buoecr god pnnr

outrhthno wbhmc g jhmmhno grc nvcrwchebt

nr njcsc. Tbhs hijgmgo`c bhebmhebts tbc

occd ont nomy tn an`us no annd prndu`thno

jut gmsn tn hipmcicot su``cssaum annd

pnmh`hcs. Ht dcgms whtb bnw annd c`noniy hs

rceumgtcd god bnw annd pnmh`y bnh`cs grc

igdc god hipmcicotcd. Envcroicots

`notrnm tbc pnmh`y igkhoe `gpg`hty ho tbc

annd systci. Tbcy gmsn notrnm hoamgthno god

hipnrt / cxpnrt na annd `niindhthcs wbh`b

igohpumgtc tbc c`noniy na g nuotry.

Envcroicot iust gddrcss tbc igoy

`nipmcx bgmmcoecs tbgt mhc gbcgd ho

vhcw na nothoucd pnvcrty, emnjgmhzgthno,

`mhigtc bgoec, annd prh`c vnmgthmhty, ogturgmrcsnur`c dcergdgthno, dcinergpbh` god

dhctgry trgoshthnos, god mn`gm god nregoh`

annd prndu`thno.[07Y Zgtbcr tbgo igkhoe

hoanricd dc`hshnos envcroicot pmgys

icrryigkhoe tn tbc wbhis god ago`hcs na

iumthogthnogm `nrpnrgthnos. Pujshdhcs god

s`bcics mguo`bcd jy tbc envcroicot ho

mhcu na dnhoe ennd tn tbc agricrs cod up

prcssurhzhoe tbci hotn tgkhoe jgok mngos

anr acrthmhzcrs, sccds god pcsth`hdcs. Tbhs

ho turo pusbcs tbci hotn g vh`hnus `y`mc na

dcigod god suppmy. Ht mcgds tn go nutrgec

jy tbc agricrs wbco tbcy suaacr duc tn su`b

ocvcr codhoe mngos god prcssurc jy tbc

envcroicot.

Ho dcvcmnphoe nuotrhcs, tbc s`cogrhn hs cvco

inrc hoaurhgthoe wbco agrimgod hs `novcrtcd

hotn hoargstru`turc jy tbc envcroicot no tbc

prctcxt na dcvcmnpicot god gdvgo`cicot.

Agricrs grc dhspmg`cd whtbnut mhvcmhbnnd,

bnic nr inocy tn survhvc.

(3) Vmhebt na agricrs god wnrkcrs

Iglnr iumthogthnogms grc gmmnwcd tn

dnihogtc noc niindhty igrkct gatcr

gontbcr. Agricrs god `gttmc rgo`bcrs grcmnshoe tbchr hodcpcodco`c, csscothgmmy

jc`nihoe bhrcd bgods anr tbc gerhjushocss

ehgots nr jchoe anr`cd naa tbc mgod. Agihmy

agris grc onw jchoe rcpmg`cd jy ehegoth`

`nrpnrgtc agris. Ho nrdcr anr mgrec s`gmc

{0:} {00}





agrihoe nnpcrgthnos tn wnrk tbc mgod

no wbh`b ht occds tn bgppco occds tn jc

`notheunus. Pigmm dhs`nooc`tcd pmnts grco‘t

wcmm suhtcd tn hodustrhgm agrihoe ig`bhocry,

tbc mcoetb na scvcrgm anntjgmm ahcmds. Zurgm

`niiuohthcs grc mnshoe tbchr ihddmc `mgss

god jc`nihoe strgthahcd, dhvhdcd jctwcco

g sigmm, wcgmtby cmhtc god mgrec ouijcr na

tbc wnrkhoe pnnr. Ho dcvcmnphoe nuotrhcs

sgic prg`th`cs grc jchoe hipmcicotcd ho tbc

`notcxt na agrihoe.

Agricrs grc tbc prndu`crs na annd, jut tbcy

tbciscmvcs ag`c stgrvgthno tn g crtgho

cxtcot. Tbhs go jc duc tn igoy rcgsnos

ho`mudhoe mgrec ginuot na jgok mngos tgkco

anr sccds nr `bcih`gms, ehvhoe hotn hodustrhgm

inon`umturc, ernwhoe nomy gsb rnps anr g

jcttcr rcturo ct`. Tbcy agmm prcy tn dhscgscs

duc tn tbc mgrec ginuot na pcsth`hdcs god

acrthmhzcrs tbcy usc no tbchr ahcmds. Dhscgscs

mhkc go`cr, jhrtb gjonrigmhthcs, god

ihs`grrhgecs bgvc onw jc`nic pgrt god

pgr`cm na tbc mhvcs na agricrs. Tbc agricrs

grc nostgotmy sujlc`tcd tn envcroicot

pnmh`hcs, nrpnrgtc prcssurcs na dcigod god

suppmy, ehvhoe tbci on gjhmhty tn mcgd g ennd

sustghogjmc mhacstymc.

(1) Annd god s`hco`c

Tbc usc god ihsusc na mgod, scg god ntbcr

ogturgm rcsnur`cs wbhmc prndu`hoe annd, hs

jchoe gttciptcd tn jc nianrtcd tbrnueb tbc

gdvgo`cicot na s`hco`c. Ocw tc`bonmnehcs

bgvc jcco uscd nvcr gecs tn ho`rcgsc tbc

prndu`thno na annd. Tbc ernwhoe pnpumgthno

hs noc na tbc igho rcgsnos tn hoamuco`c su`b

g tbnuebt.

Zgdhgthno jrccdhoe god ecocth` indhah`gthno

grc snic na tbc wgys ho wbh`b ocw iutgtcs

vgrhcthcs grc jchoe prndu`cd, wbh`b grc sghd

tn jc jcttcr tbgo tbc gmrcgdy cxhsthoe ogturgm

nocs. Tbc gttcipts tn mgsshay dcerccs

na ecocth` iutgthno, arni `novcothnogm

jrccdhoe gmm tbc wgy tn tbc rcgthno god

hoscrthno na grtha h`hgmmy syotbcshzcd ecocs, grc

tbc sujlc`t na `nothouhoe dcjgtc, wbh`b hs

bchebtcocd jy tbc sheohah`go`c na pgrth`umgr

mgjcms ho tbc `nosuicr‘s ihod god tbc

rcsumthoe c`nonih` hipg`t. Anr cxgipmc,

g iutgecoh` Zujy Zcd ergpcaruht ernwo

whtbnut tbc usc na pcsth`hdcs `go jc mgjcmmcd

gs nregoh` god tbus jc snmd anr g prcihui,

dcsphtc tbc ag`t tbgt nregoh` annds jy

dcahohthno `goont jc ecocth`gmmy indhahcd. [0:Y

Gmsn agst annd `bghos sthmm cijrg`c g

jnuodmcss aghtb ho s`hco`c god gs g rcsumt

tbcy bgvc bgoecd ont lust wbgt wc cgt jut

gmsn bnw annd hs igdc. Iu`b na tbc tgstc god

grnig ho tbc iumthogthnogm agst annd `bghos hs

igouag`turcd ho bcih`gm pmgots.{04}

[07Y Mgoe Thi, Bcgsigo Ih`bgcm, :664. Annd Ugrs< Tbc Emnjgm Jgttmc

anr Inutbs Ihods god Igrkcts, Sohtcd Khoedni< @VH GotnoyZnwc.

[0:Y Vruocd :677. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

pruocd.jmnespnt.ho/:677/64/gtnih`-egrdcos.btim





4Annd &grt

4.7 Annd ho pghothoes


4.0 Annd dcsheo

4.4 Cgthoe dcsheo

4.3 Vrc`cdco`c





4.7 Annd ho pghothoes

Ubcocvcr noc nics g`rnss sthmm mhac

pghothoes dcph`thoe tbhoes mhkc jrcgd, aruhts

god vcectgjmcs, tbcy grc g`tugmmy scchoe tbc

rcsumts na g mnoe trgdhthno na annd ho grt.

Bhstnrh`gm studhcs sbnw tbgt tbc Erccks god

Znigos prhdcd tbciscmvcs ho tbc rcgmhsth`

dcph`thno na annd ho grtwnrks. G emgss jnwm

na aruht wgs `niinomy ho`mudcd ho Znigo

pghothoes tn jngst na tbc dcmh`g`hcs tbgt tbc

rh`b hthzcos na Znic colnycd, god na tbcecocrnus bnsphtgmhty tbcy bgd tn naacr.

Cvco agrtbcr jg`k, gr`bgcnmnehsts bgvc anuod

drgwhoes na annd no tbc wgmms na Ceypthgo

pyrgihds. Ho go`hcot Ceypthgo umturc ht

wgs jcmhcvcd tbgt tbnsc drgwhoes, tbrnueb

igeh`gm prnpcrthcs, wnumd onurhsb tbnsc enoc

no tn tbc gatcrmhac. Tbhoes bgvco‘t bgoecd

iu`b sho`c tbco, tndgy dcph`thnos na annd

no tbc wgmms na rcstgurgots, pcnpmc‘s bnics

god ho bntcms grc rc`rcgtcd. @mcgrmy ht hs vcry

gppcgmhoe, `nianrthoe gminst, jy bgvhoe

pghothoes na annd grnuod us.

Tbc bhstnry na annd ho pghothoes bgs `bgoecd

ho jntb icgohoe god prcscotgthno, sho`c tbc

cgrmy Zcoghssgo`c. Tbc shxtccotb cotury

sgw ercgt hoonvgthnos ho annd sujlc`ts, jut ht

wgs Dut`b annd pghothoes na tbc scvcotccotb

`cotury tbgt rcgtcd tbc vhsugm vn`gjumgry

sthmm npcrgthvc tndgy. Arni tbc bcgrty icgms

jchoe dcvnurcd jy pcgsgots no govgs tn tbc

musb god mhacmhkc aruhts na gtrnipc m‘nchm, annd

bgs colnycd g cotrgm pmg`c ho pghothoe anr

`coturhcs [00Y.

Arni tbc Zcoghssgo`c tn tbc prcscot dgy;

tbrnueb tbc wnrks na grthsts arni Zcijrgodt,

tn Inoct, tn Ugrbnm, tbc icgohoe na annd

higecry hs dctcrihocd jy ag`tnrs su`b gs

iytb, rcmhehno god sn`hgm prhvhmcec. Annd ho

pghothoes go jc purcmy syijnmh` pnrtrgygms na

annd nr iumth-mgycrcd whtb scxugm rcacrco`cs

gs scco ho surrcgmhst wnrks. Zc`cot grthsts bgvc

gmsn uscd annd gs g dcph`thno na tbc sn`hcty

god tbc umturc tbgt wc sujshst ho rhebt onw.

Tbcy usc annd gs ictgpbnrs nr g icdhui tn

`niicot no sn`hgm god pnmhth`gm hssucs. Gs

annd hs go hotcergm pgrt na nur cxhstco`c tbc

rcmgthnosbhp anricd whtb tbc vhcwcr hs dccp

god bnmhsth`.

[00Y Kcooctb Jcodhocr, :664. Annd Ho Vghothoe< Arni Tbc Zcoghssgo`c

Tn Tbc Vrcscot. Zcgkthno Jnnks

{03}





{03} Nppnshtc pgec jnttni mcat< 7226 Pthmm Mhac

Uhtb Vcg`bcs jy Bcorh Agotho-Mgtnur

Nppnshtc pgec jnttni rhebt< 7280 Pthmm Mhac

Uhtb Drgpcry, Vht`bcr god Aruht Jnwm jy Vgum

@czgooc

Tnp mcat< 7527 Pthmm mhac Uhtb Mnjstcr jy Gooc

Qgmmgycr-@nstcr,

Jnttni mcat< 7312 Tbc Vcgsgot Ucddhoe jy

Vhctcr Jrucecm tbc Cmdcr,

Jnttni rhebt< 7222 Pthmm Mhac Uhtb Ig`kcrcms,

Mcinos god Tnigtncs jy Qho`cot Qgo Eneb

{03}





Ehuscppc Gr`hijnmdn

(73:5 ‐ Lumy 77, 7380)

Go Htgmhgo igoocrhst pghotcr jcst konwo anr

`rcgthoe higehogthvc pnrtrght bcgds igdc

cothrcmy na njlc`ts su`b gs aruhts, vcectgjmcs,

amnwcrs, ahsb, god jnnks. Bhs pghothoes

rcprcscotcd tbcsc njlc`ts no tbc `govgs,

grrgoecd ho su`b g wgy tbgt tbc wbnmc

`nmmc`thno na njlc`ts anricd g rc`neohzgjmcmhkcocss na tbc pnrtrght sujlc`t pghotcd.

Gt g dhstgo`c, bhs pghothoes mnnkcd mhkc onrigm

buigo pnrtrghts gs pghotcd gt tbc thic.

Bnwcvcr, hodhvhdugm njlc`ts ho cg`b pnrtrght

wcrc g`tugmmy nvcrmgppcd tnectbcr tn igkc

vgrhnus gogtnih`gm sbgpcs na g buigo. Tbcy

wcrc grcaummy nostru`tcd jy bhs higehogthno.

Bc bgs bnsco tbc gsscijmcd njlc`ts whtb

ercgt grc god dctghm, dcph`thoe snic khod na

rcmgthnosbhp tn tbc sujlc`t pnrtrgycd. Cg`b

njlc`t wgs rcmgtcd jy bgrg`tcrhzgthno.

G Igoocrhst pghothoe tcodcd tn sbnw `mnsc

rcmgthnosbhps jctwcco buigo god ogturc.

Gr`hijnmdn gmsn trhcd tn sbnw bhs gpprc`hgthno

na ogturc tbrnueb bhs pnrtrghts. Anr cxgipmc ho

bhs pghothoe ”Tbc Pprhoe’, tbc buigo pnrtrght

wgs nipnscd na nomy vgrhnus sprhoe amnwcrs

god pmgots. Arni tbc bgt tn tbc oc`k, cvcry

pgrt na tbc pnrtrght, cvco tbc mhps god onsc,

wgs nipnscd na amnwcrs, wbhmc tbc jndy wgs

`nipnscd na pmgots. No tbc ntbcr notrgry, hotbc pghothoe ogicd ”Tbc Uhotcr’, tbc buigo

bcgd wgs nipnscd instmy na rnnts na trccs.

Mcgvcs arni cvcrercco trccs god tbc jrgo`bcs

jc`gic bghr, wbhmc g strgw igt jc`gic tbc

`nstuic na tbc buigo pnrtrght.

Tbc pnrtrghts pnrtrgy rcoghssgo`c ags`hogthno

whtb rhddmcs, puzzmcs, god tbc jhzgrrc. Pnic

igy ahod Gr`hijnmdn‘s pghothoes erntcsquc nr

drcgdaum, jut bc ihebt lust jc `gtcrhoe tn tbc

tgstc na bhs thics.

Jy ushoe tbc cvcrydgy njlc`ts, tbc pnrtrghts

wcrc dc`nrgthno god sthmm mhac pghothoes gt tbc

sgic thic. Bhs wnrks sbnwcd ont nomy ogturc

god buigo jchoes, jut gmsn bnw `mnscmy tbcy

wcrc rcmgtcd. [04Y

[04Y Ehuscppc Gr`hijnmdn. [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Ehuscppc^Gr`hijnmdn

[03} Mhtcrgturc< Tbc Gr`hijnmdn Caac`t< Trgosanrigthnos na tbc ag`c arni tbc 71tb tn

tbc :6tb @cotury. Gjjcvhmmc Vrcss, Ocw Xnrk, 7Pt Cdhthno cdhthno (Pcptcijcr 7825).

Grthst

{01}





Tbcsc jhzgrrc wnrks whtb iumthpmc higecs god vhsugm puos, wcrc rcdhs`nvcrcd ho tbc cgrmy :6tb cotury jy Purrcgmhst

grthsts su`b gs Pgmvgdnr Dgmé. Tbc cxbhjhthno cothtmcd ”Tbc Gr`hijnmdn Caac`t< Trgosanrigthnos na tbc ag`c arni tbc 71tb tn

tbc :6tb @cotury’ gt tbc Vgmgzzn Ergssh ho Qcoh`c (7825) ho`mudcs ouicrnus ‒dnujmc icgohoe‘ pghothoes. [03Y

{01}




p | e

Zgmpb Enhoes(Igy :3, 78:2 - prcscot)

Go Gicrh`go pghotcr mnscmy gssn`hgtcd whtb

tbc Vbntnrcgmhsi nr Pupcr Zcgmhsi invcicot

na tbc mgtc 7816s god cgrmy 7856s. Bc hs jcst

konwo anr bhs bhebmy dctghmcd pghothoes na

bgijurecr stgods, ph`k-up tru`ks, Pgu`c

jnttmcs god Gicrh`go agst annd pnrtrgycd

ho g dcmhjcrgtcmy njlc`thvc igoocr. Bhs wnrk

bgs su``ccdcd arni Vnp Grt ho wbh`b tbc

pbhmnsnpby wgs jnodcd tn nosuicrhsi; anr

cxgipmc tbc wnrks na Gody Ugrbnmc, jut whtb

stgrk rcgmhty ho pnrtrgygm.

Bhs pghothoes `niicot no tbc `nosuicrhst

annd ùmturc, whtb jmcgk rcgmhty mnnkhoe

strghebt jg`k gt us. Enhoes pghothoessbnw`gsc rcgmhty ho nutinst dctghm igkhoe

pcnpmc uo`nianrtgjmc god anr`hoe tbci

hotn tbhokhoe. Ht pnrtrgys wbgt hs bgppcohoe

onw ho nur mhac cvcry dgy, whtbnut us ehvhoe g

sc`nod tbnuebt gjnut ht. Ht dncs ont pnrtrgy

g icgohoe jut rcmgys g ag`t, kccphoe ht npco

codcd anr tbc vhcwcr tn hotcrprct. Mhac god

hts ougo`cs grc `gpturcd ho tbc dctghms na bhs

pghothoes. Bhs pghothoes bgvc njlc`ts pnrtrgycd

ho dcmhjcrgtcmy njlc`thvc igoocr gs bc acmt

tbgt ha snictbhoe wgs tn rcprcscot go njlc`t

tbco wby ont igkc ht rcscijmc g pbntnergpb

gs `mnscmy gs pnsshjmc. Bc prnlc`ts god

trg`cs tbc pbntnergpb hostcgd na npyhoe ht

arccbgod wbh`b jrhoes nut cvco inrc sbn`khoe

rcscijmgo`c. Ht bgs upsct pcnpmc, ont

`noshdcrhoe bhs pghothoes gs phc`cs na grt.

Bhs pghothoes bgvc arccwbccmhoe qugmhty na

tbc Gicrh`go mhacstymc. Ubco ynu mnnk inrc

`mnscmy, bhs pghothoes grc aumm na Gicrh`go

npthihsi, jut gmsn na icmgo`bnmy—whmm tbc

pcrac`t pmg`c tn stnp god scttmc ho cvcr ho ag`t

jc anuod> Hodccd, cijrg`hoe jgogmhty hs vcry

iu`b tbc pnhot na wbgt Enhoes dncs. Bc wgotstn tcmm us tbgt tbc inst nrdhogry tbhoes grc wcmm

wnrtb mnnkhoe gt, prnvhdcd tbgt wc bgvc tbc

dhs`hpmhoc tn mnnk gt tbgt prnpcrty, no tbchr nwo

tcris god anr tbchr nwo sgkc. [01Y

Enhoes pghothoes grc g rcamc`thno na tbc

`nosuicr ùmturc tbgt wc onw mhvc ho. Inst

hipnrtgotmy, tbc annd umturc tbgt wc onw bgvc

god wc tbhok wc jcmnoe tn.

[01Y Cssgy< ZGMVB ENHOEP< Gicrh`g‘s Qcriccr

@gtgmne Cssgy Jy Cdwgrd Mu hc-Pihtb :664 | bttp<//

rgmpbmenhoes.`ni/>pgec^hd9465

[05Y Gody Ugrbnm. [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.

nre/whkh/GodyÛgrbnm

Grthst

{05}




p l | y

Gody Ugrbnm wgs gmwgys gttg`kcd anr ”`gphtumgthoe’ tn `nosuicrhsi.

@rhth`s wcrc s`godgmhzcd jy Ugrbnm‘s npco cijrg`c na tbc igrkct umturc.G phvntgm cvcot wgs tbc 7814 cxbhjht Tbc Gicrh`go Pupcrigrkct. Tbc sbnw

wgs prcscotcd gs g typh`gm S.P. sigmm supcrigrkct covhrnoicot, cx`cpt tbgt

cvcrytbhoe ho ht—arni tbc prndu`c, goocd ennds, icgt, pnstcrs no tbc wgmm,

ct`.—wgs rcgtcd jy shx prnihocot pnp grthsts na tbc thic, ginoe tbci tbc

`notrnvcrshgm Jhmmy Gppmc, Igry Hoigo, god Znjcrt Ugtts. Ugrbnm‘s pghothoe

na g `go na @gipjcmm‘s snup `nst $7,366 wbhmc cg`b gutnergpbcd `go snmd anr

$1. Tbc cxbhjht wgs noc na tbc ahrst igss cvcots tbgt dhrc`tmy noarnotcd tbc

ecocrgm pujmh` whtb jntb pnp grt god tbc pcrcoohgm qucsthno na wbgt grt hs .[05Y

{05}





Ptcago Pgeichstcr

Dcht`b Vrnlc`ts, Jgogog Ugmm

Tbc Jgogog Ugmm wgs g pgrt na go grt hostgmmgthno, ho tbc cxbhjhthnogt Dcht`b Vrnlc`ts ho Ocw Xnrk - Tbhoes H Bgvc Mcgrocd ho Iy Mhac

Pn Agr. Gt tbc npcohoe na tbc cxbhjhthno, go hostgmmgthno wgs igdc

nut na 76,666 rcgm jgogogs, stg`kcd up ho g ehgot wgmm gt tbc Dcht`b

Egmmcry. Ercco jgogogs rcgtcd g pgttcro geghost g jg`kernuod

na ycmmnw jgogogs. Ho tbc Jgogog Ugmm, Pgeichstcr uscd ercco

jgogogs spcmmhoe nut tbc scothicot< Pcma-`noahdco`c prndu`cs

ahoc rcsumts, whtb rhpc jgogog gs tbc jg`kernuod. Tbc rcigrkgjmc

ahxgthno gjnut tbc hostgmmgthno hs tbgt ht `bgoecd nvcr thic. Gatcr

g ouijcr na dgys tbc ercco jgogogs turocd ycmmnw god tbc typc

dhsgppcgrcd. Gs tbc jgogog‘s rhpcocd aurtbcr, tbc jg`kernuod

jc`nic jrnwohsb-ycmmnw, tbc inttn (god tbc scma-`noahdco`c)

gppcgrcd gegho, nomy tn en gwgy wbco gmm jgogogs turocd jrnwo.

Tbc grtwnrk ergdugmmy dc`gycd nvcr :4 dgys na tbc cxbhjhthno.

Ht hs rcigrkhoe no tbc ag`t tbgt annd bgs tbc qugmhty tn dc`gy god

dhc, wbhmc jchoe uscd gs g icdhui tn pnrtrgy authmhty. Ht gmsn rcmgys

us tbc icgohoe na grt god hts usgec whtb tbc jcguty na ht jchoe g

tcipnrgry acgturc.

Grthst

{02}




{02}




Igtbhmdc Znusscm

Mhvcs Na Ergss

Cxbhjhtcd gt :676 @rnsshoe tbc Mhoc AHGA Acsthvgm gt Hovhshjmc

Dne Egmmcry, Jrnnkmyo, OX ; Arco`b Hosthtutc Gmmhgo`c Argoåghsc

AEB Tbcgtcr bgmm, OX ; Jrnnkmyo Stnphgs< Agri @hty gt Tbc Nmd

Ptnoc Bnusc Egmmcry, Jrnnkmyo, OX god Gogtnihg Jntgoh`g,

@bcckwnnd Jntgoh`gm Egrdco & Iuscui na Grt, Ogsbvhmmc, SP.

Arco`b grthst Igtbhmdc Znusscm bgs rcgtcd g scrhcs na mhvhoe

ergss hostgmmgthnos tbgt tgkc tbc sbgpc na buigo jchoes. Tbcsc

cpbcicrgm sùmpturcs, igdc na rc`y`mcd igtcrhgm god agjrh`

ahmmcd whtb snhm god wbcgt ergss sccds, scrvc gs g ictgpbnr anr

nur jndhcs‘ trgosanrigthnos nvcr thic. Anr tbci, mhkc us, dc`gy hs

hocvhtgjmc.

Tbc hostgmmgthno gmsn drgws gttcothno tn tbc pnmhth`s god cotrgmhty

na annd. Cg`b sùmpturc crupts arni Cgrtb‘s csscothgm rcsnur`c ‐

snhm, whtbnut wbh`b wc wnumd ont cxhst. Tbcsc sùmpturcs strhvc tn

sbnw us tbgt, ho tbc grthst‘s wnrds, ”Njscrvhoe ogturc god jchoegwgrc na wbgt god bnw wc cgt igkcs us inrc scoshthvc tn annd

`y`mcs ho tbc wnrmd - na gjuodgo`c, na agihoc - god gmmnws us tn

jc pbysh`gmmy, hotcmmc`tugmmy god sphrhtugmmy nooc`tcd tn g emnjgm

rcgmhty.’ ”Xnu grc wbgt ynu cgt,’ c`bncs ho tbc ihods egzhoe upno

tbcsc gotbrnpninrpbh` ergss sùmpturcs.[02Y

Grthst

{08}

[02Y Igtbhmdc Znusscm, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.igtbhmdcrnusscm.

`ni/hodcx.pbp/wnrks/mhvcs-na-ergss/




{08}




4.0 Annd dcsheo

”Annd Dcsheo igkcs pnsshjmc tn tbhok gjnut annd gs go cdhjmc dcsheocd prndu`t, go njlc`t tbgt ocegtcs goy

rcacrco`c tn `nnkhoe, trgdhthno god egstrnoniy’.

Igrth Euhxè

(7814 - prcscot)

Igrth Euhxè hs g @gtgmnohgo dcsheocr mhvhoe ho

Jgr`cmnog god Jcrmho. Igrth Euhxè gs g Annd

Dcsheocr juhmds cdhjmc prndu`ts tbgt grc

crenonih`, auo`thnogm god hotcrg`thvc. Bhs

wnrk hs vhshnogry jut rgdh`gmmy notcipnrgry

god thicmcss. Gs g stgtcicot geghost tbc

mhihtcd s`npc na tbc trgdhthnogm dcsheocr god

tn npco ocw pnsshjhmhthcs anr tbc hodustry

Euhxè stgrtcd go cx-dcsheocr invcicot,

dcahohoe bhiscma jy tbc sgic ogic.

Euhxè hs vcry nutspnkco ho bhs dhsmhkc na

dcsheo gs stymhzcd njlc`t god anri. Zgtbcrtbgo rcsbgphoe cxhsthoe prndu`ts Euhxè‘s

wnrk mghis tn gmtcr wgys na scchoe god

tbhokhoe. Dcsheo tn Euhxè occds tn cvnkc

`nostgot cvgmugthno na tbc pgrgictcrs

na auo`thno god g`thvc coegecicot godrchovcothno no tbc pgrt na tbc nosuicr. Ht

sbnumd jc ahrimy rnntcd ho notcipnrgry

cxpcrhco`c god ont mhoecr ho pgst stru`turcs

na auo`thnogmhty. Jc`gusc na tbhs `rhth`gm god

prnvn`gthvc gtthtudc, bhs wnrk hs snicthics

gssn`hgtcd whtb tbc `rhth`gm dcsheo

invcicot, pnpumgrhzcd jy Ahnog Zgjy god

Gotbnoy Duooc, jut ho ecocrgm hs inrc

pmgyaum god mcss inrgmhsth`.[08Y

Bhs ono-njlc`thvc gpprng`b hs rcamc`tcd ho

tbc arcqucot usc na dhspnsgjmc nr `bcgpigtcrhgms god tbc quh`k god cpbcicrgm

`bgrg`tcr na iu`b na bhs wnrk. Tbc ahogm

dcsheo natco sccis nomy noc nut`nic jut na

hoouicrgjmc pnsshjhmhthcs.

Euhxè‘s scoshthvhty tnwgrds igtcrhgms naigss `nosuipthno mcd bhi tn jc`nic go

hipnrtgot hoonvgtnr ho annd dcsheo. Bc

uodcrstnnd annd dcsheo gs g wgy tn rc-

cvgmugtc god rcdcsheo tbc stru`turc grnuod

annd, tbc hodustry god tbc nosuicr. Gs

Euhxè puts ht ‒‘H gi nomy hotcrcstcd ho annd,

gs H `noshdcr ht hs g igss `nosuipthno

prndu`t god H mhkc tbc ag`t tbgt ht hs g prndu`t

tbgt dhsgppcgrs ‐ jy hoecsthno ‐ god hs

trgosanricd hotn cocrey. Anr igoy ycgrs

annd bgs on mnoecr jcco g oc`csshty jut

g `nosuicr prndu`t. Inst na iy annd

prnlc`ts grc ont niicr`hgm, jut grc g wgy

na dcahohoe g ocw pcr`cpthno na tbhs khod na

prndu`t.‘‘ [46Y

[08Y @rhth`gm dcsheo, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/@rhth`gm^dcsheo

[46Y Euhxc Igth :677. [G``csscd Lumy : 67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.euhxc.`ni




Tc ‒Euiihjär`bco‘,Ecrigoy‘s cquhvgmcottn tbc lcmmy jgjy, wgs

dcsheocd jy BgosZhcecm ho Jnoo ho 78::;

sb oecrs gppcgrcdgonoyinusmy ho tbc SKgrnuod tbc ycgr 7816,

tbc suegr `ujc encs jg`ktn Lgknj @brhstnpb Zgdrni Jnbcihg god dgtcsrni tbc ycgr 7240, wbhmc

tbc `bcwhoe eui jgmmwgs hovcotcd jy Tnigs

Gdgis ho tbc SPGgrnuod 7256. [47Y

H-`gkcs< Tc phc ergpbh` hodh`gtcs tbchoercdhcots n tbc `gkc ho pcr`cotgecs. Dc`nrgthnojc`nics honrigthno. Vrntntypcs :667

:667 Vrcscotcd ho Anndwnrk.

Mg Pgmg Qhoåno, Jgr`cmnog.

Amgvnurcd Ptgips< Ptgips whtb nnd higecsno noc shdc god whtb tbc gvnur n tbc higecdnnd no tbc ntbcr.

7885 Vrcscotcd ho PVGIT

Egmcrhg B:N, Jgr`cmnog.

Nrgohcojgui Mnmmhpnp< Go nrgoec `godymnmmhpnp whtb g sccd hoshdc. Ht hs g wgy tn g`thvgtcspnrgdh` god spnotgocnus rcnrcstgthno lust jyspmhtthoe tbc sccd no`c tbc `gody hs ohsbcd.

7888 Vrcscotcd ho

@numcur Mn`gmc

Nrgohcojgui.

Vmgtn nijhogdn< Pystci tn nijhoc nndhoercdhcots gmnoe ecocth` tbcnrhcs. Tc nur

vgrhgjmcs grc scg,mgod, grjnbydrgtcsgod vcectgjmcs.Tcy grc `nijhocdigtbcigth`gmmy.

:667 Vrcscotcd ho

Anndwnrk.

Mg Pgmg Qhoåno,

Jgr`cmnog.

{46}

[47Y Khpmc A. Kcooctb, Nrocmgs @nocâKrhcibhmd, 7832. Tc @gijrhdec Unrmd

Bhstnry n Annd. @gijrhdec Sohvcrshty Vrcss




4.4 Cgthoe dcsheo

”Cgthoe dcsheo hs tn dcsheo arni tbc vcrj ‒tn cgt‘.’ Dcsheocrs wbn wnrk whtb tbc sujlc`t na annd grc natco `gmmcd

‒annd dcsheocrs‘.

Igrhlc Qnecmzgoe

(7852 - prcscot )

G``nrdhoe tn Igrhlc Qnecmzgoe, annd hs

gmrcgdy pcrac`tmy dcsheocd jy ogturc. Hostcgd,

bcr dcsheos anùs grnuod tbc vcrj ‒tn cgt‘.

Qnecmzgoe hs hosphrcd jy tbc nrheho na annd god

tbc prcpgrgthno, cthqucttc, bhstnry god umturc

grnuod ht. Annd encs tn tbc stnig`b, jut ht `go

gmsn g`thvgtc tbc jrgho god go rnusc strnoe

icinrhcs god cinthnos.

Ont nomy dncs sbc tbhok dccpmy gjnut wbgt

hs no tbc pmgtc, jut sbc gmsn tbhoks gjnut

cvcrytbhoe tbgt surrnuods tbc g`t na cgthoe.

Tbc gtinspbcrc, tbc pcnpmc hovnmvcd ho tbcstnrhcs jcbhod tbc hoercdhcots, tbc tgstc god

tcxturc. Pnuod, sicmm, `nmnur na annd god tbc

wgy ht hs prcpgrcd god scrvcd. Pbc cxpmnrcs

tbc hothig`y na dcsheo tbgt g`tugmmy encs

hoshdc ynur jndy god anmmnws tbc lnurocy na

annd arni sccd gmm tbc wgy tn pnnp. Gs Igrhlc

sgys ”tbcrc hs on igtcrhgm tbgt `nics gs `mnsc

tn buigo jchoes gs annd. Jchoe g dcsheocrbnw mnsc go ynu ect tn tbc buigo jchoe>

Iy dcsheos en hoshdc ynur jndy. Tbcy accd

ynu; tbcy jc`nic g pgrt na ynu. Cvco gatcr ynu

`grrhcd tbci tn tbc tnhmct tbcy whmm accd tbc snhm

tbgt accds tbc trccs tbgt whmm accd ynu gegho’. Ht

hs natco tbnuebt tbgt dcsheocrs wbn wnrk whtb

annd nomy dcsheo tbc sbgpc na ht. Qnecmzgoe‘s

ghi hs tn mnnk gt tbc `notcot god jg`kernuod

na tbc annd gs wcmm; tbc sbgpc hs lust g tnnm tn

tcmm g stnry. [4:Y

Tbhokhoe gjnut gmm tbhs god wnrkhoe god

cxpcrhicothoe ho bcr studhn god rcstgurgot

god jy rcgthoe cgthoe cxpcrhco`cs anr bcr

`mhcots sbc bgs dcvcmnpcd bcr nwo uohquc

wgy na mnnkhoe gt cgthoe arni g psy`bnmneh`gm,

ùmturgm god dcsheo pnhot na vhcw.

Cgthoe dcsheo hs go uoùmthvgtcd grcg whtb go

codmcss ginuot na pnsshjhmhthcs. Igrhlc‘s chebtpnhot pbhmnsnpby ehvcs hoshebt hotn wbcrc tbc

pnsshjhmhthcs na wnrkhoe whtb annd `go mcgd.

Tbc chebt pnhots grc<

• tbc scoscs

• ogturc

• ùmturc

• sn`hcty

• tc`bohquc

• psy`bnmney

• s`hco`c

• g`thno

[4:Y Igrhlc Qnecmzgoe :67:. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.igrhlcvnecmzgoe.om/

www.igrhlcvnecmzgoe.om/nvcrzh`bt.btim




Cgt Mnvc Judgpcst

(@umturc)

Icinry / Cxpcrhco`c

‒Cgt Mnvc Judgpcst‘ wgs g iumthscosnry

pcranrigo`c prnlc`t god cxpcrhco`c, jrhoehoe

tnectbcr twn strgoecrs anr tbc hothigtc g`t

na sbgrhoe annd god jchoe acd. Tbc prnlc`t

cipbgshzcs tbc hodhvhdugmhty god jcgutyhobcrcot ho tbc mhac na cg`b pcrsno. Tco Znigo

wnico wcrc hovhtcd tn gonoyinusmy sbgrc

tbchr stnry whtb noc strgoecr gt g thic. Cg`b

wnigo wnumd accd bcr eucst whtb bcr nwo

bgods annds tbgt bgvc pcrsnogm icgohoe tn

bcr, rc`nuothoe icinrhcs, snoes, god stnrhcs

gs tbcy sht tnectbcr.

Cg`b vhshtnr tn tbc hostgmmgthno colnys g

dhaacrcot cxpcrhco`c whtb dhaacrcot stnrhcs,

dhaacrcot annds, g dhaacrcot s`cot, dhaacrcot

pbntnergpbs god icssgecs ho tbc tcot.Cg`b gmsn mcat bgvhoe pgrtgkco ont nomy na

trgdhthnogm annds jut gmsn tbc stnry na g

pcrsno, ho snuod, tgstc, sicmm, god tnu`b.

Mhkcmy tn jc rcmhvcd gt cg`b co`nuotcr na

tbcsc annds, ntbcr Znig pcnpmc, nr tbc sicmms

god snuods cxpcrhco`cd.

{47}




Pbgrhoe Dhoocr

(G`thno)

Cxpcrhco`c / Vcranrigo`c

Drnne Dcsheo ho tbc Octbcrmgods gskcd

Igrhlc tn dn g @brhstigs dhoocr. Tbhokhoe na

@brhstigs gs g thic wbco pcnpmc cgt tnectbcr,

sbc dc`hdcd tn rcgtc g shipmc hotcrvcothno.

Pbc uscd g tgjmc whtb g tgjmc`mntb, jut hostcgdna putthoe tbc `mntb no tbc tgjmc, sbc igdc

smhts ho ht god suspcodcd ht ho tbc ghr, sn tbgt

tbc pgrth`hpgots sgt whtb tbchr bcgds hoshdc

tbc spg`c god tbchr jndhcs nutshdc. Vbysh`gmmy

`nooc`thoe cg`b pcrsno, `nvcrhoe cvcrynoc‘s

`mntbhoe rcgtcd g scosc na cqugmhty. Hohthgmmy

sbc wgs no`crocd jc`gusc tbc pgrth`hpgots

dhdo‘t konw cg`b ntbcr jcanrcbgod, jut

ht ho`rcgscd tbchr dcshrc tn rcmgtc tn noc

gontbcr, god jrnuebt gjnut g accmhoe na jchoe

ho snictbhoe tnectbcr. Tbc annd wgs gmsnpgrt na tbc prnlc`t. Noc pcrsno wgs scrvcd g

smh`c na icmno no g pmgtc tbgt wgs `ut ho twn;

tbc pcrsno nppnshtc bcr wgs ehvco bgi no g

shihmgr pmgtc. Tbc `nijhogthno wgs sn `mgssh`

tbgt, whtbnut cvco jchoe tnmd tn dn sn, tbc

pgrth`hpgots ogturgmmy jcego tn sbgrc annd.

{47}




En Pmnw

(Pn`hcty)

@gac / Zcstgurgot

Ht naacrs g dhaacrcot khod na ”smnw annd,’ ho wbh`b

cmdcrmy pcnpmc na Ocw Xnrk prcpgrc god scrvc

annd smnwmy, whtb gttcothno god `grc. Hts ghi hs

tn g``cotugtc nrdhogry gspc`ts na dhohoe god

cgthoe anr g rcocwcd gpprc`hgthno na dctghmsgod prn`csscs.

Xnu grc trcgtcd gs tbnueb ynu grc vhshthoe nur

ergodintbcr‘s anr dhoocr. Tbc trgoquhm sctthoe

god dcmhjcrgtc smnw pg`c trgosanri tbc dhohoe

cxpcrhco`c. Tbc icou god tbc wnndco pmgtc

vhsugmhzc god pbysh`gmmy cxprcss trgospnrt

god dhstgo`c< mn`gm annd hs scrvcd ho ecocrnus

pnrthnos wbhmc hoercdhcots arni agr gwgy grc

scrvcd ho prnercsshvcmy sigmmcr pnrthnos. Gt

tbc inst mn`gm mcvcm, hs jgjy rcss< ernwo

no-shtc god mhtcrgmmy wnro jy tbc stgaa no tbchrgprnos, nijhocd whtb iustgrd erccos arni

tbc rc`cotmy bhp Znnatnp Agris ho Erccopnhot,

Jrnnkmyo. Tbco no tn bccsc arni Tcoocsscc,

bgi arni Kcotu`ky, wgmouts arni @bhmc, nmhvcs

arni Turkcy, g my`bcc arni @bhog, juttcr arni

Zusshg, god ahogmmy, stgr dust.

{47}




Znnts

(Ogturc)

Vmgy / Cxpcrhco`c

Ht cxpmnrcs tbc sbgrcd umhogry bhstnry na

Jrhthsb god Dut`b rnnt vcectgjmcs. Ht wgs

rcdhs`nvcrcd tbrnueb tbc icdhui na `mgy

`nnkhoe. @mgy `nnkhoe cogjmcs ynu tn juhmd

s`umpturcs, jgkc scgsnocd rnnt vcectgjmcsgod rcgtc g scosnry mgods`gpc. Ho go`hcot

thics wbnmc gohigms wcrc jgkcd ho mgy no

go npco ahrc, god gatcr jchoe rcinvcd arni

tbc bnt ngms, sigsbcd npco. Tbc nnkcd

`notcots, ho tbhs gsc, rnnt vcectgjmcs grc

nomy rcvcgmcd wbco tbc mgy sbcmm hs jrnkco,

`rcgthoe g dhmciig; jrcgkhoe g s`umpturc tn

sgipmc tbc wgri rnnt hoshdc. Ht hs go gttcipt

tn nooc`t pgst god prcscot no g indcro

tgjmc mhkc go c`mc`th` gr`bgcnmneh`gm shtc.

{47}




Jmg`k @noactth

(Vsy`bnmney)

Cxbhjhthno / Icinry / Onstgmehg

‒Ht mnnkcd mhkc jmg`k `noactth‘ tbc gsbcs agmmhoe

dnwo tbc sky gatcr tbc UUHH jnijgrdicot

na Znttcrdgi scco tbrnueb tbc cycs na g

`bhmd. Anr tbc npcohoe na go cxbhjhthno gjnut

UUHH, tbc rcshstgo`c iuscui wgs gskcd anrnrhehogm wgr rc`hpcs. Dhsbcs wcrc prcpgrcd

g``nrdhoe tn tbc rc`hpcs jut scrvcd gs bnrs ‒d

ncuvrcs. Pnic survhvnrs na tbc wgr, wbn wcrc

`bhmdrco jg`k tbco, wcrc hovhtcd. Tbcy gic

god tgstcd tbc annd. Tbcy bgd ont tgstcd tbhs

annd ho nvcr 16 ycgrs. Pnic annd jrnuebt

jg`k anrenttco icinrhcs na tbgt thic, jntb

bnrrhah` god pmcgsgot. Tbc cxpcrhco`c wgs

vcry cinthnogm god onstgmeh`.

{47}




4.3 Vrc`cdco`c

”Tn sct g prc`cdcot’ wnumd icgo tn jceho

g `crtgho mhoc na tbnuebt wbh`b `go jc tbc

anuodgthno anr aurtbcr cxpmnrgthno god

wnrk. Ht dcs`rhjcs go nphohno cstgjmhsbcd

ho g prcvhnusmy uodcrtgkco prnlc`t na

shihmgr jg`kernuod. Tbc ecocrgm prho`hpmc

na prc`cdcot hs tbc ic`bgohsi jy wbh`b

tbgt engm hs gttghocd tbrnueb uodcrstgodhoe

na wbgt bgs gmrcgdy jcco hipmcicotcd jy

ntbcr pcnpmc wnrkhoe ho shihmgr grcgs. Ht hs

tn cxpmnrc tbc pnsshjhmhthcs tbrnueb gmrcgdyuodcrtgkco wnrk, ho cicreco`c na tbc twn

dhs`hpmhocs; Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo god Annd.

Ocw icdhg dcsheo hs ”scvcrcmy trgos-

dhs`hpmhogry’ ho ogturc god ht cxgihocs

tbc hipg`t tbgt tc`bonmnehcs igy bgvc

no igokhod ho tbc auturc. Ht co`nurgecs

ho cxpmnrhoe god `rhth`gmmy cxgihohoe tbc

rcmgthnosbhp jctwcco tc`bonmney god

`umturc ehvhoe tbc uodcrtgkco prnlc`t tbc

oh`bc ht rcquhrcs tn dcmvc hotn tbc dnigho

na annd `umturc. @notcipnrgry prg`th`c

god study na ocw icdhg hs tn rcgtc

gssn`hgthnos/ rnss mhokgecs g`rnss tbc

ahcmds na grt, s`hco`c, tc`bonmney god dcsheo.

Tbc anmmnwhoe sc`thno hs tn rc`neohzc

tbc hotcrsc`thno na Ocw Icdhg god

Annd tbrnueb vgrhnus prnlc`ts. Annd god

tc`bonmney trgvcrsc gt g niino iccthoe

ernuod rcsumthoe ho dhvcrsc prnlc`ts god

nut`nics. Annd gs g icdhui hs cipmnycd

whtb vgrhcd rcsumts. Ht hs tn `noshdcr tbc

`gpg`hty na dcsheo tbgt agmms ho tbc sgic

sc`thno gs tbc vcoturc uodcrtgkco.

Cxpmnrgthno na cgrmhcr hipmcicotcd wnrks,

ehvcs g jg`kernuod anr aurtbcr dcvcmnpicot.

Ht gmsn `notrnms tbc `nursc na tbc prnlc`t

sn tbgt shihmgr wnrk sbnumd ont jc put hotn

prg`th`c. Ht rcgtcs g anuodgthno anr onvh`c

`rcgthnos sn gs tn jc gjmc tn auo`thno ho

shtugthnos wbcrc mg`k na dcahohthno pcrshsts,

tn dcahoc nur nwo prg`th`cs god ernuods,

hoanricd tbrnueb prg`th`c god rcscgr`b.




Jrcgkagst Ig`bhoc

Xurh Puzukh, Igsg Khiurg &

Vmgtanri :7

”Jrcgkagst’ hs syijnm na g jcehoohoe,

wbh`b hs wnodcraummy uscd jy Puzukh

ho tbc jrcgkagst ig`bhoc. Ht‘s pmgyaum

god hotcrg`thvc ogturc co`nurgecs tbc

vhcwcr tn jc`nic g pgrt na tbc wnrk.

Hiprcsshvc ho jntb no`cptugmhzgthno

god cxc`uthno, tbc ig`bhoc hs g Zujc

Enmdjcre ig`bhoc wbh`b go scrvc ynugo nicmct, `naacc god g tngst whtb lgi.

Xurh god Igsg hovhtcd ntbcr dcsheocrs

god tbc pujmh` tn bcmp juhmd god dcsheo

tbc ig`bhoc ushoe rc`y`mcd rciogots na

prcvhnus Vmgtanri:7 prnlc`ts.

{4:}




Ubhspcrhoe Tgjmc

Tbc ErccoCym &

Pthatuoe Lýdhs`bcs Iuscui Jcrmho

Anur uohquc acsthvhthcs `cmcjrgtcd

jy pcnpmc na dhstho`t umturcs grc

gsscijmcd ho go gr`bctyph`gm s`coc na

`noercegthno. Qhshtnrs gpprng`bhoe g

rnuod tgjmc ahmmcd whtb cipty dhsbcs

dhs`nvcr tbgt tbcsc grc g`tugmmy tcmmhoe

pcrsnogm stnrhcs gjnut tbc syijnmh`

icgohoe na annd god rhtugms. Urhttco jyg stnry wrhtcr, tbcsc stnrhcs grc jgscd

no hotcrvhcws god rcscgr`b grrhcd nut

anr tbhs phc`c. Tbc notcot bgoecs

g``nrdhoe tn tbc dhsbcs‘ pnshthnos god

tbchr dhstgo`c tn tbc ntbcrs. Phihmgrhthcs

god pc`umhgrhthcs na dhaacrcot annd

`crcinohcs grc cxpmnrcd ho g pmgyaum

god cotcrtghohoe wgy. Jy bgoehoe tgjmc

`nostcmmgthnos, tbc vhshtnrs rcvcgm inrc

god inrc stnrhcs god jc`nic pgrt na g

pgrth`hpgtnry spc`tg`mc.Uhtb g vgrhcty na scosnrs god

ih`rncmc`trnoh`s, cg`b indumc naacrs

tbc gjhmhty tn gm`umgtc, jcbgvc god

ogrrgtc g``nrdhoe tn uscrs‘ whsbcs.

{4:}




Thmm ynu stnp

Ihs`bcr‘Trgxmcr & IGK Qhcoog

Tbc prnlc`t hs dcsheocd anr tbc cxbhjhthno

‒Dcsheo @rhihogms nr G ocw lny hotn tbc

wnrmd‘, hovhthoe g dhs`nursc no ‒Nrogicot

god @rhic‘.

‒Thmm ynu stnp‘ gkc dc`nrgthno dcgms

whtb g gkc dc`nrgthno ictbnd tbgt

gmmnws tbc vhshtnr tn dc`hdc bnw iu`b

dc`nrgthno hs gppmhcd notn tbchr `gkc.

G shipmc ig`bhoc dc`nrgtcs tbc gkcwhtb mhocs (shihmgr tn g Pphrnergpb) god

`nothounusmy dc`nrgtcs uothm tbc vhshtnr

dc`hdcs tn stnp tbc dc`nrgthno prn`css.

Tbc dc`nr hs `nothounusmy `bgoehoe god

tbc vhshtnr dc`hdcs wbctbcr bc prcacrs g

shipmc nrogicot nr g inrc `nipmcx noc.

Ubco hs tbc rhebt thic tn stnp> No`c tbc

dc`nrgthno ig`bhoc hs stnppcd ht goont

jc stgrtcd gegho.

Tbc prnlc`t rcamc`ts tbc hodustry jcbhoddc`nrgthno (hodustrhgmhzcd higec vs. tbc

rnigoth` higehogthno). Tbc prnlc`t hs g

`rhthquc na tbc cx`csshvc tcodco`hcs ho nur

`nosuicr umturc.

{4:}




Tbrcc Vhc`cs

\heey @gipjcmm, Phino Khrjy &

Anuod Cmc`trnoh`s

@nmmgjnrgthvc iush`gm nipnshthno

jctwcco rnjnts, trgdhthnogm hostruicots,

god mhvhoe tbhoes, bnuscd ho Qh`tnrhgo

Vgmi Bnusc na tbc Znygm Jntgoh` Egrdco

ho Cdhojureb, wbcrc g iumth-ahoecrcd

rnjnt pmgys g trgdhthnogm @bhocsc dum`hicr

wbhmst go coscijmc na rnjnth` `bhics,

`no`cgmcd jy tbc surrnuodhoe anmhgec. Tbcrnjnts grc scpgrgtc coththcs, bnwcvcr, tbcy

`niiuoh`gtc whtb noc gontbcr, csscothgmmy

pcranrihoe tnectbcr. Tbc rnjnt pcranricrs

grc nodu`tcd jy tbc mhvhoe nregohsis ho

tbc Vgmi Bnusc; gs tbc inhsturc notcot

na tbc snhm `bgoecs smnwmy g``nrdhoe tn

tbc wgtcr hotgkc na tbc pmgot, wbhmst tbc

tcipcrgturc whtbho tbc juhmdhoe amu`tugtcs

g``nrdhoe tn buigo god gohigm invcicot.

Tbc iush` `bgoecs ho rcmgthno tn tbcsc

vgrhgthnos. Tbc hostgmmgthno uscs `ustni-juhmt bgrdwgrc wbh`b inohtnrs inthno

whtbho tbc Vgmi Bnusc tnectbcr whtb g snhm

inhsturc prnjc. Tbc iush` hs pcranricd jy

70 rnjnts. Tbc rnjnts rcg`t tn buigos, jut

tbchr innd gmtcrs whtb tbc pmgots.

{4:}




Ernwtb rcodcrhoe dcvh`c

Dgvhd Jnwco & Zn`bcstcr Grt @cotcr

Jnwco rcgtcs nipmcx s`umpturgm

hostgmmgthnos tbgt uthmhzc tc`bonmney tn

hotcergtc ic`bgoh`gm systcis whtb tbc

ogturgm wnrmd.

Tbc hostgmmgthno hotcrtwhocs tbc nregoh`

whtb tbc ig`bhoc, tn rcgtc g ocw byjrhd

covhrnoicot; cxpmnrhoe bnw tc`bonmney`go gipmhay nur cxpcrhco`c na tbc pbysh`gm

wnrmd. Tbc dcvh`c prndu`cd g 36 annt s`rnmm

na drgwhoes na g pcg pmgot gs ht ercw, tbrhvcd,

whtbcrcd god dhcd nvcr g 0-inotb pcrhnd.

Tbhs systci prnvhdcs mhebt god annd ho tbc

anri na bydrnpnoh` snmuthno anr tbc pmgot.

Tbc pmgot rcg`ts tn tbc dcvh`c jy ernwhoe.

Tbc dcvh`c ho-turo rcg`ts tn tbc pmgot jy

prndu`hoe g rgstcrhzcd hoklct drgwhoe na tbc

pmgot cvcry twcoty-anur bnurs. Gatcr g ocw

drgwhoe hs prndu`cd tbc systci s`rnmms tbcrnmm na pgpcr gpprnxhigtcmy anur ho`bcs sn

g ocw drgwhoe go jc prndu`cd durhoe tbc

ocxt y`mc. Tbhs systci hs gmmnwcd tn ruo

hodcahohtcmy god tbc ahogm nut`nic hs ont

prcdctcrihocd.

{4:}




Jntgoh`gmms

Znj Agmudh, Kgtc Bgrtigo,

& Kgth Mnodno.

Tbc prnlc`t hs auodgicotgmmy gjnut

`niiuoh`gthno jctwcco pmgots god

pcnpmc, cipnwcrhoe jntb jy hovcothoe

ocw gvcoucs na hotcrg`thno. Vmgots

tbgt ihebt ntbcrwhsc jc ocemc`tcd

grc ehvco tbc gjhmhty tn gmm, twcct

god tcxt-icssgec pcnpmc tn rcqucst

gsshstgo`c. Vcnpmc wbn grc uosurcna tbchr gjhmhty tn caac`thvcmy grc anr

ernwhoe tbhoes grc ehvco vhsugm god gurgm

`mucs ushoe `niino buigo ictbnds na

`niiuoh`gthno.

Tbc nrhehogm systci ho :661 cogjmcd

bnusc pmgots tn igkc pbnoc `gmms anr

buigo bcmp. Ubco g pmgot occds wgtcr,

ht `go `gmm g pcrsno god gsk anr cxg`tmy

wbgt ht occds. Ubco pcnpmc pbnoc tbc

pmgots, tbc pmgots nrhcot `gmmcrs tn tbchr

jntgoh`gm `bgrg`tcrhsth`s. Ho nur bheb-pg`cd mhvcs wc scmdni bgvc tbc thic

tn stnp god sicmm tbc amnwcrs, mct gmnoc

wgtcr tbci. Jut wbgt ha tbc pmgots `numd

`gmm us god tcmm us wbgt & wbco tbcy

occdcd ht> Ubgt ha tbcy gssheocd us

tgsks> Unumd tbhs gmtcr nr coegec us>

{40}




Jntgohùs Hotcrg`thùs

Dhsocy Zcscgr`b

Ht hs g tc`bonmney anr dcsheohoe bhebmy

cxprcsshvc hotcrg`thvc pmgots, jntb mhvhoe

god grthah`hgm. Drhvco jy tbc rgphd aushno na

`niputhoe god mhvhoe spg`cs, ht tgkcs hts

hotcrg`thno arni niputhoe dcvh`cs god

pmg`cs ht ho tbc pbysh`gm wnrmd ushoe mhvhoes

pmgots gs go hotcrg`thvc icdhui.

Tbhs hostruicotgthno na mhvhoe pmgots hs

shipmc, ono-hovgshvc, god dncs ont dgigectbc pmgots. Ht rcquhrcs nomy g shoemc whrc

pmg`cd goywbcrc ho tbc pmgot snhm. Ht gmmnws

anr rh`b god cxprcsshvc hotcrg thno whtb

pmgots, ecsturcs su`b gs smhdhoe ahoecrs no

tbc stci na tbc nr`bhd, dctc`thoe tnu`b god

ergsp mn`gthno, trg`khoe prnxhihty jctwcco

buigo god g pmgot, god csthigthoe tbc

ginuot na tnu`b `notg`t, ginoe ntbcrs.

Jntgohùs Hotcrg`thùs tc`bonmney go jc

uscd tn dcsheo bhebmy hotcrg`thvc rcspnoshvc

covhrnoicots jgscd no pmgots; dcvcmnphoe

ocw anris na nregoh`, mhvhoe hotcrg`thno

dcvh`cs gs wcmm gs rcgthoe nregoh` gijhcot

god pcrvgshvc hotcrag`cs.

{44}




Annd Vrnjc

Vbhmhps Dcsheo

‒Annd Vrnjc‘ tbgt mnnks gt urrcot sn`hgm

trcods god bnw tbhs igy gaac`t tbc wgy tbgt

pcnpmc whmm cgt ho tbc auturc — god bnw tbhs

whmm igohacst ho dcsheo. Tbc hovcsthegthno

ho`mudcs tbrcc pgrts< g scma-`notghocd agri

anr tbc kht`bco, g outrhthno agri god g bheb-

tc`b nnkhoe dcvh`c.

”Bnic Agrihoe’ hs greugjmy tbc inst

hotcrcsthoe pgrt na tbhs hovcsthegthno. Tbcuoht hs g scma-`notghocd god scma-rcmhgot

annd ernwhoe uoht tbgt uscs tbc systci na

gqugpnoh`s. Hts gjhoct-mhkc sbgpc notghos

rnni anr ‒sbcmvcs‘ anr pmgothoe vcectgjmc

god bcrjs, god g jnttni mcvcm anr ahsb,

igkhoe tbhs tc`b-egrdcohoe dcvh`c rcgdy

tn aht souemy hotn goy bnic god g pnsshjmc

rcpmg`cicot anr hts jg`kygrd vcrshno.

Vbhmhps Dcsheo bgs rc`neohzcd tbgt tbc rc-

stru`turhoe tbc wgy wc ernw god nosuic

annd nvcr tbc ocxt 73-:6 ycgrs hs g scrhnus

noc, god whtb tbchr Annd Vrnjc, bgvc

prcscotcd us whtb g tbrcc-prnoecd gpprng b

tn annd systcis na tbc auturc.

{43}




Onhsy Lcmmy

Zgpbgëm pmuvhogec & Igrhgooc

@guvgrd gt M‘Cos`h Mcs gtcmhcrs

Onhsy lcmmy hs g egic wbcrc tbc pmgycr bgs

tn `nnk god sbgpc bhs nwo iush`gm igtcrhgm,

jgscd no nmnurcd lcmmy. Uhtb tbhs onhsy

`bcihstry mgj, tbc egicr whmm `rcgtc tbchr

hodhvhdugm lcmmy whtb wgtcr god g acw ergis

na gegr-gegr pnwdcr. Gatcr gddhoe dhaacrcot

`nmnurs, tbc ihxturc hs tbco pnurcd ho tbc

inumds. 76 iho mgtcr, tbc lcmmy hs sct godtbc sbgpc go tbco jc pmg`cd no tbc egic

jngrd. Jy tnu`bhoe tbc sbgpc, tbc egicr

whmm g`thvgtc dhaacrcot snuods. Tc`boh`gmmy,

tbc egic jngrd hs g gpg`hthvc scosnr

god tbc vgrhgthnos na tbc sbgpc, tbchr

sgmt no`cotrgthno, tbc dhstgo`c god tbc

strcoetb na tbc ahoecr notg`t, grc dctc`tcd

god trgosanricd hotn go gudhn sheogm. Tbhs

njlc`thvc wgs tn dcinostrgtc tbgt cmc`trnoh`

hotcrag`cs go bgvc g ocw gcstbcth` god

`go jc covhsgecd gs g igmmcgjmc igtcrhgm;tbgt go jc igohpumgtcd god cxpcrhicotcd

tbrnueb crtgho vgrhgjmc prnpcrthcs.

Tbhs prnlc`t wgs g aummy wnrkhoe prntntypc

igdc whtb Grduhon god Igx/ Isp, whtb mhvc

ecocrgthvc snuod.

{41}




3@no`cpts & cxpcrhicots

Hohthgm `no`cpts &cxpcrhicots

3.7 Dhoocr Tgjmc

3.: Vmgots gs Hotcrag`cs

3.0 Annd gs Hotcrag`cs




3.7 Dhoocr tgjmc

Njlc`ts mhkc tgjmcs grc dhaacrcot arni goy ntbcr

iumthindgm grtcag`ts ehvco tbc hipnrtgo`c na

tbchr prg`th`gm auo`thno. Tn g mgrec cxtcot g tgjmc

hs dcahocd jy hts gjhmhty tn scrvc gs g surag`c

na vgryhoe cmcvgthno na buigo hotcrg`thno god

g`thvhthcs, god anr `grryhoe njlc`ts. Ho tbhs wgy

`niiuoh`gthno hs ont tbc prhigry auo`thno na

tgjmcs. Bnwcvcr, tbgt hs ont tn sgy tbgt tgjmcs

grc ont scihnth`. Tgjmcs grc iumthindgm god

scihnth` grtcag`ts. [40Y

G dhohoe tgjmc gmmnws buigos tn jc scgtcd gttbci whtb koccs uodcrocgtb tbc tgjmc. Tbcy

gmmnw anr g inrc hotcosc rcmgthno jctwcco

buigos god tbc tgjmc. Tbc pntcothgm anr

Buigo ‐ Tgjmc hotcrg`thvhty go jc prcscotcd

gs g ouijcr na pnsshjmc `bnh`cs dcpcodhoe no

hovnmvcicot, bhcrgr`by god sn`hgm dhstgo`c.

Tbc mgrecr tbc tgjmc tnp< tbc mnoecr tbc pbysh`gm

god syijnmh` dhstgo`c jctwcco tbc pcnpmc

surrnuodhoe tbc tgjmc.

Gs stgtcd ho g `gsc study na HKCG tgjmcs< G

rnuod tgjmc dncs ont dhsthoeuhsb jctwcco

bhebcr hovnmvcicot god dctg`bicot ho su`b

go njvhnus wgy god gmmnws anr hovnmvcicot

jctwcco mgecr ouijcr na pcnpmc [44Y. Tbus

kccphoe tbhs ho ihod, anr tbc `no`cptugm

prntntypc g rnuod tgjmc hs dcvcmnpcd whtb

iumth-tnu`b scoshoe `gpgjhmhthcs.

Tbc tgjmc surag`c hs nostru`tcd ho twn mgycrs,

tbc tnp hs g ono nodu`thvc mgycr god tbc

jnttni hs g nodu`thvc mgycr anricd jy g ictgmsbcct. Tbcy tnectbcr wnumd g`t gs g gpg`htgo`c

scoshoe dcvh`c. Uhtb tbc bcmp na `ustnihzcd

cmc`trnoh`s god ndc, tbc tgjmc dctc`ts tbc

ouijcr na ahoecrs pmg`cd god tbc prcssurc

gppmhcd no tbc surag`c na tbc tgjmc. Cg`b tnu`b

hotcrg`thno hs rcmgycd gs rcgdhoes arni tbc

ih`rn-`notrnmmcr. Qhsugms wcrc put hotn pmg`c tn

hotcrprct tbc rcgdhoes ho g shipmcr agsbhno. Tbc

tgjmc tnp hs uscd anr prnlc`thno na `notcot.

Tbc g`thvhthcs tbgt wc pcranri dghmy grnuod

tbc dhohoe tgjmc mhkc shtthoe, ph`khoe up g

spnno, cgthoe, sbgrhoe ct`. wcrc hotcodcd gs

hotcrg`thnos wbh`b go bgvc g icdhgtcd nutput.

Tbc notcot anr tbc nutput `go jc igppcd god

prnlc`tcd no tn tbc surag`c na tbc tgjmc wbhmc

annd hs `nosuicd.

Tbc tgjmc hs go hipnrtgot `umturgm grtcag`t ho tbc

g`t ”tn cgt’. Ho tbc hdcgmhsth` shtugthno tbc tgjmc

`go g`t gs g scma sustghohoe gqugpnoh` stru`turc.

Ht whmm suppnrt pmgot god gqugth` mhac wbh`b `gojc`nic pgrt na tbc annd `bgho na tbc pcrsno.

Bcrjs, vcectgjmcs go jc ernwo gmnoe shdc whtb

ahsbcs. Tbcy bcmp ho prnvhdhoe cg`b ntbcr whtb

tbc occdcd outrhcots god nxyeco tn survhvc.

Tbc surag`c na tbc tgjmc whmm naacr hiicdhgtc

vgmuc god tbc pmgots/ ahsbcs whmm sueecst

`notcipmgthno vgmuc. Tbc tgjmc‘s hotcot hs tn

inthvgtc pcnpmc suj`nos`hnusmy god ernw tbchr

annd tn mhvc g sustghogjmc mn`gvnrc mhacstymc.

[40Y, [44Y Jlñrkvgmm, Godcrs. :668. Vrg`th`gm Auo`thno god Icgohoe< G gsc study na HKCG tgjmcs,

Ho<Tbc Znutmcdec Bgodjnnk na Iumthindgm Gogmyshs. Mnodno & Ocw Xnrk< Znutmcdec. pp< :4:-:3:

Hohthgm `no`cpts & cxpcrhicots




Vrnpnscd

hotcrg`thnos

• Pht

• Tnu`b tgjmc• Tnu`b pmgots

• Tnu`b pmgtc

• Vh`k spnno

• Vh`k anrk

• Picmm

• Cgt / tgstc

• Pbgrc

{45}




Cxpcrhicotgthno

Vnmystyrcoc 0ii sbcct nut na wbh`b :at dhgictcr hr`mc wgs igdc, uodcr tbgt tbc sgic shzc

gmuihohui hr`umgr pmgtc ahttcd tn `gusc tbc pbconicog na gpg`htgo`c. Ht numd dctc`t tbc ouijcr

na ahoecrs pmg`cd god tbc prcssurc gppmhcd.

{42}




{48}




3.: Vmgots gs hotcrag`cs

Inst annd bgs hts nrheho ho pmgots. Igoy pmgots

nr pmgot pgrts grc cgtco gs annd; cvco gohigms

tbgt grc uscd gs annd snur`cs grc rghscd jy

accdhoe tbci annd dcrhvcd arni pmgots.

Tbcrc grc grnuod :,666 pmgot spc`hcs wbh`b

grc umthvgtcd anr annd, god igoy bgvc scvcrgm

dhstho`t umthvgrs. @crcgm ergho hs g stgpmc annd

tbgt prnvhdcs inrc annd cocrey wnrmdwhdc

tbgo goy ntbcr typc na rnp. Ighzc, wbcgt, god

rh`c, ho gmm na tbchr vgrhcthcs, g``nuot anr 25% na

gmm ergho prndu`thno wnrmdwhdc. [43Y

Aruhts igkc up g sheohah`got pgrt na tbc dhcts na

inst `umturcs. Pnic jntgoh`gm aruhts, su`b gs

tnigtncs, puipkhos, god ceepmgots, grc cgtco

gs vcectgjmcs. Qcectgjmcs grc g sc`nod typc na

pmgot igttcr tbgt hs `niinomy cgtco gs annd.

Tbcsc ho`mudc rnnts, jumjs, mcga vcectgjmcs,

stci vcectgjmcs , god hoamnrcs`co`c vcectgjmcs.

Ho`nrpnrgthoe pmgots hotn tbc study na `no`cro

gppcgrs hocvhtgjmc, duc tn tbc uodcrmyhoe

ag`t na pmgots jchoe go hipnrtgot pgrt na nur

annd systci. Bnwcvcr tbcrc wgs g occd tn

`rcgtc g wgy tn igkc tbci inrc cxprcsshvc

god rcmgtgjmc ushoe ujhquhtnus tc`bonmnehcs

prcscot grnuod us. Aurtbcr dcvcmnpicot na tbc

hdcg tnnk pmg`c jy hipgrthoe pmgot whtb buigo

`bgrg`tcrhsth`s god cinthnos ho g rcspnosc tn

qugothtgthvc/ qugmhtgthvc hoputs. Tbc no`cpts

god cxpcrhicots mcgd tn pmgots jc`nihoeiumthtnu`b nr iumthindgm hotcrag`cs anr buigo

hotcrg`thnos. Tbcsc go gmsn jc cxprcsscd gs

”Mhvhoe hotcrag`cs’[41Y.


{36}




Mhvhoe Hotcrag`cs

Ho tbc rc`cot ycgrs, dhaacrcot prnlc`ts

bgvc anmmnwcd tbhs vhshno. Anr hostgo`c,

tbc (Ho)Pc`urhty @gicrg [45Y hs g sby

survchmmgo`c gicrg tbgt gvnhds

cyc notg`t, god wgs dcsheocd gs g

stgtcicot na sn`hgm `rhth`hsi (rgtbcr

tbgo go cxpmnrgthno na gaac`thvc B@H).

Ogjgztge [42Y ehvcs hoanrigthno gjnut

wcgtbcr, stn`k igrkct, ghr qugmhty, rngd

trgaah`, cighm, ct`. ho vgrhnus wgys,ho`mudhoe (cgr) pnsturc, mhebt god

snuod ‐ gs nppnscd tn tbc gppmhgo`c

prnpnscd ho tbhs pgpcr tbgt rcmhcs nomy

no ono-vcrjgm niiuoh`gthno god

rcdu`cd auo`thnogmhty. Aurtbcrinrc,

Muxgmhvc [48Y sbnumd jc icothnocd, g

rcgdhoe mgip tbgt invcs ho rcmgthno tn

tbc uscr‘s pcrsnogmhty god innd.

[43Y Uhkhpcdhg< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Annd[41Y Cvg Jurocmcht, Agjhgo Bciicrt god Zctn Ucttg`b, Mhvhoe

Hotcrg`cs< Tc Hipgthcot ngstcrVrn`ccdhoes n tbc Thrd Hotcrogthnogm @nocrco`c no goehjmc god

Cijcddcd Hotcrg`thno (CH‘68), Acj 71-72 :668, @gijrhdec, SK[45Y P. Zuzgokg, J. @. god D. Ptrgknvsky, (ho)sc`urhty `gicrg.

Gvghmgjmc gt< bttp<//www.vhtgerrm.`ni/grt;[42Y Qhnmct, Ogjgztge. Gvghmgjmc gt< bttp<//www.ogjgztge.`ni.

[48Y Z. \nnotlcs, Muxgmhvc. Gvghmgjmc gt< bttp<//znnotlcos.jmnespnt.`ni/:665/65/muxgmhvcbuigo-vgmucs-ho-hotcrg`thno.btim.

{37} Iumthindgm Hotcrg`thnos< Hoput - Nutput




{30} Vmgots gs mhvhoe hotcrag`cs god wbcrc tbcy go anri g nooc`thno tn buigos.




{30} Vmgot Hotcrg`thnos god tc`bonmney tbgt go jc uscd.




7) Tn `urgtc g tnigtn

Tbc hostgmmgthno hs jgscd grnuod tbc hdcg

na cxhstco`c god prcsco`c. Tbc twn go jc

`bgrg`tcrhzcd dhaacrcotmy jy pcnpmc. Tbhoes

cxhst jut tbchr prcsco`c hs ont acmt god tbc

ougo`cs na mhac `go jc ihsscd nut ho tbc

bypcr-icdhgtcd crg tbgt wc mhvc ho. Tnigtn

hs tgkco gs tbc sujlc`t na hotcrcst gs ht hs

noc na tbc whdcmy uscd aruhts (ihstgkco gs g

vcectgjmc) ho nur cvcrydgy annd.

G mhvhoe, ernwhoe tnigtn pmgot hs inuotcd

notn g wgmm, wbh`b hs ont hts ogturgm pcr`chvcdcovhrnoicot. Tbc pmgot hs hoacstcd whtb thoy

ic`bgohzcd pyeiy mhkc rcgturcs. Tbcy pnp

nut nr bhdc g``nrdhoe tn pcnpmc‘s g`thnos.

Tbc jcbgvhnur na tbc rcgturcs hs igppcd tn

prnpnscd hotcrg`thnos wbh`b grc prcsco`c,

spcc`b, wbhstmc, shoe, sbnut, tnu`b god pmu`k.

Ubco tbc pyeihcs dno‘t scosc g`thvhty

grnuod tbci tbcy `nic nut na bhdhoe god

`urgtc tbc pmgot. Mnud onhscs god tnu`b go

igkc tbci dhsgppcgr. Tbc uscr go shoe tn

tbci nr spcgk snatmy tn inthvgtc tbci tn

smnwmy gppcgr jg`k. Tbc sujtmc invcicots

durhoe tbc g`t sheogmhzc g`thvhty god mhac.

Mhac mhkc invcicots, sueecst syipgtby god

pcr`chvcd utcocss na go njlc`t. Tbc hotcot

hs tn ect pcnpmc hovnmvcd god wgt`b tbc

pcranrigo`c na tbcsc mhttmc rcgturcs.

Tbc hdcg na hoacstgthno hs uscd tn hosthegtc

pcnpmc‘s rcspnosc. Igkhoe tbci tbhok

na tbcsc `rcgturcs gs hosc`ts. Jut ht hs g

stgtcicot tnwgrds tbc mhvcs na agricrs. Ubn,

mhkc hosc`ts grc hovhshjmc jchoes ho njmhvhno

pcranrihoe tbchr rcspnoshjhmhthcs, gaac`tcd jy

tbc bnh`cs igdc jy tbc nosuicrs.




Vrnpnscd

hotcrg`thnos

• Vrcsco`c

• Ppcgk

• Ubhstmc

• Phoe

• Pbnut

• Tnu`b

• Vmu`k

{34}




:) Gurgm pbyshs

‒Vbyshs‘ hs g Ercck wnrd wbh`b

trgosmgtcs tn coemhsb gs ‒Ogturc.‘

Ht hs tbc prho`hpmc na ernwtb nr

`bgoec ho ogturc. [36Y

Zgphd aushnos na `niputhoe god dwcmmhoe

spg`cs, gs wcmm gs tbc ho`rcgshoemy tg`thmc god

ecsturgm ogturc na hotcrg`thnos whtb dhehtgm

dcvh`cs g`t gs inthvgthno anr tbc anmmnwhoe

cxpmnrgthnos. Ha g jrngd vgrhcty na njlc`ts ho

mhvhoe, sn`hgm god wnrkhoe spg`cs grc igdc

gwgrc god rcspnoshvc tn buigo prcsco`c,

tnu`b god ecsturc; wbgt whmm jc tbc nut`nic>

Ho tbc scrhcs na cxpcrhicotgthno whtb mhvhoe

pmgots, ujhquhtnus tc`bonmney hs uscd. Vmgots

wcrc trgosanricd gs bhebmy cxprcsshvc god

hotcrg`thvc uscr hotcrag cs. Tbc prntntypcs

usc ustnihzcd cmc`trnoh`s god niputhoe

whtb mhvhoe amnrg. Tbc nut`nic hs go

hotcrg`thno pmgtanri tbgt tgkcs hotcrg`thnos

arni tbc pbysh`gm tn g dhehtgm covhrnoicot.

Tbc tc`bonmney uscd bgs g ouijcr na uohquc

prnpcrthcs. Tbhs hostruicotgthno na pmgots hs

shipmc, ono-hovgshvc, god dncs ont dgigec

tbc pmgots. Ht rcquhrcs nomy g shoemc whrc

pmg`cd goywbcrc ho tbc snhm. Tbc hotcrg`thno

whtb pmgot encs jcynod shipmc tnu`b god

gmmnws rh`b ecsturgm hotcrg`thno. Cxgipmcs

ho`mudc smhdhoe ahoecrs no tbc stci nr mcga,

dctc`thoe tnu`b god ergsp mn`gthno, trg`khoe

prnxhihty, god csthigthoe tbc ginuot na

prcssurc no tnu`b.

G jrngd rgoec na gppmh`gthnos grc pnsshjmc

whtb tbc dcvcmnpcd tc`bonmney, dcsheohoe

hotcrg`thvc rcspnoshvc covhrnoicots god ocw

anris na mhvhoe hotcrg`thno dcvh`cs gs wcmm gs

dcvcmnphoe nregoh` gijhcot god pcrvgshvc

hotcrag`cs.

{33} Ahrst no`cptugm prntntypc, mcgdhoe tn cxpcrhicots whtb tnu`b god snuod.[36Y Vbyshs :677. [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Vbyshs




Cxpcrhicotgthno

(g) Tnu`b whtb vhsugm nutput

Tbc vhsugms wcrc igppcd tn dhaacrcot tnu`b hotcrg`thnos.

{35}{31}




(j) Tnu`b whtb snuod gs nutput

Dhaacrcot hotcrg`thnos su`b gs pnshthno na

tnu`b wcrc igppcd tn dhaacrcot snoes.

{38}

{32}

{32}, {38} Unrkhoe prntntypc, cxpcrhicots whtb

tnu`b, iush` god snuods. Sshoe gpg`hthvc scoshoe.




(`) Tnu`b whtb twccts gs nutput

Tnu`b god prcssurc gs hoputs wcrc uscd anr

scodhoe twhttcr icssgecs no hotcroct.

Phihmgr cxpcrhicot hs `grrhcd nut whtb tbc pmgot.

{16}

{17}

{1:}




0) Unribnmcs

G wnribnmc, gmsn konwo gs go Chostcho-Znsco

Jrhdec hs g bypntbcth`gm tnpnmneh`gm acgturc

na spg`cthic tbgt wnumd jc, auodgicotgmmy,

g ”sbnrt`ut’ tbrnueb spg`cthic[37Y. Ho ntbcr

wnrds g jmg`k bnmc, tbrnueb wbh`b tbhoes

`numd trgvcm arni jntb tbc shdcs.

Tbc sueecstcd pghr hs dcsheocd mhkc g pnrtgm

hotn gontbcr dhicoshno. Ehvhoe tbc uscr

g``css tn tbc uoscco wnrmd, tn cgvcsdrnp no

wbgt hs bgppcohoe no tbc ntbcr shdc. Tbcy g`t

gs niiuoh`gthno dcvh`cs tn tbc ntbcr rcgmi.Tbcy grc g scodcr-rc`chvcr pghr ho tbc pbysh`gm

wnrmd. Tbc icdhui uscd ho tbhs cxpcrhicot

wcrc mhvhoe trccs. Ha noc numd higehoc tbgt tbc

trccs g`tcd gs nooc`tnrs tn dhaacrcot pmg`cs

ho tbc wnrmd, tbcy wnumd jc gjmc tn trgosiht

vnh`cs arni noc cod tn tbc ntbcr.

Tndgy tbc wnrmd hs ho tbc gec na trgosihsshno

wbcrc cvcrytbhoe hs dhscijndhcd god hs

ectthoe rcdu`cd tn g sheogm. Tbc pg`c na tbc

wnrmd hs ho`rcgshoe whtb gdvgo`cicot ho

tc`bonmney god ht sccis tbc dhstgo`cs grc

jc`nihoe sigmmcr. Ubcrcgs tbc pbysh`gmhty

god tbc nmd wnrmd `bgri na tgoehjmc njlc`ts hs

ectthoe mnst.

Tbc uodcrmyhoe hdcg hs tn igkc tbc trcc mhkc

g trgosihttcr god g rc`chvcr whtb tbc gjhmhty

tn scod god rc`chvc vnh`cs. Go hodhvhdugm

wnumd spcgk hotn tbc wnribnmc arni noc

cod ont konwhoe ha sbc wnumd ect g rcpmy. Ha

sbc dncs ect g rcpmy, sbc wnumd wgot tn konw

wbn hs sbc tgmkhoe tn god wbcrc hs tbc pcrsno

mn`gtcd. Tbc dcvh`c go gmsn g`t gs g pgsshvc

`bgoocm, lust rcmgyhoe g`thvhty arni tbc ntbcr

cod. Tbc g`t wnumd igkc pcnpmc hoquhshthvc

tn konw gjnut tbc onhsc jchoe rcmgycd. Tbc

purpnsc na tbc `niiuoh`gthno hs tn trgosacr g

pcrsno‘s tgoehjmc prcsco`c hotn ntbcr pcrsno‘s

covhrnoicot, tbrnueb wbh`b tbcy go dcvh`c

ocw wgys tn pmgy, niiuoh`gtc god sbgrc.

Ha tbcrc grc g ouijcr na su`b dcvh`cs no trccs

g`rnss tbc wnrmd, ho dhaacrcot nothocots,

`hthcs god pmg`cs. Jy tbc cod ynu wnumd

ont konw wbcrc tbc vnh`c hs `nihoe arni

god wbn hs ht enhoe tn. Ht wnumd jc mhkc go

g`thvc nooc`thno jctwcco dhaacrcot pmg`cs

`ncxhsthoe ho tbc sgic wnrmd.

Tbc dcvcmnpcd mnw ahdcmhty prntntypc uscs

tbc hotcroct nooc`thvhty, Jmuctnntb spcgkcrs,

vnh`c nvcr HV god g mgptnp. Tbc uoht `go

jc`nic scma sustghohoe whtb go hotcergtcd

`bhp tbgt wnumd bgvc tbc gpgjhmhthcs na g

`niputcr tn dn tbc occdaum.

{10}

[37Y Unribnmc :67:. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Unribnmc




{10}

{14}

{10} Unrkhoe prntntypc, anris g vnh`c `nooc`thno jctwcco twn pnhots,

pcnpmc hotcrg`t whtb cg`b ntbcr tbrnueb trccs.




4) Zcmgyhoe cxhstco`cs

Tndgy, igo mcgds g ic`bgohzcd mhac,

surrnuodcd jy ig`bhocs, bc bgs anrenttco

tn bgmt god njscrvc bhs nwo spg`c god

surrnuodhoes. Bc tcods tn nvcrmnnk tbc

shipmc ougo`cs ho mhac. Vmgots grc pgrt na nur

covhrnoicot jut tbchr cxhstco`c hs pgsshvc gs

mhvhoe nregohsis. Vgsshoe uodcr g trcc whtbnut

tgkhoe onth`c hs g dghmy g`thvhty. Tbc bgmmcoec

hs tn hosthegtc g rcspnosc arni tbc usugm

jystgodcr tn tgkc onth`c na tbc jcguthaum trcc.

Ht hs go gttcipt tn igkc pcnpmc inrc gwgrc na

tbchr covhrnoicot, tn wbh`b tbcy bgvc jc`nic

uonjscrvgot. Tn igkc tbhoes, jc ht pcr`cpthjmc

nr tgoehjmc, vhshjmc tn tbc gsugm pgsscrjy

wbh`b hs on mnoecr na vgmuc tn bhi. @bgoehoe

go hodhvhdugm‘s nutmnnk hs tbc hotcothno.

Tbc hohthgthvc hs tn igkc g trcc inrc

cxprcsshvc, ont jy gmtcrhoe hts ogturgm anri jut

jy cobgo`hoe hts prcsco`c. Mctthoe tbc trcc

jmcod hotn tbc jg`kdrnp jut prnvhdc g pmgyaum,

cx`hthoe, tgoehjmc god ono-vcrjgm nooc`thno

tn tbc buigo jchoe hovnmvcd ho tbc hotcrg`thno.Tbc niiuoh`gthno hs tn `novcy tbc trcc‘s

tgoehjmc prcsco`c tn tbc pcrsno tbrnueb tbc

cmcicot na surprhsc. Tbc hotcrg`thno `bnsco

hs tbc g`t na agmmhoe aruht, wbh`b hs g ogturgm

pbconicono. Gs tbc hodhvhdugm pgsscs

uodcr tbc trcc g aruht agmms dnwo. Tbc pcrsno

`go `bnnsc tn tgkc tbc aruht nr tbc aruht whmm

rnmm jg`k no tn tbc trcc gatcr g wbhmc. Tbc

hostgmmgthno `go jc g ouijcr na trccs bgvhoe

shihmgr rcspnosc, pmg`cd ho go nr`bgrd nr

goy dgy-tn-dgy s`cogrhn. Tbc hotcrg`thnos

bco`canrtb go dcvh`c ocw wgys tn coegec god

pmgy whtb nur surrnuodhoes. Tbc `no`mushno

na tbc hostgmmgthno whmm jc mcat gjstrg`t anr tbc

pcrsno tn igkc bhs/ bcr nwo icgohoe.

{13}




{11}




3) @bgtty pmgotcrs

Tbc cxpmnrgthno hs dnoc no tbc sgic nutmhoc

gs tbc gjnvc icothnocd scrhcs na prntntypcs.

Tbc dhstho`thno hs tbc uscr ernup tgrectcd.

Ht hs anr ynuoe khds arni tbc gec ernup na

0 tn 3 ycgrs. Gt tbhs gec tbc khds stgrt tn

mcgro gjnut `nmnrs, ouijcrs, dhaacrcot aruhts

god vcectgjmcs. Ht hs jgscd no tbc prg`th`c

na pmgy, wbh`b hs hipnrtgot anr mcgrohoe gt

tbhs ynuoe gec. Ht hs gmsn hoamuco`cd jy tbc

Vsy`bnmney na Amnw wbh`b hs go hipnrtgot

pbgsc na mcgrohoe god dnhoe.

Tbc prntntypc hs igdc ho tbc anri na g

pmgotcr, whtb dhaacrcot aruhts god vcectgjmcs.

Tbc aruhts god vcectgjmcs grc ho tbc anri

na stuaacd pmgot sheos. Vmgot sheos grc put

ho pmgotcrs tn hodh`gtc tbc sccd tbgt bgs

jcco snwcd ho tbc pnt. Tbcsc hotcrg`thvc

pmgot sheos `nic tn mhac wbco pmgotcd ho

tbc pmgotcr. Hodhvhdugm aruht nr vcectgjmc hs

hipgrtcd whtb g spc`hah` bgrg`tcr. Tbcsc grc

tbco trgosanricd hotn g ogrrgthvc stru`turc

whtb dhgmneucs.

Tbc hotcrg`thno hodh`gtcs tbc g`t na pmgothoe

god ergthah`gthno. Ubco g tnigtn hs pmgotcd

tbc tnigtn whmm tgmk jg`k tn tbc `bhmd whtb

hoanrigthno. Tbc rcmgycd notcot whmm

jc tbc khod na pmgot, tbc `nmnur na aruht,

`mgsshah`gthno god snic auo ag`ts. Ubco g

sc`nod pmgot hs pmgotcd hotn tbc pmgotcr g

sbnrt dhgmneuc bgppcos jctwcco tbc twn

pmgots. Tbc novcrsgthno whmm jc arni dghmy

mhac; anr cxgipmc bnw tbc twn grc rcmgtcd nr

uscd ho cvcrydgy annd.

Tbc hotcot na tbc `no`cpt hs tn hotrndu`c

`bhmdrco tn tbc hdcg na pmgothoe. Ehvhoe

tbci konwmcdec gjnut nur dgy-tn-dgy annd

grrhvhoe arni pmgots, bnw tbcy grc ernwo god

wbcrc tbcy nic arni. Tbc bhmdrco go jc

tguebt tbc hdcg na ”ernwhoe ynur nwo annd’.Pn tbgt wbco tbcy ernw up tbcy go mhvc g

inrc sustghogjmc mhacstymc.

{15}




{12}




3.0 Annd gs hotcrag`cs

Gs tgmkcd gjnut cgrmhcr, tbc cipbgshs thmm

onw bgd jcco no pmgots gs tbcy anri go

hotcergm pgrt na nur dhct. Vmgots wcrc uscd

gs cxprcsshvc hotcrag`cs, tn igkc pcnpmc

inrc pcr`cpthvc tnwgrds tbchr cxhstco`c.

Mhvhoe hotcrag`cs tbcnry wgs uscd gs

go uodcrmyhoe hoamuco`c. Tbnuebts god

`no`cpts prnercsscd gt cg`b stcp whtb

dhaacrcot cxpmnrgthnos durhoe tbc nursc

na tbc vcoturc. Anr prnna na `no`cpts

cxpcrhicotgthno whtb tc`bonmney pmgycd g

vhtgm rnmc ho prntntyphoe.

Tbc an`us na tbc hovcsthegthno onw, sbhatcd

tnwgrds tbc wbnmcocss na annd. Igkhoe

pcnpmc uodcrstgod tbc hipnrtgo`c na tbc

khod na annd tbgt tbcy put ho tbchr jndy

gmsn niiuoh`gthoe gmm tbc ag`tnrs tbgt

hoamuco`c ht. Tbc njlc`thvc onw wgs tn

usc dghmy annd htcis gs g icdhui tn rcmgy

pnheogot hoanrigthno. Ha ynur annd bgd g

vnh`c, wbgt wnumd ht hotcod tn tcmm ynu>

Unumd ht tcmm ynu hts stnry>

Annd wgs trgosanricd hotn ”cdhjmc

hotcrag`cs’ tn novcy hoanrigthno god igkc

pcnpmc hotcrcstcd god gwgrc. Sjhquhtnus

tc`bonmnehcs na nur urrcot mhacstymc wcrc

cipmnycd tn anri tbc hotcrg`thnos whtbtbc cdhjmc hotcrag`cs. Tbc cdhjmc hotcrag`cs

whmm novcy tbc hdcgs, jy dhaacrcot cvcrydgy

hotcrg`thnos tbgt wc usugmmy pcranri. Ht

`numd jc tbrnueb bgrvcsthoe, nnkhoe,

cgthoe nr enhoe tn tbc tnhmct gatcrwgrds.

Buodrcds na ycgrs gen, tbc Bhodu

s`rhpturcs ”Spgohsbgds’ wcrc

gmrcgdy icothnohoe ‒Xnu grc wbgt

ynu cgt‘, god ho Curnpc, ho 72:1,

Gotbcmic Jrhmmgt-Pgvgrho wrntc, ho

Vbyshnmnehc du Enût, nu Ièdhtgthnos

dc Egstrnonihc Trgos`codgotc<

‒Dhs-inh `c quc tu igoecs, lc tc dhrgh

`c quc tu cs.‘ ”Tcmm ic wbgt ynu cgt

god H whmm tcmm ynu wbgt ynu grc’[3:Y

.Gs tbc hdcgs uodcrwcot cvnmuthno,

tbc prnlc`t stgrtcd tn tgkc g dhaacrcot

dhrc`thno god tbhs quntc jc`gic go

hosphrgthno anr tbc wnrk tbgt anmmnwcd.


[3:Y Bgrrhs Vgtrh`hg, Myno Dgvhd. Tc icgohoe n nnd




”Ha inrc na us vgmucd

annd god `bccr god snoe

gjnvc bngrdcd enmd, ht wnumd jc

g icrrhcr wnrmd.’

L.Z.Z. Tnmkhco




7) @rnnoannd

Ht hs go cxpmnrgthno whtb annd god snuod.

Dhstho`t tuocs grc pmgycd g``nrdhoe tn tbc

khod na cgtgjmcs ho ynur pmgtc. Tbc prndu`thno

na iush` tgkcs pmg`c tbrnueb g sigrt

bgodbcmd dcvh`c. Tbc bgodbcmd egdect hs

igdc nut na ustnihzcd cmc`trnoh`s god

g`ts gs g annd s`goocr. Ht bgs tbc gjhmhty tn

s`go ynur annd god ecocrgtc iush`gm ontcs

g``nrdhoemy.

Tbc annd no ynur pmgtc g`ts gs go hoput tn

prndu`c iush`. Ecocrgtcd iush` arni annd hsjgscd no tbc tbnuebt; ha annd bgd tbc gjhmhty

tn tgmk tn ynu, wbgt wnumd ht sgy> Unumd ht

shoe> Igyjc ht wnumd shoe nr spcgk ho g ecotmc

iuriurhoe tnoc; `rnnohoe hts wgy tn ynur

stnig`b god bcgrt.

Cgthoe hs iumthscosnry ho ogturc god tbc

dcvh`c cobgo`cs tbc scosnrhgm bcgrhoe gspc`t

na ynur annd, tbrnueb prndu`hoe snuods.

Ht cobgo`cs tbc cxpcrhco`c grnuod annd

god na cgthoe. Cvcry snuod mhp prndu`cd

whmm jc spc`hah` tn tbc ogturc na tbc annd no

ynur pmgtc. Vgrth`umgr annd htcis whmm bgvc

spc`hah` snuods; ht whmm dcpcod no tbc `nmnur,

tbc qugmhty god tbc qugothty. Uhtb aurtbcr

wnrk ht `go bgvc tbc gjhmhty tn dhsthoeuhsb

god dctc`t agst annd sn tbgt ht go prndu`c

`nrrcspnodhoe sbn`khoe snuods.

Tbc dcvh`c whmm gmsn bgvc tbc gjhmhty tn scod

tbc prndu`cd snuod `mhps tn ntbcr pcnpmc,

ushoe shihmgr dcvh`cs nr nvcr sn`hgm icdhg

wcjshtcs. Pn tbgt ntbcr pcnpmc go bcgr

tbc khod na annd ynu grc cgthoe. Ht `go gmsn

bgvc go caac`t no pcnpmc‘s nosuipthno

pgttcros, gs tbcy wnumd rcmgtc crtgho snuods

tn jc ennd god `crtgho snuod tn jc dhrc,`noscqucothgm tn tbc annds tbgt prndu`c ht.

Ht whmm ehvc rhsc tn g suj`nos`hnus cqugthno

na ennd god jgd annds. Tbc no`cptugm

prntntypc anr tbc no`cpt wnrks tbrnueb tbc

usc na g Ucj @gicrg, Jmuctnntb Ppcgkcrs,

Vrn`csshoe (npco snur`c prnergiihoe

mgoeugec) god g @niputcr. Tbc wcj`gi

hs uscd tn dctc`t tbc `nmnurs ho tbc cdhjmcs

no ynur pmgtc tbgt grc tbco syo`brnohzcd tn

dhaacrcot tuocs tbrnueb tbc snatwgrc god

`ustnihzcd ndc. Tbc tuocs whmm ogrrgtctbc `nmnur arcquco`hcs ho tbc anndstuaa; anr

cxgipmc kct`bup whmm bgvc g bhebcr arcquco`y

tbgo vcectgjmc erccos.




{18}




:) Ho Zcamc`thno

Tbc no`cpt rcvnmvcs grnuod tbc hdcg na

rcamc`thno, wbh`b cobgo`cs tbc gpgjhmhty na

pmgy. Vcnpmc mhkc tn pmgy whtb tbchr sbgdnws

god rcamc`thnos. Tbcy wgot tn scc tbciscmvcs

pcranri tbrnueb tbc icgos na rcamc`thno. Ho

rcamc`thno hs g no`cpt tn sheohay ‒Xnu grc wbgt

ynu cgt‘, gs icothnocd ho tbc Hodhgo tcxts

‒Spgohsbgds‘.

Ht go jc hotcrprctcd tbgt annd nosthtutcs us,

juhmds us god igkcs us, sn wc grc anricd jy

tbc khod na annd wc cgt. Jy tcmmhoe wbgt ynu cgtwc go csthigtc wbn ynu grc.

Jy tgkhoe hosphrgthno arni tbc grthst Ehuscppc

Gr`hijnmdn, tbc hotcrprctgthno na tbc

rcamc`thno wgs stru`turcd. Tbc rcamc`thno na tbc

pcrsno hs co`mnscd whtbho g pghothoe mhkc argic,

jut tbc rcamc`thno hs ont strghebtanrwgrd. Tbc

igohpumgtcd rcamc`thno bgs tbc gpgjhmhty

tn niprcbcod hotcrg`thno jctwcco twn

icdhuis. God rcturo tbc hoanrigthno tn

tbc icdhui arni wbh`b ht nrhehogtcs anr

hotcrprctgthno. Zgtbcr tbgo g shipmc rcamc`tcd

surag`c tbc rcamc`thno hs hoamuco`cd jy tbc khod

na annd tbgt `nosthtutcs ynu.

Tbc no`cptugm prntntypc uscs tbc gjhmhthcs

na g wcj`gi tn dctc`t prcsco`c. Ht gpturcs

tbc shmbnucttc god `nmnurs na tbc pcrsno‘s

higec god trgosmgtcs ht hotn g rcamc`thno hotn

tbc ph`turc argic. Ht hs g ecocrgtcd higec,

`nipnscd na dhaacrcot annds, aruhts god

vcectgjmcs. @niputgthnogm gjhmhthcs na tbc

`ndc whmm dcrhvc tbc scmc`thno na tbc annd htcis

tbrnueb dhaacrcot nmnurs. Anr cxgipmc nmnur

rcd go jc anricd jy tnigtncs nr `bcrrhcs

dcpcodhoe no tbc hotcoshty god tnoc na rcd ho

tbc higec. Pn tbc rcamc`tcd shmbnucttc na tbcpcrsno hs g`tugmmy `nipnscd na tnigtncs,

wbcgt ct`.

Tbc tbnuebt `go gmsn `niicot no tbc

`nosuipthno pgttcros na pcnpmc gs tbc higec

anricd go jc tbrnueb tbc hoput na pcnpmc‘s

`bnh`c na annd god annd htcis. Gs higecs grc

inrc pnwcraum tbgo wnrds ht go dcontc ho g

pghothoe tbc khod na `nosuicr `umturc wc mhvc

ho rhebt onw.




{56}




1Hostgmmgthno

dcvcmnpicot1.7 Ppg`c

1.: Zcprcscotgthno & stnry

1.0 @nostru`thno

1.4 Ogvhegthno Amnw1.3 @bgmmcoecs

1.1 Auturc s`npc




Ptnry na tbc Srjgo Annd @bgho

(@bgrg`tcrs, Ictgpbnrs,

Dcsheohoe Hotcrg`thnos,

Tc`bonmney)

Dcsheocrs grc ushoe tbc wbnmc wnrmd tn

`niiuoh`gtc, trgosanrihoe ht hotn g mhvc

stgec anr go hoanrigthno pgrknur god

corh`bhoe nur mhvcs whtb cinthno, dhrc`thno,

dcptb, god arccdni.

Ocw jrgo`bcs na dcsheo prg`th`cs bgvc

cicrecd tbgt nijhoc dcsheo whtb anri,

auo`thno, god icgohoe whtb g an`us no tbc

cx`bgoec na hoanrigthno god cinthno.

Hotcrag`c god hotcrg`thno dcsheo dcmhocgtc

tbc jcbgvhnr na prndu`ts god systcis gs

wcmm gs tbc cxpcrhco`cs tbgt pcnpmc whmm

bgvc whtb tbci. Gmsn ho `rhth`gm dcsheo,

`no`cptugm s`cogrhns grc juhmt grnuod

bypntbcth`gm njlc`ts tn niicot no tbc

sn`hgm, pnmhth`gm, god `umturgm noscquco`csna ocw tc`bonmnehcs god jcbgvhnurs. Tbc

purpnsc na dcsheo bgs sbhatcd arni uthmhty

tnwgrds g inrc bnmhsth` nijhogthno na

purpnsc god icgohoe. Tbus cotcrcd no

hotcrg`thnos, ”H niiuoh`gtc, tbcrcanrc

H gi’ hs tbc dcahohoe gaahrigthno na

`notcipnrgry cxhstco`c. [30Y Njlc`ts god

systcis tbgt wcrc no`c bgrecd nomy whtb

anrigm cmcego`c god auo`thnogm snuodocss

grc onw gmsn cxpc`tcd tn bgvc pcrsnogmhthcs.

@notcipnrgry dcsheocrs onw gmsn iust

drgat tbc s`rhpts tbgt gmmnw pcnpmc god

tbhoes tn dcvcmnp god hiprnvhsc g dhgmneuc.

Tbc hostgmmgthno hs go hoshebt hotn nur urjgo

annd `bgho, no bnw tbc `nosuicrs grc mcat

whtbnut g bnh`c tn bnnsc annd. Cvcrytbhoe

hs notrnmmcd jy nrpnrgthnos, jrgodhoe

god pnmhth`s; drhvco jy gphtgmhsth` ihodsct.

Agricrs grc anr`cd tn gjhdc jy tbchr wbhis

& tc`bonmney nr ect cmhihogtcd. Uc grc mcat

whtb uogoswcrcd qucsthnos, bcgmtb hssucs

god hoamgthno.

Tn hiprnvc tbc qugmhty na mhac, tbc ag`tnrs

wbh`b pmgy phvntgm rnmc ho tbc dghmy annd`bgho bgvc tn jc gogmyzcd god sustghogjhmhty

ho annd prg`th`cs bgs tn jc `noshdcrcd.

Tbc no`cros wcrc rcamc`tcd ho tbc anri na

ictgpbnrs, wbh`b gmmnws spg`c anr rcgthoe

gssn`hgthnos anr goy hodhvhdugm coegehoe

whtb tbc hostgmmgthno. Cijcddcd god tgoehjmc

hotcrg`thno g`t gs tbc icdhuis dhrc`thoe g

tbnuebt prnvnkhoe cxpcrhco`c. Tbc prnlc`t

c`nsystci noshsts na tbc igho ag`tnrs tbgt

grc hovnmvcd ho rcvcgmhoe tbc stnry na tbc

urjgo annd `bgho.

Tbc grt wnrk hs tgoehjmc god cxpmnrgtnry

ho ogturc, dcgmhoe whtb mhvc pmgots, aruhtsgod vcectgjmcs. Sodcrstgodhoe na spg`c

god crenonih`s bcmpcd ho dcahohoe tbc

hotcrg`thnos god rcspnoscs. Uhtb tbc

bcmp na pbysh`gm `niputhoe dcgmhoe whtb

cmc`trnoh`s god ndcs, spc`hah` icdhuis

grc dcvhscd. G ercgt dcgm na wnrk hs put hotn

igkhoe mhvhoe god cdhjmc hotcrag`cs gs tbc

`nooc`thoe pnhots; g mhvc pmgot, g tnigtn ynu

`go ph`k god jhtc hotn, go gppmc wbh`b `go

`niiuoh`gtc jg`k god go nohno wbh`b `go

tgmk wcrc snic na tbc hotcrag`cs tbgt wcrctbnuebt na god put hotn g`thno. Tbc `notcxt

hs cvhdcot tbrnueb spc`hah` bgrg`tcrs

Ahogm @no`cpt

[30Y INIG, cxbhjht< Tgmk tn ic. :67:. [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//www.inig.nre/hotcrg`thvcs/cxbhjhthnos/:677/tgmktnic/njlc`ts/




dcvhscd tbrnueb uodcrstgodhoe na tbc

`no`cros god tbc ictgpbnrs tbgt wcrc drgwo.

Tbc hostgmmgthno cxpmnrcs g ocw tcrrgho tbgt

cobgo`cs niiuoh`gthvc pnsshjhmhthcs god

cijndhcs g ocw jgmgo`c jctwcco tc`bonmney

god pcnpmc, jrhoehoe tc`bonmney dnwo tn g

`nianrtgjmc, uodcrstgodgjmc buigo s`gmc.

Ubctbcr npcomy god g`thvcmy nr ho sujtmc,

sujmhihogm wgys, tbhoes tgmk tn us. Tgoehjmc

god hotgoehjmc, god gt gmm s`gmcs¡ªarni tbc

spnno tn tbc hty, tbc envcroicot, god tbcwcj, god arni juhmdhoes tn `niiuohthcs,

sn`hgm octwnrks, systcis, god grthah`hgm

wnrmds¡ªtbhoes `niiuoh`gtc. Gmm na tbci

dn ont spcgk up< snic usc tcxt, dhgergis,

vhsugm hotcrag`cs, nr cvco s`cot god

tcipcrgturc; ntbcrs lust kccp us `nipgoy

ho cmnqucot shmco`c. Pgic tbnuebt wgs put

wbhmc dcsheohoe tbc hotcrg`thnos anr spc`hah`

`bgrg`tcrs. Gmm na tbci wcrc dhstho`t god

spc`hah` tn tbc novcrsgthno gt bgod, dcsheocd

tn bcmp pcnpmc hotcrprct tbc ictgpbnrs whtbcgsc. Pn gs tn sthiumgtc tbc vhcwcr hotn

suj`nos`hnusmy tbhokhoe gjnut tbc `no`cros.

{57}




Tbc sctthoes `bnsco anr tbc hostgmmgthno

grc grt egmmcrhcs, cxbhjhthnos god pujmh`

spg`cs. Ht bgs tn jc g pmg`c wbh`b whmm bgvc

go hoamnw na dhvcrsc pcnpmc, whtb go npco

ihod. Tbc spg`c pmgys g ru`hgm `nipnocot

ho hovnmvhoe tbc vhcwcr god rcgthoe go

covhrnoicot tn nostruc.

Tbhs khod na spc`hah` spg`c whmm prnvhdc tbc

mhjcrty anr tbc pcnpmc tn coegec god hotcrg`t

whtb tbc hostgmmgthno, ehvhoe tbci thic tn

uodcrstgod tbc uodcrmyhoe sheohah`go`c.Tbc arccdni whmm sthiumgtc g dhgmneuc god

dhs`nursc, whtbho tbc niiuohty tn `rcgtc

nwo icgohoes tn niprcbcod tbc ag`tnrs

hoamuco`hoe tbc urjgo annd `bgho, god gmsn

tbc hipnrtgo`c na wbgt god bnw tbcy

`nosuic gs nosuicrs.

Anr su``css na tbc codcgvnur, hotcrprctgthno

hs vcry hipnrtgot god ht whmm bgppco nomy

wbco tbc hodhvhdugm hs ehvco tbc mhjcrty

tn rcgmhzc tbc hipg`t na tbc dcsheo god

tbnuebt. Anr ht whmm suj`nos`hnusmy gaac`ttbc tbhokhoe na tbc pcrsno tn `noshdcr tbc

hoanrigthno god coquhrc hotn tbc tnph`.

Tbc dhicoshnos na tbc hostgmmgthno grc 3

ictcrs ho whdtb god 1.3 acct ho bchebt god 7

annt ho dcptb.

1.7 Ppg`c

{5:}




1.: Zcprcscotgthno & Ptnry

{50} Vcranricrs - @bgrg`tcrs - @no`cros




Gppmc

@bgrg`tcr< Tc Pupcrstgr

@no`cros< @nsicth` ogturc n nnd,jrgodhoe god igrkcthoe houco`c no nurjuyhoe dc`hshnos

Hotcrg`thno< ”@nic `mnsc tn twcct’

Ubco tbc pcrsno `nics `mnsc tn tbc pndhui

bnmdhoe tbc gppmc, tbc gppmc stgrts twccthoe

no hts pcrsnogm twhttcr g``nuot.

Tc`bonmney< Grduhon Ih`rn`notrnmmcr,Grduhon Ctbcroct Pbhcmd, Dhstgo`cPcosnr, Hotcroct `nooc`thvhty, whttcr godPigrtpbnoc

Nur cvcrydgy gppmc wgs scmc`tcd anr

pnrtrgyhoe tbc supcrstgr. Tbc hotcothno wgs

tn novcy tbc nsicth` ogturc na annd, wbh`b

hs onw prcvgmcot duc tn tbc annd `umturc tbgt

wc mhvc ho. Uc gs nosuicrs grc igdc tn tbhok

tbgt ha tbc annd htci mnnks ennd, ht whmm tgstcennd god jc outrhthnus gs wcmm. Tbhs nutmnnk

{54}




hs dcvcmnpcd duc tn tbc pcrsugshvc ogturc na

igrkcthoe, gdvcrthshoe god jrgodhoe wbh`b hs

dnoc anr annd prndu`ts onw dgys.

Gppmc hs g aruht gvghmgjmc ho tbc Hodhgo igrkctwbh`b hs onw instmy hipnrtcd. Tn sgthsay tbc

bheb dcigod na `nosuicrs tbrnuebnut tbc

ycgr, hipnrtcd vgrhcthcs trgvcm g`rnss tbc

wnrmd. Tbcy grc stnrcd ho nmd stnrgec anr

inotbs wghthoe tn jc jnuebt gegho god snmd.

Anr survhvhoe tbc lnurocy nomy g acw rnjust

vgrhcthcs grc bnsco wbh`b grc trgospnrt

arhcodmy god `go survhvc anr mnoe. Tbcsc gppmcs

grc tbco wgxcd god pnmhsbcd sn tbgt tbcy dn

ont mnsc wgtcr notcot god go codurc anr

mnoecr pcrhnd na thic. Tbcy grc tbco grcaummysth`kcrcd god pg`kgecd hotn ghr / scg archebt tn

jc trgospnrtcd tn dhstgot nrocrs na tbc wnrmd.

Tbc wgxhoe prn`cdurc igkcs tbci mnnk ennd

nutshdc gs tbc skho na tbc gppmc stgys god

mnnks tbc sgic jut tbc gppmc gecs arni hoshdc

god rnts. Ubco g `nosuicr juys tbc sgic

gppmcs arni g sbcma mn`gmmy, tbrnueb vcodnrs

nr annd igmms, tbcy dno‘t konw gjnut gmm tbc

ag`tnrs tbgt bgvc hoamuco`cd tbchr bnh`c. Tbc

`bnh`c hs ont g`tugmmy g `bnh`c goyinrc. Ht bgs

gmrcgdy jc`nic g grcaummy scmc`tcd icou jytbc nrpnrgtc anr ynu tn nosuic. Tbc aruht

tbgt ynu juy god put hoshdc ynur jndy igy

jc inotbs nmd god bgs mnst hts outrhthno vgmuc.

Jut tbc `nosuicr hs ont hipgrtcd whtb su`b

hoanrigthno gjnut tbc gppmc. Tbc hodheconus

vgrhcthcs mnsc nut ho tbc `nipcththno god grc

ont snmd gs whdcmy nr cvco noshdcrcd gs ennd

gs tbc hipnrtcd nocs. Tbhs g`t ho`rcgscs tbc

`grjno anntprhot na tbc hipnrtcd annd htci tn

g vcry mgrec cxtcot. Tgkhoe hotn g``nuot tbc

trgospnrtgthno, wgxhoe, pnmhsbhoe god stnrgec,

cg`b gppmc bgs g jhe `grjno anntprhot wbh`b

ects snmd whtb go cxpcoshvc prh`c tge.

Tbc pcrsnogmhty na tbc gppmc hs tbgt na g

sonjjhsb, pnpumgr cmcjrhty. Tbc bgrg`tcr

`rcgtcd anr tbc hostgmmgthno gmsn bgs tn hovnkcgmm tbcsc no`cros tbrnueb tbc dhgmneucs tbgt

ht whmm jc sgyhoe. Tbc hotcrg`thno dcvcmnpcd

anr tbc gppmc hs wbco g pcrsno `nics `mnsc tn

”tbc supcrstgr¨ - tbc gppmc, ht stgrts twccthoe

no hts pcrsnogmhzcd twhttcr g``nuot. Ht hs ho tuoc

whtb tbc `bgrg`tcr ht hs pnrtrgyhoe ho tbc crg na

`nooc`thvhty wbcrc pnpumgr pcnpmc usc sn`hgm

icdhg tn `niiuoh`gtc tn tbchr agos. Tbc

dhgmneucs na tbc bgrg`tcr grc rcgmhsth` god

sgthrh`gm ho ogturc, gs tbc pcrsno hotcrg`thoe

whtb tbc gppmc whmm bgvc tn uodcrstgod tbcbhddco icssgec suj`nos`hnusmy tn rcgmhzc tbc

hipg`t.

{54}

7:6 Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo



Dhgmneucs<

• ”Xnnnbbbnnn Unrmd!!!, H‘i jg`k’,

• ”#Amyhoe jushocss `mgss arni @gmhanrohg tn

Hodhg’,

• ”Vgst : inotbs ho tbc #`nmd stnrgec, ht‘s sn

arcczhoe ho bcrc’,

• ”Lust ent iy wgxhoe dnoc, #pnmhsbhoe `nihoe

ocxt’,

• ”Vnmhsbcd tn iy jrhebtcst #rcd’,

• ”#mus`hnus ic!!’,

• ”H gi #`ruo`by on inrc’,

• ”Onw H bgvc iy nwo #jrgod sth`kcr’,

• ”Vrcscrvgthvcs igkc ic rnttco hoshdc, H mnnk

jcst nutshdc’,

• ”Bgvhoe snic `nipcththno whtb tbc

#Gustrgmhgo Ercco’,

• ”Bgvc ynu scco iy #`grjno anntprhot... hts

buec!!’,

• ”H mnvc nosuicrhsi... ’,

• ”Bcrc H ect sbhppcd gegho.... wnnbbnn’,

• ”Iy wgx `go khmm ynu, H accm sn cvhm’,

• ”Iy wgx hs iy jntnx, ht‘s tbc mnnks tbgt igttcr’,

• ”H mnvc iy nsicth`s & prcscrvgthvcs’,

• ”H gi go gvcrgec supcrstgr, bheb no bcih`gms’,

• ”Luh`y ic, on luh`y on inrc’,

• ”Hodhgo gppmcs... dn tbcy cxhst goyinrc...>’,

• ”Gppmcs grc g igo‘s jcst arhcod’,

• ”Ha mnnks `numd khmm’,

• ”Jhtc hotn tbc Ponwwbhtc‘s pnhsno’.

Dhpmnig Vrnlc`t | Ptnry na tbc Srjgo Annd @bgho 7:7



{54}

7:: Phirgo @bnprg | Ocw Icdhg Dcsheo



Tnigtn

@bgrg`tcr< Tc Zcmgthvc

@no`cros< @bcih`gm god tnxh` notcot ho annd

duc tn acrthmhzcrs god pcsth`hdcs.

Hotcrg`thno< ”Vh`k noc tn tgstc’

Ubco snicnoc ph`ks up g `bcrry tnigtn

arni tbc trgy, ht trheecrs vnh`c nutput ho tbc

anri na dhgmneucs.

Tc`bonmney< Grduhon Ih`rn`notrnmmcr,Grduhon IV0 Pbhcmd, Mhebt Dctc`thoeZcshstnrs god Ihoh Ppcgkcrs

Tbc wnrd ”tnigtn’ igy rcacr tn tbc pmgot

nr tbc cdhjmc, typh`gmmy rcd aruht tbgt ht jcgrs.

Bgvhoe nrhehogtcd ho Icxh`n, tbc tnigtn wgs

sprcgd grnuod tbc wnrmd anmmnwhoe tbc Ppgohsb

`nmnohzgthno na tbc Gicrh`gs, god hts igoy

vgrhcthcs grc onw whdcmy ernwo tbrnuebnut

tbc wnrmd. [34Y

{53}

[34Y Tnigtn. :670. [G``csscd Luoc :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Tnigtn/




Tbc tnigtn hs nosuicd ho dhvcrsc wgys,

ho`mudhoe rgw, gs go hoercdhcot ho igoy

dhsbcs god sgu`cs, god ho drhoks. Ubhmc ht hs

jntgoh`gmmy g aruht, ht hs noshdcrcd g vcectgjmc

anr ùmhogry purpnscs, wbh`b bgs `guscd

snic noaushno. Tnigtn hs whdcmy uscd ho nur

cvcrydgy annd arni stcws tn ùrrhcs. Ht anris

go hotcergm pgrt na nur ùhshocs god icgms.

Gs wc wnumd sgy tbgt annd hs nur sustcogo`c

god ht anris pgrt na nur jndy. Pn tbc tnigtn

tbgt wc cgt hs gmsn ho g wgy pgrt na us. Tgkhoe

tbc gogmney na hts `nmnur, wby ont sgy ht anris

nur jmnnd gs ho wbgtcvcr wc nosuic amnws

tbrnueb nur vchos. Ht hs ho g wgy nur `mnsc jmnnd

rcmgthvc.

Bgvhoe anricd tbc `nrrcmgthno whtb us god nur

agihmy trcc, ht hs snictbhoe wc `goont heonrc.

Gs ynu goont dhsrcegrd ynur rcmgthvcs ynu

`goont nvcrmnnk g tnigtn ho ynur dghmy dhct. Tn

tbhs notcxt g tnigtn hs whdcmy uscd cvcry dgy.

Ht hs gmsn noc na tbc aruhts wbh`b bgvc tbc

bhebcst ginuot na `bcih`gm `notcot. Duc tn

hts tbho skho god bheb wgtcr `notcot tbc tnigtn

gjsnrjs g mnt na pcsth`hdcs god acrthmhzcrs

jchoe sprgycd no tbc pmgot. Tnigtn hs g

dhaahùmt pmgot tn ernw god suppnrt, sn tbc bheb

`nosuipthno dcigods jy tbc nosuicrs grc

sustghocd jy tbc agricrs tbrnueb nothounus

usc na `bcih`gms.

Tbc hostgmmgthno hovhtcs tbc vhcwcr tn ph`k up g

`bcrry tnigtn arni tbc ustnihzcd trgy, wbhmc

dnhoe sn ht trheecrs g vnh`c nutput. Tbc vnh`c

hs tbgt na go hrksnic wnigo, wbh`b ynu `go

gssn`hgtc tn noc na ynur guots ho tbc agihmy.

Pbc tgmks ho g quhrky tnoc, whtb go uodcrmyhoe

tnoc na sgr`gsi god dhseust. Pbc hs tgmkhoe

gjnut tbc `nosuicrhsi god bnw ht mcgds tn

usgec na inrc `bcih`gms ho annd god bnw

ht bgris nur jndy. Tbc dhgmneucs hosthegtc

g accmhoe na rcpumshno gs g rcsumt tbc pcrsnokccps jg`k tbc ph`kcd up tnigtn.

Tbc bgrg`tcr hs vcry wcmm nooc`tcd tn tbc

`no`cros ht wgots tn novcy tbrnueb tbc

hotcrg`thno god tbc dhgmneuc gs nur intbcrs

god guots grc tbc nocs no`crocd gjnut nur

dhcts god annd, gmwgys tcmmhoe us tn tgkc grc na

nur onurhsbicot occds. Jut ynu `goont dctg`b

wbgt hs gmrcgdy hoshdc nr `nosthtuthoe ynur

annd gmsn hs hovhshjmc tn tbc ogkcd cyc.

{53}




Dhgmneucs<

• ”Zcmgthvcs grc erntcsquc grh`gturcs na ynurscma’,

• ”Annd bnnscs ynur jmnndmhoc’,

• ”Jmnnd hs tbh`kcr tbgo wgtcr’,

• ”H gi g rc`hpc anr smnw dcgtb’,

• ”H `niiht iurdcr whtb g sihmc no iy ag`c’,

• ”Nur pntcothgm hs stuotcd jy ynur pgrcots god

rcmgthvcs’,

• ”@bcih`gm mnvc onw nics ho g vgmuc pg`k’,

• ”Ht hs lust snic ocurntnxhos, nregonpbnspbgtcs

god gr`honecos’,

• ”Gvcrgec grgjhttg sgu`c‘s sc`rct hoercdhcot hs

snic ocurntnxho’,

• ”Igkhoe @gipjcmm tnigtn snup `go khmm jccs’,

• ”H gi rcd whtb `go`cr god icotgm rctgrdgthno’,

• ”Enndocss na suokhsscd tnigtncs hs bnrinogm

dhsrupthno’,

• ”Gppmc ihebt bgvc kcpt tbc dn`tnr gwgy jcanrc

tbc hodustrhgmhzgthno na annd’,

• ”Hodustrhgmhzgthno na annd hs sccphoe ho nur

vchos’,

• ”Vcsth`hdc god acrthmhzcrs grc dc`gyhoe us arni

tbc hoshdc’,• ”Codnsumpbgo hs ont tbc cod jut tbc jcehoohoe

na prnjmcis’,

• ”Annd hs ynur jmnnd’,

• ”Tndgy ht hs ic tninrrnw ht whmm jc ynu’,

• ”Khmm tbc wnrmd tn igkc ht g jcttcr pmg`c’,

• ”Hodustrhgmhzcd annd hs g smnw pnhsno’,

• ”@nrpnrgtc `notrnm na annd hs murkhoe bgvn`’,

• ”H suaacr ynu suaacr, H dhc ynu dhc’.




{53}




Vcppcrihot

@bgrg`tcr< Tc P`hcothst

@no`cros< Vnwcr n s`hco`c god bnw hthouco`cs nur nnd, tnu`bhoe no tnph`s gsrgdhgthno tcsthoe, gtnih` sccds, ecocth`gmmyindhcd nnd & ecocth`gmmy indhcdnregohsis.

Hotcrg`thno< ”@gmm nr icssgec’

Ht ph`ks up ynur pbnoc‘s CIA(Cmc`trn

Igeocth` Ahcmds) god trheecrs vhsugm nutput nog ercco M@D s`rcco.

Tc`bonmney< Grduhon Ih`rn`notrnmmcr,CIA dctc`thoe `hr`uht, Ercco MCDstrhps(Mhebt cihtthoe dhndc), ZEJ(Zcd,Ercco god Jmuc) MCD strhps god Jgsh` :6R4@bgrg`tcr M@D(Mhquhd @rystgm Dhspmgy)

Vcppcrihot hs g byjrhd ihot, g `rnss jctwcco

wgtcrihot god spcgrihot[33Y. Tbc pmgot,

hodheconus tn Curnpc, hs onw whdcsprcgdho `umthvgthno tbrnuebnut gmm rcehnos na tbc

{51}




wnrmd. Tbc pnpumgr prg`th`c na cxpnshoe sccds

tn rgdhgthno eghocd pnpumgrhty hiicdhgtcmy

gatcr tbc Pc`nod Unrmd Ugr; pcnpmc wcrc

prcn``uphcd whtb tbc hdcg na ushoe tbc

pnwcr na tbc gtni anr jcocah`hgm purpnscs.Ou`mcgr-pnwcrcd-scmc`thvc-jrccdhoe, ho igoy

wgys wgs tbc anrjcgrcr na indcro ecocth`

indhah`gthno god syotbcth` jhnmney prg`th`cs.

G whdc vgrhcty na pmgots wcrc jnijgrdcd whtb

rgdhgthno bnphoe tn prndu`c ecocth` iutgthnos

su`b gs dhscgsc-rcshstgot wbcgt. Vcppcrihot

wgs noc na tbc ahrst vgrhcthcs na pmgots tn jc

sujlc`tcd tn rgdhgthno jrccdhoe. [31YInst

na tbc emnjgm prndu`thno na ihot nhm uscd tn

igkc grthah`hgm ihot amgvnurhoe, whtb go goougm

igrkct vgmuc csthigtcd gt $806 ihmmhno,hs cxtrg`tcd arni tbc whmt-rcshstgot Tndd‘s

Iht`bgi umthvgr - g vgrhcty na pcppcrihot,

g prndu`t na tbcrigm ocutrno hrrgdhgthno.

Ht hs aurtbcr konwo tbgt tbc cxg`t ogturc na

tbc ecocth` bgoecs tbgt gusc ht tn jc whmt-

rcshstgot rcigho uokonwo.[35Y

Tbc prcacrrcd bgrg`tcr anr pcppcrihot tn

pnrtrgy hs tbgt na g s`hcothst. Zcigrkhoe no

tbc pnwcr na s`hco`c god bnw ht hoamuco`cs

nur annd, tnu`bhoe no cihocot tnph`s su`bgs rgdhgthno jrccdhoe, gtnih` sccds, EIA

& EIN. Ht hohthgtcs tbc dhgmneuc no tbc M@D

dhspmgy jy gt`bhoe tbc CIA rgdhgthnos arni

nur injhmc pbnocs. Ho g wgy ht hs `niicothoe

no tbc hmm caac`ts na ujhquhtnus tc`bonmney

uscd ho nur mhac onw. Tbcsc tc`bonmnehcs bgvcg bhddco noscquco`c god caac`t no nur mhvcs,

jc ht umturgmmy, sn`hgmmy nr pbysh`gmmy.

Tbc caac`t na injhmc pbnoc rgdhgthno no

buigo bcgmtb hs tbc sujlc`t na rc`cot

study, duc tn conrinus ho`rcgsc ho injhmc

pbnoc usgec wnrmdwhdc. Injhmc pbnocs

usc cmc`trnigeocth` rgdhgthno ho tbc

ih`rnwgvc rgoec. Tbc pntcothgm caac`ts na

cmc`trnigeocth` ahcmds cxtcoshvcmy vgry

dcpcodhoe no tbc arcquco`y god hotcoshtyna tbc ahcmds. Ho :677, Hotcrogthnogm Geco`y

anr Zcscgr`b no @go`cr (HGZ@) mgsshahcd

injhmc pbnoc rgdhgthno s`gmc hotn pnsshjmy

`gr`honecoh` gs tbc rgdhn wgvcs cihttcd

hs gjsnrjcd jy tbc jndy. Tbc rgdhn wgvcs

cihttcd jy g EPI bgodsct go bgvc g pcgk

pnwcr na : wgtts.[32Y

{51}

[33Y Vcppcrihot, [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Vcppcrihot

[31Y, [35Y Vruocd :677. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

pruocd.jmnespnt.ho/:677/64/gtnih`-egrdcos.btim

[32Y Unrmd Bcgmtb Nregohzgthno prcss rcmcgsc O¶ :62 (Vrcss rcmcgsc).

Hotcrogthnogm Geco`y anr Zcscgr`b no @go`cr. :677-63-07. Zctrhcvcd :677-61-6:.




Dhgmneucs<

• ”Tbc pnwcr na tbc gtni, spmcodhd g`bhcvcicot na

s`hco`c & tc`bonmney’,

• ”Gtni hs ont lust dcgtb god dcstru`thno’,

• ”P`hco`c go rcgrrgoec mhac inmc`umc jy

inmc`umc’,

• ”Tbcrc hs on cvhm ho s`hco`c jut nomy ho g igo‘s

snum’,

• ”Ecocth` igohpumgthno hs anr tbc ennd na

igokhod’,

• ”P`hco`c `go ocvcr bgri ht `go nomy bcmp’,

• ”Bgrocsshoe tbc gtni, ho tbc ocw crg na

uomhihtcd pnwcr’,

• ”P`hco`c & ogturc wnrk tnectbcr tn sustgho

igokhod’,

• ”Zgdhgthno scmc`thno hs tbc ocw wgy na cvnmuthno’,

• ”Gjsnmutcmy ho mnvc whtb tbc pbhmnsnpby na tbc

gtni’,

• ”Ontbhoe cxhsts cx`cpt gtnis god cipty spg`c’,

• ”Envcroicot auods tbc rcscgr`b god tbc

hipmcicotgthno’,

• ”Envcroicot turos s`hco`c hotn g jhnmneh`gm

igssg`rc’,

• ”Curckg inicots go bgoec hotn annd

trgecdhcs’,

• ”P`hco`c go bgoec tbc wnrmd anr jcttcr nr

wnrsc’,• ”Ecocth` indhahcd annd hs tbc goswcr tn wnrmd

stgrvgthno’,

• ”P`hcothah` juipcr sccds mcgd tn g juipcr `rnp’,

• ”Envcroicot god P`hcothah` pnmh`hcs envcro tbc

mgod’,

• ”Pigmm wnodcrs go mcgd tn jheecr dhsgstcrs’,

• ”@nosuicrhsi pgys anr tbc s`hco`c’,

• ”@nrpnrgthnos drhvc tbc inocy amnw’,

• ”@nrpnrgthnos igkc tbc wnrmd en rnuod’.




{51}




Nohno

@bgrg`tcr< Tc Vnmhth`hgo

@no`cros< Sodcrstgodhoe tbc rnmc npnmhth`s ho nur nnd `bgho god cxcipmhyhoetbc pnmhth`hgo‘s pnshthno ho cxcr`hshoe notrnmnvcr nur nnd.

Hotcrg`thno< ”@ut tn rcvcgm’

Ubco g pcrsno `bnps tbc nohno no tbc

`bnpphoe jngrd, ht trheecrs g vnh`c nutput ho

tbc anri na dhgmneucs; rcvcgmhoe sc`rcts godcmh`hthoe `mgrhah`gthnos arni tbc ‒pnmhth`hgo‘

nohno.

Tc`bonmney< Grduhon Ih`rn`notrnmmcr,Grduhon IV0 Pbhcmd, Ictgm tn Ictgm@ustnihzcd Pwht`b god Ihoh Ppcgkcrs

Nohnos grc umthvgtcd god uscd grnuod tbc

wnrmd. Gs g anndstuaa tbcy grc usugmmy scrvcd

`nnkcd, gs g vcectgjmc nr pgrt na g prcpgrcd

sgvnury dhsb, jut go gmsn jc cgtco rgw nruscd tn igkc ph`kmcs nr `butocys. Tbcy grc

puoecot wbco bnppcd god notgho crtgho

{55}




`bcih`gm sujstgo`cs wbh`b hrrhtgtc tbc cycs.

Ho tbc hostgmmgthno tbcy grc g ictgpbnrh`gmmy

rcmgtcd tn pnmhth`hgos. Gs pnmhth`hgos dn jhe

prnihscs jut tbchr pnmh`hcs god pcranrigo`c

en uodcr, sn pcnpmc wgot tn ergzc tbci gpgrtanr ont aumahmmhoe wbgt tbcy bgd uodcrtgkco god

gssurcd tn tbc `niino igo.

Hijgmgo`c ho tbc urrcot annd systci na tbc

wnrmd bhebmhebts tbc occd anr su``cssaum annd

pnmh`hcs god envcrogo`c. Tbc envcroicots

`notrnm tbc pnmh`y igkhoe `gpg`hty na g

`nuotry, tbcrc jy notrnmmhoe tbc annd

c`noniy. Tbcy bgvc tbc gpgjhmhty tn notrnm

hoamgthno god hipmcicot s`bcics wbh`b `go

naacr hts `hthzcos bcgmtby god outrhthnus dhct.Vnmhth`hgos cxcr`hsc notrnm god prcssurc

hotn dhrc`thoe tbc annd `bgho anr tbchr

hodhvhdugm prn`ccds. Ho tbc Hodhgo s`cogrhn,

tbc jhaur`gthno na pnwcr ho tbc bhcrgr`bh`gm

stru`turc igkcs tbc hipmcicotgthno na

goy khod na ocw pnmh`y vcry dhaahùmt god

ùijcrsnic.

Gs ynu `bnp tbc nohno ho tbc hostgmmgthno,

ht rcvcgms sc`rcts whtbho hts mgycrs. Cvcry

thic g pcrsno ùts tbc nohno, ht stgrts ehvhoe

`mgrhah`gthnos tn sgvc htscma arni tbc pujmh`.

Gs noc bgs tn ùt g`rnss tbc mgycrs na

jurcgu`rg`y tn rcg`b tbc pcnpmc ho pnwcr,

shihmgr hs tbc `gsc whtb tbc hotcrg`thno. Gs

ynu smh`c g`rnss tbc nohno, ehvhoe naa stco`b

god bcih`gms, tbcrc hs g vnh`c nutputrcprcscothoe tbc ehat na egj; pcùmhgr vnh`c

na g pnmhth`hgo tryhoe tn ehvc lusthah`gthno

anr tbc annd shtugthno ho tbc `nuotry. Tbc

dhgmneucs gddrcss tbc nmmgjnrgthno jctwcco

envcroicot jndhcs god iumthogthnogms,

envcroicot s`bcics wbh`b grc hotrndu`cd

anr tbc agricrs, gmsn tnu`bhoe no tnph`s su`b

gs hoamgthno god annd pnmh`hcs.

Tbc `yoh`gm njlc`thvc na tbc dhgmneucs hs

tn igkc tbc pcrsno hotcrg`thoe whtb tbchostgmmgthno pgusc god tbhok gjnut tbc pnmhth`gm

hoamuco`c no nur annd. Cvcrytbhoe tbgt nics

tn nur igrkcts god pmgtcs hs dhrc`tcd jy tbc

pnmh`y igkcrs ho tbc envcroicot. Hipnrts,

cxpnrts, prndu`thno, tc`bonmney god suppmy

cvcrytbhoe encs tbrnueb g dc`hshno igkhoe

prn`css tbrnueb tbc envcroicot god

gerhjushocss jndhcs na tbc wnrmd.

{55}




Dhgmneucs<

• ”Vnmhth`s bgs on rcmgthno tn inrgms’,

• ”Dn ynu konw wbn H gi’,

• ”Zhebt tn annd... hs ht g rhebt>>’,

• ”H prnihsc ynu... gs gmwgys’,

• ”Hoamgthno hs g oc`cssgry cvhm’,

• ”Agricr suh`hdcs whmm jc nipcosgtcd’,

• ”Annd prh`cs grc ont gaac`tcd jy pnmhth`s’,

• ”Uc grc tbcrc anr tbc niino igo’,

• ”Buoecr god agihoc dno‘t cxhst goyinrc’,

• ”Uc grc dnhoe cvcrytbhoe wc `go’,

• ”Qntc anr ic, H whmm bgoec tbc wnrmd’,

• ”Ha ynu dno‘t bgvc jrcgd ynu go cgt gkc’,

• ”Annd prh`c hoamgthno aucms pnmhth`gm notrnvcrsy’,

• ”H gi no g buoecr strhkc... anr agricr pmhebts’,

• ”Agricrs pnmh`hcs grc ocxt no nur gecodg’,

• ”Uc grc nihoe up whtb g ocw s`bcic anr tbc

agricrs’,

• ”Uc whmm tgkc g`thno... ho nur 3ycgr pmgo’,

• ”H whmm sct up g `niihttcc tn mnnk hotn tbc igttcr’

• ”@nrpnrgtcs god pnmhth`hgos nmmgjnrgtc anr tbc

pcnpmc’,

• ”Uc goont niicot no tbc shtugthno rhebt

onw’,

• ”Ht‘s g trh`k na tbc nppnshthno tn dcagic ic’,

• ”Uc uodcrstgod g pnnr igo‘s pmhebt’.




{55}




@nro

@bgrg`tcr< Tc @nrpnrgthno

@no`cros< Zcgmhzhoe tbc `nrpnrgthzgthnon tbc nnd systci gmsn uodcrstgodhoe tbchodustrhgmhzgthno n nnd god I`dnogmdhzgthnon tbc wnrmd.

Hotcrg`thno< ”Vmcgsc hoscrt `nho’

Ubco ynu hoscrt g `nho hotn tbc `nho smnt, ht

ehvcs ynu g prhotnut/ jhmm, cxpmghohoe gjnut tbc

hostgmmgthno. Ht gmsn prhots tbc `ut tbrngt jushocssnoc mhocrs na tbc ‒`nrpnrgtc‘ `nro.

Tc`bonmney< Grduhon Ih`rn`notrnmmcr, Ih`rnMcvcr Pwht`b god Gdgruht Tcrigm Vrhotcr

Ighzc ho konwo ho Coemhsb-spcgkhoe `nuotrhcsgs `nro. Gacr Curnpcgo `notg`t whtb tbcGicrh`gs ho tbc mgtc 73tb god cgrmy 71tb`coturhcs, cxpmnrcrs god trgdcrs `grrhcd ighzcjg`k tn Curnpc god hotrndu`cd ht tn ntbcr

`nuotrhcs. Ighzc sprcgd tn tbc rcst n tbc wnrmdjc`gusc n hts gjhmhty tn ernw ho dhvcrsc `mhigtcs.Puegr-rh`b vgrhcthcs `gmmcd swcct `nro grcusugmmy ernwo nr buigo `nosuipthno, wbhmccmd `nro vgrhcthcs grc uscd nr gohigm ccd godgs `bcih`gm ccd stn`ks.[38Y

{52}




Ighzc hs tbc inst whdcmy ernwo ergho rnp

tbrnuebnut tbc wnrmd, whtb 00: ihmmhno ictrh`

tnos ernwo goougmmy ho tbc Sohtcd Ptgtcs

gmnoc. Gpprnxhigtcmy 46% na tbc rnp ¡ª

706 ihmmhno tnos ¡ª hs uscd anr `nro ctbgonm.Trgosecoh` ighzc (ecocth`gmmy indhahcd `nro)

igdc up 23% na tbc ighzc pmgotcd ho tbc

Sohtcd Ptgtcs ho :668.[16Y

Zhebt onw g bgodaum na `nipgohcs `notrnm

inst na tbc annd wc cgt. Dc`gdcs na jgd

envcroicot pnmh`y, uo`bc`kcd igrkct

`nosnmhdgthno god uoduc nrpnrgtc hoamuco`c

nvcr s`hco`c bgvc mcat gerhjushocss ehgots

whtb uoprc`cdcotcd pnwcr nvcr nur annd

systci. [17Y

Hodustrhgm agrihoe god prndu`thnona annd hs jgd ocws anr jntb agricrs god

`nosuicrs. Cvcrytbhoe ho tbc annd systci

`notrnmmcd jy su`b Gerh-ehgots hs notrnmmcd jy

tbc c`nonih`s na ht gmm. Cvcrytbhoe hs rcdu`cd

tn dcigod god suppmy, whtb inoctgry eghos

gs tbc igho inthvgthoe ag`tnr.

Tbc cinthno na erccd god wgothoe inrc wgs

tbc igho drgwhoe ag`tnr, wbhmc tbhokhoe gjnut

tbc hotcrg`thnos anr tbc `nro. Gs scco ho g

wcodhoe ig`bhoc, ynu put ho `nhos nr inocy

tn juy tbc pg`kgecd nosuigjmcs. Phihmgrhotcrg`thno wgs uscd ho tbc hostgmmgthno anr

tbc caac`t na nrpnrgthzgthno na annd. Anr goy

khod na rcspnosc arni tbc nrpnrgtc, ynu

gs tbc nosuicr wnumd accd tbci inocy

god tbcy wnumd goswcr jg`k tn ynu ho pgpcr

wnrk. Ehvhoe ynu g jhmm `hthoe wbgt gmm bgs

jcco trgosg`tcd anr, whtbnut ehvhoe ynu tbc

cxg`t nsts anr tbc prndu`t gs tbcy bhdc

rcgm covhrnoicotgm god buigo nst na tbc

prndu`ts tbgt wc juy.

G prhotcd jhmm wgs uscd gs tbc nutput anr tbc

hotcrg`thno whtb tbc `nro gs ht sccicd gpt anr

tbc `no`cro ho dhs`usshno. Tbc tbcrigm prhotcr

hohthgtcd wbco g ahvc rupcc nho hs drnppcd

hotn tbc smnt, prhots nut g jmg`k god wbhtc

prhot wbh`b mnnks mhkc g jhmm ho gmm gspc`ts.

Ht stgtcs tbc ogic na tbc nipgoy, thic,

dgtc, ht cvco sgys tbgok ynu god nic jg`k

snno jut wbgt hs dhaacrcot gjnut tbhs jhmm hs

tbgt rgtbcr tbgo stgthoe tbc htcis ht tcmms ynu

gjnut tbc hostgmmgthno. Tbc sigmm pgrgergpbwrhttco gjnut tbc hostgmmgthno dcs`rhjcs wbgt

hostgmmgthno hs gmm gjnut, ictgpbnrh`gmmy ehvhoe

ynu tbc bhddco `nsts anr tbc annd tbgt ynu

`nosuic cg`b dgy.

Tbc jhmm gmsn prhots tbc hodhvhdugm dhgmneucs

na tbc ‒`nrpnrgthno‘ nro rcmgyhoe tbc

`bgrg`tcrhsth`s ht wgots tn pnrtrgy. Tbc

dhgmneucs ehvc ynu tbc stgrk geercsshvc ogturc

na g iumthogthnogm `nrpnrgthno wbnsc jgmgo`c

sbccts igttcr inrc tbgo goytbhoe cmsc.

Tbc hotcot hs tn comhebtco tbc pcrsno hotn

tbhokhoe gjnut tbc bhddco `nst na annd god

tn ehvc g sc`nod tbnuebt gjnut wbcrc tbcy

spcod tbchr inocy god hs ht rcgmmy wnrtb ht.

{52}

[38Y @nro, [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Ighzc

[16Y P`bmnsscr Crh`, :667. Agst Annd Ogthno< Tbc Dgrk Phdc na tbc Gmm-Gicrh`go Icgm, Sohtcd

Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g< Bnuebtno Ihaamho @nipgoy.

[17Y Mgoe Thi, Bcgsigo Ih`bgcm, :664. Annd Ugrs< Tbc Emnjgm Jgttmc anr Inutbs Ihods god

Igrkcts, Sohtcd Khoedni< @VH GotnoyZnwc.




Dhgmneucs<

• ”Pbnw ic tbc inocy’,

• ”H‘i enhoe igkc ynu go ncr ynu `go‘t rcausc’,

• ”Erccd wnrks, ht mgrhcs, uts tbrnueb &`gpturcs’,

• ”Erccd hs ennd, onw ht sccis ht‘s mcegm’,

• ”H dno‘t mhkc vhnmco`c, H‘i g jushocss igo, jmnnd

hs g jhe cxpcosc’,

• ”@gphtgmhsi gt hts ocst’,

• ”Ht‘s g zcrn sui egic snicjndy whos,snicjndy mnnscs’,

• ”H‘i ont g dcstrnycr, H‘i g mhjcrgtnr’,

• ”Uc igkc tbc rumcs pgm, tbc ocws, wgr, pcg`c,gihoc, rcvnmuthno, tbc prh`c n pcr jge n`nro’,

• ”Erccd gpturcs tbc cssco`c na cvnmuthnogrysphrht’,

• ”Xnu‘rc ont oghvc conueb tn tbhok wc grc mhvhoeho g dcin`rg`y’,

• ”Ht‘s g arcc igrkct & ynu‘rc pgrt na ht’,

• ”Uc grc ont bcrc tn hodumec ho agotgsy jutc`nonih` & pnmhth`gm rcgmhty’,

• ”Annd hs tbc jheecst rcsnur`c tn igkc inocy’,

• ”Jumms igkc inocy, jcgrs igkc inocy, pcnpmcect smguebtcrcd’,

• ”Ht‘s gmm gjnut tbc ju`ks, rcst hs `novcrsgthno’,

• ”@nrpnrgtc agrihoe, mcgds tn go crg na inrcnnd & inrc inocy’,

• ”Ubn `grcs gjnut tbc qugmhty, lust scmm ht’,

• ”Jrgodhoe & strgtcey ho`rcgsc nur igrkct sbgrc’,

• ”Vnmhth`gm mnjjyhoe hs csscothgm anr mgodsujshdhcs & nur stn`k-prh`c’,

• ”Vrn`csscd annds, igkc agt pcnpmc & agt inocy’,• ”Agricr jcocts, wc whmm pmgo @PZ anr tbgt’.




{52}




Vmgot (Jnosgh)

@bgrg`tcr< Tc Agricr

@no`cros< Duc tn gmm tbc gjnvc g`tnrs`htcd thmm onw agricrs sucr tbc inst.Tcy gmm prcy tn hodustrhgm grihoe godenvcroicot pnmh`hcs wbhmc on noc hs tbcrctn mhstco tn tbchr pmhebts.

Hotcrg`thno< ”Occd g tnu`b n bcmp’

Ubco snicnoc tnu`bcs tbc pmgot ht tgmks

jg`k. Tc mhvc pmgot hs `novcrtcd hotn gtnu`b hotcrg`c trheecrhoe g vnh`c nutputg``nrdhoe tn tbc prcssurc god pmg`c ntnu`b.

Tc`bonmney< Grduhon Ih`rn`notrnmmcr,Grduhon IV0 Pbhcmd / @niputcr +Vrn`csshoe, god Ihoh Ppcgkcrs

Vmgots grc tbc prhigry prndu`crs ho tbcnnd `bgho. Phihmgrmy gricrs grc tbcprhigry `rcgtnrs n nnd ho tbc urjgo nnd

{58}




`bgho. Tc pmgot uscd nr tbc hostgmmgthnohs go Gdcohui. Ht hs g ecous n nwcrhoepmgots ho tbc dnejgoc gihmy; tbcy grcgpprc`hgtcd nr tbchr `nmnrum nwcrs godgmsn nr tbchr uousugm, tbh`k `gudh`cs. Tcy`go jc ernwo nr igoy ycgrs ho g pnt godgrc `niinomy uscd nr jnosgh.

Agricrs god `nosuicrs jchoe tbc inst vcocrgjmc ho tbc annd systci grc gc`tcdjy gmm tbc hssucs `no`crocd. Vrnspcrhtyn g `nuotry wgs gt g thic rcmgtcd tn tbc`nodhthno n tbc gricrs gs sn`hcthcs wcrcprcdnihogotmy gergrhgo. @umturc god

trgdhthnos rcvnmvcd grnuod scgsnos god`rnp `y`mcs jut gs hodustrhgm grihoe bgstgkco nvcr tbc nnd prndu`thno, tbhoesbgvc bgoecd drgsth`gmmy. Hodustrhgmhzcdinonùmturc bgs tgkco nvcr wbcrc vgstcxpgoscs n mgod lust ernw noc `gsb `rnp,wbh`b hs sujshdhzcd jy tbc envcroicots godjnuebt gt mnwcr rgtc jy tbc iumthogthnogms.Envcroicot pnmh`hcs `no`crohoe tbcprndu`thno n nnd niindhthcs, pmgy

trh`ks whtb tbc mhvcs n tbc gricrs igkhoetbci ect ho tbc vh`hnus `y`mc n mngos.Anr sccds, pcsth`hdcs, crthmhzcrs ct`. bcgvyinoctgry suppnrt hs tgkco rni tbc jgoksigkhoe tbci gmm ho bgods n `nrpnrgtcsdh`tgthoe tbchr mhvcs.

Agricrs occd nur suppnrt gs `nosuicr tbgths wby tbc hotcrg`thno wgs jgscd no tnu`b.Tc mhvc pmgot hs `novcrtcd hotn g tnu`bjgscd hotcrg`c whtb g vnh`c nutput. Tcùstnihzcd cmc`trnoh`s `go dctc`t tbc pmg`cna tnu`b no tbc pmgot trheecrhoe dhcrcot

vnh`c nutputs. Ubco ynu tnu`b tbc pmgot

ht `gmms nut nr ynur bcmp, ht bgs pcùmhgrdhgmneucs wbh`b stgtc hts `nodhthno duc tndhcrcot hrùistgo`cs. Dc`mgrhoe tbc ag`tsgjnut bnw tbchr nwo mhc hs envcrocd jy`nosuicr dcigod god suppmy.

{58}




Dhgmneucs<

• ”Xnur whsb hs iy `niigod, ho`rcgshoecrthmhzcr dcigods’;

• ”H accd ynu, ynu accd ic’;

• ”Uccds rcigho iy jcst arhcod’;

• ”Pun`gtcd jy tbc `nrpnrgthnos’;

• ”Ubgt ynu snw, sn sbgmm ynu rcgp’;

• ”Envcroicot s`bcics s`bcic geghost ic’;

• ”Mngos igkc ic jmccd’;

• ”Xnu jrccd H jmccd’;

• ”Ahcmds na enmd cxhst on inrc’;

• ”Heonrgo`c hs jmhss ho g agricr‘s pgrgdhsc’;

• ”No`c iy mgod onw ynur pgrkhoe mnt’;

• ”Tndgy ht‘s ic tninrrnw ht whmm jc ynu’;

• ”@guebt ho tbc vh`hnus `y`mc na dcigod godsuppmy’;

• ”Vcsth`hdcs khmm pcsts mhkc ynu god ic’;

• ”Agricrs grc cgsy tgrects anr jummcts’;

• ”Uc occd ynur bcmp ont ynur syipgtby’;

• ”Agricr prntcsts agmm no dcga cgrs’;

• ”Pustcogo`c anr ihmmhnos dcgtb anr ic’;

• ”Annd anr ihmmhnos stgrvgthno anr ic’;

• ”Bcmp ic bcmp ynu’;

• ”Mc jcrc god dcsthocd tn dhc’;

• ”Ht hs gmm gjnut tbc qugothty ont tbc qugmhty’.




{58}




1.0 @nostru`thno

Tc hotcrcst wgs tn `rhth`gmmy tbhok gjnutdhehtgm, `niputgthnogm icdhg god `rcgtcnoc‘s nwo icdhg wnrk jgscd no tbctbhokhoe god rcscgr`b. Tc strghebtnrwgrdnriumg< hts ocw icdhg dcsheo gs dcsheo nicdhg, ont lust whtb icdhg. Arcc Pnawgrcgod Npco Pnur`c wgs uscd jc`gusc tbcyprnvhdc tbc juhmdhoe jmn`ks nr scm-`rcgtcdicdhg god ono-ighostrcgi tnnms godwnrk nws.

Tc stru`turc n tbc hostgmmgthno wgs`no`cptugmhzcd gs go urjgo skymhoc, whtbjuhmdhoe mhkc stru`turcs rcprcscothoetbc bninecohzcd `bgrg`tcr god qugmhtyn urjgohzgthno. Tc skymhoc n g `htyhs syijnmh` n hts prnercss, `bgrg`tcrgod ernwtb. Phihmgrmy tbc hostgmmgthno hs`niicothoe no gspc`ts n dcvcmnpicotgod hts `noscquco`cs.

Tc `nmnur nr tbc hostgmmgthno wgs`bnsco tn jc wbhtc; tn rcprcscot gouocinthnogm, rcstrghocd `bgrg`tcrhsth`n g ictrnpnmhtgo hty. Tc jg`kdrnp ntbc rcprcscotcd skymhoc wgs gmsn kcptwbhtc sn gs tn kccp tbc `nmnur god nri

hotcrg`thno tn g ihohiui. Jut wbhtc `gojc sujsthtutcd whtb pgstcm sbgdcs tbgt gmmho tbc `gtcenry n nnd `nmnurs. Gmsn tbchostgmmgthno bgd tn cobgo`c tbc `nmnurs ntbc nregoh` igttcr tbgt wcrc tbc kcy pgrtn ht, tn cobgo`c hotcrg`thno. Tc nregoh`sujstgo`cs wcrc tbc ruhts god vcectgjmcswbh`b pnrtrgy spc`h` `bgrg`tcrs rcmgtcd tntbc tbcic anr tbc hostgmmgthno. Phx dhcrcot`bgrg`tcrs tbgt jc`nic phc`cs n g stnry

`nic tnectbcr nr g iutugm ogrrgthno, nrg `gusc.

Ht wgs dcsheocd tn jc g scquco`c n jnxmhkc stru`turcs, wbcrc hodhvhdugm jnxcsgrc hotcr`nooc`tcd wbhmc sthmm g`thoe gsscpgrgtc pndhuis anr tbc annd stu. Htprnvhdcs g whodnw wbh`b g`ts mhkc g stgodnr tbc ruht / vcectgjmc ho dhsùsshno.Cg`b ogturgm nnd htci hs sueecsthvc n gpcrsnogmhty whtb spc`h` hotcrg`thnos god

tc`bonmney.

Tc hostgmmgthno wgs `nrpnrcgmmy rcgmhzcdwhtb tbc bcmp n pcnpmc rni tbc OHDwnrksbnp. Tc stru`turc wgs igdc nutn 7:ii IDA jngrds `nostru`tcd hotn

jnxcs. Dhcrcot ag`cs wcrc ut, emucd godoghmcd tnectbcr hotn g jnx kccphoe ho ihodtbc ohsbhoe god tbc rcquhrcd shzc. Tcùjnhds wcrc 3 shdcd, jchoe cipty rnitbc jg`k sn tbgt hodcpcodcot ùstnihzcd`hrùhts `go jc ttcd god bnuscd. Tcstru`turc pnsscsscd g indumgr qugmhty tnhtscm gs tbcy wcrc scpgrgtc uohts pmg`cdtnectbcr tn igkc g scquco`c.

Tc bchebt n cg`b phc`c wgs dc`hdcdkccphoe ho ihod tbc hotcrg`thnos tbgt bgvctn jc pcrnricd jy pcnpmc, tn hotcrg`t whtbtbc `bgrg`tcrs. Vrc`hsc bchebts wcrc `bnsco`noshdcrhoe tbc jndy bchebt n Hodhgopcnpmc g``nrdhoe tn dhcrcot pnsturcstbgt wcrc pgrt n tbc hotcrg`thnos. Gmsntbc nvcrgmm bchebt n tbc hostgmmgthno wgsdc`hdcd no tbc Hodhgo gotbrnpnictrh`dhicoshno dgtg.

Tc dgtg rccrrcd jcmnw grc jgscd no 53pcr`cothmc. Vcr`cothmcs grc stgthsth`gm vgmucsn g dhstrhjuthno n vgrhgjmcs trgoscrrcdhotn g buodrcd s`gmc. Tc pnpumgthno hsdhvhdcd hotn 766 pcr`cot `gtcenrhcs, rgokcdrni mcgst tn tbc bhebcst.




• Onrigm Ptgodhoe bchebt - 7157ii

• Ptgturc bchebt - 7150ii

• Ptgodhoe cyc mcvcm bchebt - 7335ii

• Ptgodhoe ihd pnshthno bchebt - 7088ii

• Ptgodhoe arnot mcgohoe ihd pnshthnobchebt ¨@ 208ii

• @nianrtgjmc vcrth`gm upwgrd ergsprcg`b rni nnr bchebt - :708ii [1:Y

{26}

[1:Y @bgkrgjgrth Dcjkuigr, 7885. Hodhgo Gotbrnpnictrh`

Dhicoshnos< anr crenonih` Dcsheo prg`th`c, Hodhg< Ogthnogm

Hosthtutc na Dcsheo.

{26} Hohtghgm hmmustrgthno anr tbc ahogm hostgmmgthno dcsheo.




{27} Icgsurcicot drgwhoes anr tbc hostgmmgthno.




{2:}




{20}




{24}




1.4 Ogvhegthno amnw

Cvcry hostgmmgthno bgs hotcot god g nw,tbrnueb wbh`b ht ogvhegtcs tbc vhcwcr hotnuodcrstgodhoe tbc ogrrgthvc. Ht `go jcdctcrihocd tbrnueb tbc scosc n spg`c,invcicot god grth`umgthno. Tc nw n ‒Ptnryn tbc Srjgo Annd @bgho‘ hs cxhjmc, ehvhoetbc stnrymhoc g ono-mhocgr qugmhty. Tc tgmc`go ruo rni goy dhrc`thno god goy `bgrg`tcr.Cg`b `bgrg`tcr tcmms g spc`h` g``nuot whtbg `no`cro. Jut nomy wbco gmm tbc `bgrg`tcrs

`nic tnectbcr tbcy nri go uodcrstgodhoetbgt hs rcquhrcd tn hotcrprct tbc hostgmmgthno.Tc jcehoohoe dncs ont igttcr jut tbc coddncs, gs ht hovnmvcs enhoe tbrnueb gmm tbchssucs god igkhoe ynur nwo cmu`hdgthno hotbc cod.

Tc sbgpc n tbc dhspmgy gmsn jrcgks tbcinontnoy tbrnueb dhcrcot bchebts godhotcrg`thnos. Tc jnxcs rhebt onw grc put ho

g mhocgr `nothounus gsbhno nr tbc pcrsno tncgshmy nri `nooc`thnos god tn `niprcbcodtbc no`cros god ictgpbnrs cipmnycd.

Tc dhspmgy `go gmsn jc dhvhdcd hotn pgrtsduc tn hts indumgr qugmhty, cg`b jnx rcmgyhoeg scpgrgtc dhstrcss. Tc hostgmmgthno `gogmsn jc pmg`cd ho g `hr`umgr igoocr gs gmmtbc `bgrg`tcrs grc scpgrgtc god bgvc vcrystrnoe sujlc`t igttcr. Jut ho g wgy gmm ntbci grc hotcrdcpcodcot ho rcmgyhoe g`nipmctc dcs`rhpthno. Tc indumcs `gogmsn jc dhstgo`cd gpgrt hotn g mgrecr grcgwbcrc tbc pcrsno bgs tn gpprng`b tbc wbhtcstru`turcs, tn dhs`nvcr tbc nregoh` cmcicots.Hotcrprcthoe wbgt tbcy bgvc tn sgy nr tbcpcrsno tn `nic up whtb bhs/ bcr nwo gogmyshs.




{23}




1.3 @bgmmcoecs

Durhoe tbc hohthgm stgecs n tbc prnlc`t tbcrcwgs go ho`mhogthno tnwgrds tbc sujlc`t nnnd. Annd gs g icdhui hs gmrcgdy iumth-scosnrhgm ho ogturc rh`b ho hotcrg`thno god`niiuoh`gthno. Ht bgs gmwgys hotrheucdtbc gutbnr hotn dcohoe gspc`ts n dghmy`nosuipthno hotn sigmmcr inrc dcocdwgys. Tc tcst wgs tn `rcgtc g uohno jctwccotwn vcry dhcrcot sujlc`ts; annd godocw icdhg. Noc hs tbc cssco`c n mhc god

tbc ntbcr noc hs tbc `rcgtnr n tbc uturctc`bonmnehcs nr jcttcricot n cxhstco`c.

Tc prhigry `bgmmcoec wgs tn dc`hdc notbc tnph` n `no`cro. Annd gs g tbcicwgs tnn vgst god occdcd tn jc ogrrnwcddnwo tn dc`hdc tbc s`npc n tbc prnlc`t.Tc g`t n `nnkhoe, utcoshms, prnjmcisg`cd ho prcscrvhoe nnd god `niiuohty

coegecicot wcrc snic n tbc prcmhihogrystrcgi n tbnuebts. Gs rcscgr`b prn`ccdcdnotn `niprcbcodhoe tbc ùmturgm rcmcvgo`cn nnd, ht mcd tn go uodcrstgodhoe n bnwnnd god ùmturc grc hotcrdcpcodcot. Ductn tbc `bnh`cs igdc jy tbc `niiuohtytbc cqugthno jctwcco tbc twn kccps no`bgoehoe god houco`hoe cg`b ntbcr.

Jchoe gwgrc n tbc ùmturgm gspc`t n nnd,`mgrhty tnwgrds tbc g`ct n tbc nnd `bgho

wgs occdcd. Tc ‒Srjgo Annd @bgho‘ tbgtbgs jcco dcvcmnpcd bgs tn dn inrc whtbtbc gvghmgjhmhty god nosuipthno pgttcron pcnpmc mhvhoe ho ictrnpnmhtgo grcgs. Tcprnlc`t wgs go uodcrstgodhoe n nur dghmyurjgo nnd systci tbrnueb wbh`b wc ernw,dhstrhjutc god prnùrc nnd. Ht gmsn rcmgtcs tntbc dhcrcot hssucs tbgt houco`c ht.

Gontbcr `bgmmcoec wgs tn `niiuoh`gtctbcsc `no`cros tn tbc `niino igo tbrnuebujhquhtnus hotcrg`thnos god no`cgmcdtc`bonmney. Gacr tbc uodcrstgodhoe nbnw tn ocegtc ùmturc god trgdhthno, `mcgrmydcocd engms n cdu`gthoe pcnpmc gjnuttbc dhstrcss wcrc mghd. Tc tnoc n vnh`c bgdtn jc hosphrgthnogm tn hosthegtc tbc pcrsnohotn tbhokhoe whtbnut jchoe prcg`by. nprnipt tbci hotn gskhoe qucsthnos god

suj`nos`hnusmy tbhokhoe gjnut tbc nnd tbgttbcy nosuic cvcrydgy whtbnut g dnujt. Hths tn ecocrgtc tbc wgvc n iutugm tbhokhoegjnut gspc`ts rcmgtcd tn nnd whtb g `gpg`htynr `nothounus g`thno nr tbc uturc god tbcecocrgthnos tn nic.




1.1 Auturc P`npc

Tc `no`cpt hs n go hostgmmgthno whtbdhcrcot annd htcis wbh`b grc pgrt na nurdghmy urjgo s`cogrhn. Tc stru`turc nr tbchostgmmgthno `go jc indhcd ho tbc uturc,hotn g nnd wgmm. @nothounus wbhtc wgmm whtbrc`csscs nr tbc dcdh`gtcd `bgrg`tcrs `go jcjuhmt. Ht whmm gmmnw tbc phc`cs ho hostgmmgthno,tn mnnk mhkc grtwnrks bgoehoe no tbc wgmm.Tc hotcrg`thvc phc`cs grc prcscotcd hoshdcwhodnws, tcmmhoe us tbchr hodhvhdugm stnrhcs

god trgospnrthoe us tn g dhcrcot ag`ct.Auturc s`npc n tbc prnlc`t whmm jc tn jc gjmctn dhspmgy ht ho `niiuohty grcgs, tn ecocrgtcpujmh` hotcrcst ho tbc tnph` n `no`cro.Ectthoe tbc pcnpmc hotcrcstcd, tn konw gjnuttbc g`tnrs houco`hoe nur dghmy icgms.Tc `no`cros, `bgrg`tcrs god ictgpbnrsgrc gmrcgdy ho pmg`c god tbc hotcrg`thnos

`go jc igdc inrc hotcosc. Jy tgkhoe dgtgrni pcnpmc‘s `nosuipthno pgttcros, tbchrprcsco`c ho tbc vh`hohty n tbc hostgmmgthno,`urrcot prh`c n tbc vcectgjmc/ niindhty,wgtcrhoe tbc pmgho ho tbc hostgmmgthno godntbcr shihmgr hoputs, tbc `nipmcxhty n tbcprnlc`t `go jc ho`rcgscd.

G sct n ocw hotcrg`thnos `go gmsn jc gddcdhotn tbc codcgvnr. Mhkc tbc njlc`ts `go stgrt`novcrshoe ginoest tbciscmvcs, ehvhoe

rhsc tn g ocw mcvcm n hotcrprctgthnos nrtbc vhcwcr. Ht `go tcmm us ho dctghm bnw gmmtbc hssucs grc hotcrdcpcodcot god rcmgtcd.Trnueb hotcosc prnergiihoe god usc ntc`bonmney tbc `bgrg`tcrs `go stgrt ehvhoemhvc goswcrs tn tbc qucsthnos pcnpmc wgottn gsk, wbh`b `go ehvc rhsc tn nomhoc dcjgtcsgod sn`hgm icdhg `nvcrgec.

Tc hostgmmgthno dncso‘t bgvc go cxpmh`ht`no`mushno rhebt onw, gs ht hs mca npco nrpcnpmc tn igkc tbchr nwo hotcrprctgthno godicgohoe jut igyjc mgtcr ho tbc s`npc n tbcprnlc`t g dcohthvc nut`nic god gogmyshs`go jc prnvhdcd whtb `crtgho ginuot ndgtg `nmmc`thno. Tc `no`mushno `go tbcojc updgtcd no tbc hotcroct cvcrydgy notng pmgtnri, rcg`bhoe g whdcr gudhco`c. Tcsgic `go jc nmmnwcd jy tbc igsscs tbrnueb

g dcdh`gtcd wcjshtc gmsn ehvhoe honrigthnogjnut sustghogjhmhty, pcsth`hdc mcvcms, grjnonntprhot, cdhjmc egrdcohoe ct`.




5@no`mushno




Ht hs hipnrtgot ont tn tbhok n Dcsheo gsg sct n dhs`hpmhocs, jut tn tbhok n ht gsg prn`css nr g wgy n tbhokhoe. Ho tbhsmhebt, g ennd dcohthno n Dcsheo hs< ”gprn`css n `rcgthvc god `rhth`gm tbhokhoetbgt gmmnws honrigthno god hdcgs tnjc nregohzcd, dc`hshnos tn jc igdc,shtugthnos tn jc hiprnvcd, god konwmcdectn jc eghocd.’ - Dr. @bgrmcs Jurocttc.

Ths sbha ho dcsheo nùs rni njlc`t tn

`notcxt, bgs hohthgtcd tbc tcri ”DcsheoThokhoe’. n gmmnw g jrngdcr s`npc,dcsheo bgs cijrg`cd ctbonergpbh`rcscgr`b, s`cogrhn juhmdhoe god igoyinrc ocw dcsheo ictbnds. Dcsheotbhokhoe‘s hotcrdhs`hpmhogry gpprng`b bgsgueicotcd tbc grcg n @rhth`gm Dcsheo,wbh`b mnnks gt prndu`ts/ prg`th`cs whtbcijndhcd `rhthquc nr `niicotgry no`nosuicr umturc.

Ho tbhs prnlc`t, nnd wgs uscd gs gicdhui tn cxpmnrc tbc jrngdcr `notcxt

n dcsheo. Ht stgrtcd whtb snic kcy hoputsno nnd god sustghogjhmhty tn bhebmhebtùrrcot `rhth`gm hssucs. Gacr gogmyzhoe tbcinst prcsshoe sn`hgm dcjgtcs no nnd godsmnwmy znnihoe ho no nur cvcrydgy mhcrhtugms, nur lnurocy codcd wbcrc stnrhcsgrc uo`nvcrcd god vhsugmhzcd tbrnueb nurnwo hodhvhdugm `rcgthvhty.

Ubco tbc prnlc`t stgrtcd, tbc `no`mushnowgs gijheunus. Tc tnph` wgs vgst god

tbc dcvhscd jrhc wgs npco codcd, tbcrc jyncrhoe tbc rcquhrcd s`npc tn cxpmnrc. Gspc`h` grcg wgs ogrrnwcd dnwo tbrnuebsujscqucot mcgrohoe god cxpmnrgthnos. Hthovnmvcd hotcoshvc tcsthoe god rcquhrcdrc-cxgihogthno no cvcry rnot ; jut tbcnut`nic wgs sgthsyhoe.

Tc hovcsthegthno noshstcd n tbrccpbgscs. Ho tbc rst pgrt hssucs `no`crohoe

nnd scùrhty wcrc uodcrstnnd god bnwtbcsc grc rcc`tcd ho nur sn`hcty. Ho tbcsc`nod stgec tc`bonmney wgs cxpmnrcd

god prntntypcd. Ho tbc tbhrd stcp nricrhoputs wcrc uscd tn `rcgtc tbc ogrrgthvc; gicgm whtb g stnry tn tcmm.

Vrc`cdcot studhcs `no`crohoe Ocw Icdhgdcsheo bcmpcd `niprcbcod cxhsthoe wnrkdnoc jy vgrhnus pcnpmc ho shihmgr cmd.Durhoe tbc `no`cptugm pcrhnd cxpmnrgthnogod cxpcrhicotgthno wgs `grrhcd nuttbrnueb vgrhnus tgoehjmc hotcrg`cs godnpco snur`c tc`bonmnehcs mhkc Grduhon,

Vrn`csshoe, Amgsb, Npco @Q, ct`.

Tc prnlc`t `no`mudcd gs go grthostgmmgthno `niicothoe no tbc ogturcn nur ictrnpnmhtgo nnd systci.Ubcrc nrpnrgthnos god pnmhth`hgosgrc tbc nocs ho pnwcr tryhoe tn cxcrthouco`c nvcr gricrs, `nosuicrs gods`hco`c hotcrmhokcd nnd wcj. Arnitbc hipmcicotgthno pnhot n vhcw, tbc

stru`turc igrvcmnusmy `no`cgmcd tbchdcg god tbc tc`bonmney, putthoe tbchotcrg`thnos god tbc hotcrprctgthnos ho




tbc nrcernuod. Tc tc`bonmney uscd wgsihohigm god npco snur`c gs tbc hotcothnowgs tn `rcgtc onvcm icdhuis.

Ubco tbc hostgmmgthno wgs mgst no dhspmgy, htgttrg`tcd g mnt n pcnpmc. Tc igho gppcgmn tbc cxbhjht wgs tbc `nosuigjmc, mhvc,nregoh` htcis tbgt wcrc no dhspmgy. Ubcopcnpmc stgrtcd hotcrg`thoe whtb tbc njlc`ts,tbc rcg`thno wgs ihxcd whtb rcpumshno goddcmhebt, duc tn tbc dgrk buinrnus tnoc n

tbc dhgmneucs. Vcnpmc quh`kmy tnnk no tntbc noc-mhocrs sghd jy tbc `bgrg`tcrs. Tcdhgmneucs hohthgtcd g dhs`nursc jctwcco tbchtcis god pcnpmc god ntbcr icijcrs whtbhotbc `niiuohty.

Mnnkhoe gt tbc prnlc`t rni g bhebcr uturcmcvcm, tbc juhmt god ogturgm covhrnoicot, godtbc hogohigtc njlc`ts god nregoh` igttcrtbgt pnpumgtc ht, whmm snno jc cijcddcd

whtb scosnrs. Tc pntcothgm tn inohtnr tbc lnurocy tbgt nnd htci tgkcs rni pmgothoetn `nosuipthno `go jc`nic pgrt n tbcuscr‘s cxpcrhco`c. Arni tbc sccd scmc`thno,

tn tbc mhigtc nodhthnos ht hs ernwo uodcr,tn tbc wnrkhoe `nodhthnos n tbnsc wbntcodcd tn ht, tn tbc nnd ihmcs uscd tn cxpnrtht grnuod tbc wnrmd god tbc dcinergpbh`sn tbnsc wbn cgt ht. Gmm tbhs dgtg `go jc

vhsugmmy rcprcscotcd god dhstrhjutcd tn tbc`nosuicrs, sn tbgt tbcy `go igkc tbchr`nosuipthno `bnh`c jgscd no tbhs ocwtypc n honrigthno prnvhdcd tn tbcigjnut tbchr nnd. Jut h ynu stgod jg`k god

gsk, dn wc rcgmmy occd gmm tbhs tc`bonmneygod honrigthno nr us tn mcgd g bcgmtbysustghogjmc mhcstymc> Tc goswcr wnumdjc shipmc conueb god wnodcrummy sghd gs”Auturc hso‘t g pmg`c wc grc enhoe tn, ht‘s gpmg`c wc grc `rcgthoe’ - Dgrrco Znwsc

Tbc vhdcn `go jc vhcwcd gt<

bttp<//`gren`nmmc`thvc.`ni/shirgo`bnprg/Ptnry-n-tbc-Srjgo-Annd-@bgho


{21}



{21}




Gs go codhoe ontc, tbc gutbnr

wnumd mhkc tn jrhcamy stgtc bcr

mcgrohoe arni tbc prnlc`t.

Annd hs tbc cssco`c n mhc god bnw wc uscnr gjusc ht gc`ts us gs buigo jchoes. Gshodhvhdugms ht hs nur `no`cro tn `rcgtc g jgmgo`cho nur mhc sn tbgt tbc cquhmhjrhui n ogturc hsont dhsturjcd.

Gs g dcsheocr, dcohoe wbgt g`tugmmy g prnjmcihs, hs vcry `ru`hgm. Ht bcmps jchoe njmhvhnus gscxpmnrhoe whtbnut cxpc`tgthno hs tbc instbnocst cxpmnrgthno. Ho g scm hohthgtcd prnlc`ts`cogrhn, mhkc tbc prcscot noc, tbc prnjmci hs

hohthgmmy uodcocd god occds pcrscvcrgo`c. Tcsujlc`t dcigods mgrhty god rcscgr`b jcnrcgpprng`bhoe g snmuthno. So`nvcrhoe tbc cc`tsgod hrùistgo`cs tbgt rcgtc tbc prnjmci hscqugmmy hipnrtgot gs snmvhoe ht; sho`c ht whmm mgytbc nuodgthno nr tbc goswcrs. Tc `no`mushnoihebt lust gs wcmm sujsthtutc tbc wnrd ‒Grt‘ nr‒Dcsheo‘ nr vh`c vcrsg jut tbc hotcot n tbc rcsumtwhmm sthmm bgvc tbc sphrht n tbc codcgvnur.

Ubhmc dcohoe g ùmturgm dhmciig ht hshipnrtgot tn dcmvc hotn jnnks god vhsugmùmturc, gs ht ncrs us tbc cssco`c na iytbs,

jcmhcs god pcr`cpthnos. Gmsn pgrth`hpgotnjscrvgthnos ho s`cogrhns bcmp uodcrstgod

pcnpmc. Gjsnrjhoe wbgt hs njscrvcd `go mcgd tng pcr`cpthvc nutmnnk wbh`b ncrs tbc gjhmhty tnscc tbc jheecr ph`turc wbhmc gogmyzhoe tbc ohtty-erhtty n tbc vcoturc.

c bonmney hs go csscothgm pgrt n Ocw IcdhgDcsheo god bgs tn jc e hvco cqugm hipnrtgo`cwbhmc gpprng`bhoe go nut`nic jut gs Jru`cGr`bcr wnumd sgy, ‒c`bonmney hs no`crocdwhtb ‒bnw‘ tn igkc tbhoes; Dcsheo hs `no`crocdwhtb ‒wbgt `go jc>’ god tbnueb tbcrc hs g `mnsc`nooc`thno jctwcco jntb, gs g dcsheocr tbcprhigry nùs bgs tn jc tn gppmy dcsheo gs g

tnnm< dcsheo gpprng`bcs, dcsheo gtthtudc god gonvcrgmm wgy n mnnkhoe gt tbhoes.




2Goocxurc




Gmm higecs grc `rcdhtcd tn tbc gutbnr uomcssntbcrwhsc spc`hahcd bcrc.

{3} Kymc Jcgo, Hotcr`nooc`tcd scoscs :670.

[G``csscd Lumy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//

kymcjcgo.`n.uk/pnrtanmhn/Pcoscs

{8}, {76} @hty na Icmjnuroc, :677. [G``csscd

N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.

icmjnuroc.vh`.env.gu/ niiuohtyscrvh`cs/

bcgmtb/anndpnmh`y/Vgecs/AnndVnmh`y.gspx

{78} @bccscjurecr :663. [G``csscd N`tnjcr

:67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttps<//co.whkhpcdhg.

nre/whkh/Ahmc<Amh`kr^lca^07257126--Ho-O-Nut^

@bccscjurecrs.lpe

{:7} Mnen :676. [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.smnwannd.`ni/

{::} Bydrnpnoh`s. [G``csscd Igy :670Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//hodhgogpujmhìcdhg.nre/

cgrtbcgts/>gttg`bicot^hd9:276:

{:0} Bydrnpnoh`s. [G``csscd Igy :670Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//wbccmhobuotis.`ni/

snic-rcgm-jcocahts-na-bydrnpnoh`s.bti

{:4} Gqugpnoh`s. [G``csscd Igy :670Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.kh`kstgrtcr.`ni/

prnlc`ts/:74:368::7/bnic-gqugpnoh`s-kht-

scma-`mcgohoe-ahsb-tgok-tbgt-e

{:3} Vcrigùmturc. bttp<//www.mho`nmos`bnnm.

nre/pgec.ài>p976:5

{:1} Cdhjmc Egrdco. bttp<//www.mho`nmos`bnnm.

nre/pgec.ài>p976:5

{:8} Vg`kgecd annd. bttp<//`niinos.whkhicdhg.

nre/whkh/Ahmc<Vg`kgecs.lpe

{06} Vcsth`hdc sprgyhoe. bttp<//www.

covhrnoicotgmbcgmtbocws.nre/cbs/ocws`hco`c/

dcprcsscd-gjnut-pcsth`hdcs

{07} Hodustrhgm inonùmturc. bttp<//

pcg`caumgogrkn.ahmcs.wnrdprcss.

`ni/:676/64/63::îzâgrihoe:.lpe

{0:} Annd Vnmh`hcs. bt tp<//jmne.c`ngerhùmturc.

nre/

{04} Gtnih` Pccds. Vruocd :677. [G``csscd

Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//pruocd.

jmnespnt.ho/:677/64/gtnih`-egrdcos.btim

{03} Annd pghothoes. bttp<//www.whkhpghothoes.

nre/

{01} Ehuscppc Gr`hijnmdn pghothoes. bttp<//

www.whkhpghothoes.nre/

{05} Zgmpb Enhoes pghothoes. bttp<//rgmpbmenhoes.

`ni/>pgec^hd9465

{02} Jgogog Ugmm. bttp<//www.sgeichstcrwgmsb.

`ni/wnrk/prnlc`t/dcht`b-prnlc`ts-jgogog-wgmm/

{08} Mhvcs na Ergss Igtbhmdc Znusscm, [G``csscdIgy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.

igtbhmdcrnusscm.`ni/hodcx.pbp/wnrks/mhvcs-na-

ergss/

{46} Annd Dcsheo. [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.annd-dcsheohoe.

`ni/67-annd.bti

{47} Igrhlc Qnecmzgoe :67:. [G``csscd

Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.

igrhlcvnecmzgoe.om/www.igrhlcvnecmzgoe.om/

nvcrzh`bt.btim

{4:} Vrnlc`t Higecs. Kmgotco Znjcrt, Cbigoo

Pvco, Bgos`bkc Qcrcog, :677. G Tnu`b na @ndc<

Hotcrg`thvc Hostgmmgthnos god Cxpcrhco`cs, Dhc

Ecstgmtco Qcrmge

{40} Jntgoh`gmms :670. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.jntgoh`gm ms.`ni/

{44} Jntgohùs Hotcrg`thùs. bttp<//www.

`rcgthvcgppmh`gthnos.oct/ntbcr/jntgohùs-

hotcrg`thùs-dcsheohoe-hotcrg`thvc-pmgots-gt-

dhsocy-rcscgr`b/

{43} Vbhmhps Annd Vrnjc. bttp<//hobgjhtgt.`ni/pbhmhps-dcsheo-annd-prnjc/anndprnjc7/

{41} Onhsy Lcmmy. bttp<//pmuvhogec.cu/

ONHPXLCMMX^prcsskht.pda

Higecs




DnùicotgrhcsTBC ASTSZC NA ANND. :664. Dnùicotgry

ahmi . Dhrc`tcd jy Dcjnrgb Knnos. Mhmy Ahmis.

ANND HO@. :662. Dnùicotgry ahmi . Dhrc`tcd

jy Znjcrt Kcoocr. Igeonmhg Vh`turcs, Vgrth`hpgot

Icdhg, Zhvcr Zngd Cotcrtghoicot.

ANND PTGIVCD. :676. Dnùicotgry ahmi.

Dhrc`tcd jy Pbhrg Vntgsb, Xngv Vntgsb. Puiiht

Vh`turcs.

Acgturc ahmisTGIVNVN. 7823. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy

Lûzô Htgih. Htgih Vrndu`thnos, Ocw @cotury

Vrndu`thnos.

JGJCTTC‘P ACGPT. 7825. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd

jy Egjrhcm Gxcm.Vgonrgig Ahmi, Dct Dgoskc.

AZHCD EZCCO TNIGTNCP. 7887. Acgturc ahmi.

Dhrc`tcd jy Lno Gvoct. Sohvcrsgm Vh`turcs.

MHKC UGTCZ ANZ @BN@NMGTC . 788:. Acgturc

ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy Gmanosn Grgu. Grgu Ahmis

Hotcrog`hnogm, Gvhg`sg, @hocvhstg, Anogtur.

CGT DZHOK IGO UNIGO . 7884. Acgturc

ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy Goe Mcc. Goe Mcc Vrndu`thnos,

@cotrgm Inthno Vh`turcs @nrpnrgthno.

JHE OHEBT . 7881. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy@gipjcmm P`ntt, Ptgomcy, Thipgon Vrndu`thno.

@BN@NMGT . :666. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy

Mgssc Bgmmstrñi. Ihrgigx Ahmis, Dgvhd Jrnwo

Vrndu`thnos.

DHOOCZ ZSPB . :666. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd

jy Jnj Ehrgmdh. G``css Inthno Vh`turc Ernup,

Ehrgmdh-Pugrcz-DhEhghin Vrndu`thnos.

TNZTHMMG PNSV . :667. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd

jy Igrhg Zhpnmm. Pgiucm Enmdwyo Ahmis, Ptgrz!

Co`nrc Cotcrtghoicot.

JCMMG IGZTBG . :667. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd

jy Pgodrg Octtcmjc`k.Jgvgrhg Ahmi, Khonwcmt.

@BGZMHC GOD TBC @BN@NMGTC AG@TNZX.

:663. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy Thi Jurtno.

Ugrocr Jrns., Qhmmgec Zngdsbnw Vh`turcs.

ON ZCPCZQGTHNOPX. :665. Acgturc ahmi.

Dhrc`tcd jy P`ntt Bh`ks. Ugrocr Jrns., @gstmc

Zn`k Cotcrtghoicot.

UGHTZCPP. :665. Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy

Gdrhcooc Pbcmmy. Ohebt god Dgy Vh`turcs.

ZGTGTNSHMMC. :665. Gohigtcd ahmi. Dhrc`tcd jy

Jrgd Jhrd, Lgo Vhokgvg. Vhxgr Gohigthno Ptudhns,

Ugmt Dhsocy Vh`turcs.

AGPT ANND OGTHNO. :661. Acgturc ahmi.Dhrc`tcd jy Zh`bgrd Mhokmgtcr. Zc`nrdcd Vh`turc

@nipgoy (ZV@), JJ@ Ahmis.

LSMHC GOD LSMHG. :668 . Acgturc ahmi. Dhrc`tcd

jy Onrg Cpbrno. @nmuijhg Vh`turcs.

Jnnks

Ptrguss - Mcvh @mgudc. 7852. Iytb god Icgohoe<

`rg`khoe tbc `ndc na ùmturc. Sohtcd Khoedni<

Znutmcdec god Kcego Vgum.

@shkszcotihbgmyh Ihbgmy, :66:. Amnw, SohtcdPtgtcs na Gicrh`g< Zhdcr

Qnecmzgoe Igrhlc, P`bnuwcojcre Mnuhsc. :668.

Cgt Mnvc< Annd @no`cpts. Gistcrdgi< Jhs J.Q.,

Shtecvcrhl(JHP Vujmhsbcrs).

Kmgotco Znjcrt, Jnmbñacr Khtty, Inmmgrd G.,

Cbigoo Pvco. :677. Dcmh`gtc< Ocw Annd @umturc.

Ecstgmtco.

Bnrwhtz Lgihc, Phoemcy Vgumcttc. :664. Cgthoe

Gr`bhtc`turc. IHT Vrcss

Pbcpbcrd I. Enrdno, :67:. Ocurnegstrnoniy<Bnw tbc Jrgho @rcgtcs Amgvnr god Uby Ht

Igttcrs, Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g< @nmuijhg

Sohvcrshty Vrcss.

Jhjmhnergpby


V mm Ih b m :662 H D a a A d G @b k j th D jk 7885 H dh



Vnmmgo Ih`bgcm, :662. Ho Dcaco`c na Annd< Go

Cgtcr‘s Igohacstn, Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g<

Vcoeuho Ernup SP.

Vnmmgo Ih`bgcm, :661. Tbc Niohvnrc‘s Dhmciig<

Tbc scgr`b anr g pcrac`t icgm ho g agst annd wnrmd,Sohtcd Khoedni< Jmnnisjury Vujmhsbhoe.

P`bmnsscr Crh`, :667. Agst Annd Ogthno< Tbc Dgrk

Phdc na tbc Gmm-Gicrh`go Icgm, Sohtcd Ptgtcs na

Gicrh`g< Bnuebtno Ihaamho @nipgoy.

Vgtcm Zgl, :662. Ptuaacd & Ptgrvcd< Tbc Bhddco

Jgttmc anr tbc Unrmd Annd Pystci, Hodhg<

Bgrpcr@nmmhos Vujmhsbcrs.

Mgoe Thi, Bcgsigo Ih`bgcm, :664. Annd Ugrs<

Tbc Emnjgm Jgttmc anr Inutbs Ihods god Igrkcts,

Sohtcd Khoedni< @VH GotnoyZnwc.

Bgrrhs Vgtrh`hg, Myno Dgvhd. Tbc icgohoe na annd

Khpmc A. Kcooctb, Nrocmgs @nocâ Krhcibhmd, 7832.

Tbc @gijrhdec Unrmd Bhstnry na Annd. @gijrhdec

Sohvcrshty Vrcss

Zhtzcr Ecnrec, :665. Tbc I`Dnogmdhzgthno na

Pn`hcty, PGEC Vujmh`gthnos

Kcooctb Jcodhocr, :664. Annd Ho Vghothoe< Arni

Tbc Zcoghssgo`c Tn Tbc Vrcscot. Zcgkthno Jnnks

Gscoshn Ns`gr Vg`n, :663. Annd Dcsheo, TcOcucs.

Kmgotco Znjcrt, Cbigoo Pvco, Bgos`bkc Qcrcog,

:677. G Tnu`b na @ndc< Hotcrg`thvc Hostgmmgthnos god

Cxpcrhco`cs, Dhc Ecstgmtco Qcrmge

@bgkrgjgrth Dcjkuigr, 7885. Hodhgo

Gotbrnpnictrh` Dhicoshnos< anr crenonih` Dcsheo

prg`th`c, Hodhg< Ogthnogm Hosthtutc na Dcsheo.

@mgrhssc Phc`kcohus dc Pnuzg, :663. Hotrndu`thno,

Ho< Tbc Pcihnth` Coehoccrhoe na Buigo-@niputcrHotcrg`thno. Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g< Tbc IHT

Vrcss

Inotanrt Oh`k, :660. Gs wc igy tbhok, Ho< Tbc

Ocw Icdhg Zcgdcr. Sohtcd Ptgtcs na Gicrh`g< Tbc

IHT Vrcss

Jlñrkvgmm, Godcrs. :668. Vrg`th`gm Auo`thno god

Icgohoe< G gsc study na HKCG tgjmcs, Ho<Tbc

Znutmcdec Bgodjnnk na Iumthindgm Gogmyshs.

Mnodno & Ocw Xnrk< Znutmcdec. pp< :4:-:3:

Jhokmcy Thintby, Igr`us C. Ecnrec, Iycrs Z. Arcd,7883. Zcaheurhoe umturc, Ho< Tbc Trgaah` ho @umturc<

Zcaheurhoe Grt god Gotbrnpnmney. pp< 8:-763

Vgraht Ih`bgcm. 7883. Dhihohsbhoe Zcturos<

Cxpmnhthoe tbc N`cgo‘s Jnuoty. Ogthnogm

Ecnergpbh`. 722(3).

Ptgoahcmd M. Lgics. 7883. Tbc ercgt Tnkyn ahsb

igrkct. Ogthnogm Ecnergpbh`. 722(3), pp.02-4:.

Phcjcrt @bgrmcs. :677. Annd Grk< Nur Dwhodmhoe

Annd Qgrhcty. Ogthnogm Ecnergpbh`. :61(0).

\u`kcrigo @gtbcrhoc, :670. Annd Argud< Mgjcms no

Ubgt Uc Cgt Natco Ihsmcgd. Ogthnogm Ecnergpbh`

Ocws.

Pihtb Lcaa, :67:. Ernwhoe Annd Dcigod Ptrghos

Cocrey, Ugtcr Puppmhcs. Ogthnogm Ecnergpbh`

Ocws.

Vgpcrs

Mhtcrgturc< Tbc Gr`hijnmdn Caac`t< Trgosanrigthnos

na tbc ag`c arni tbc 71tb tn tbc :6tb @cotury.

Gjjcvhmmc Vrcss, Ocw Xnrk, 7Pt Cdhthno cdhthno

(Pcptcijcr 7825).

Unrmd Bcgmtb Nregohzgthno prcss rcmcgsc O¶ :62

(Vrcss rcmcgsc). Hotcrogthnogm Geco`y anr Zcscgr`b

no @go`cr. :677-63-07. Zctrhcvcd :677-61-6:.

Pgodcrs J.O. Cmhzgjctb, Ptgppcrs Lgo Vhctcr (:662).

@n-`rcgthno god tbc ocw mgods`gpcs na dcsheo.

@ndcsheo, Tgymnr & Argo`hs. Igr`b :662.

Vnupyrcv Hvgo, P`bncssmcr Vbhmhpp, Mnb Lnogs, Pgtn

Iuocbhkn (:67:). JNTGOH@SP HOTCZG@TH@SP<

Hotcrg`thvc Vmgots Tc`bonmney. PHEEZGVB :67:

Pniicrcr, @. god Iheonoocgu, M. Tbc hotcrg`thvc

pmgot ernwhoe, 7880< GZP Cmc`trnoh`g.

Pgtn, I., Vnupyrcv, H., ct gm. (:67:). Tnu`bè<

Cobgo`hoe tnu`b hotcrg`thno no buigos, s`rccos,

mhquhds, god cvcrydgy njlc`ts. Ho @BH‘:67:. G@I.

@bgijcrmgho Gmgo, @rgjtrcc Gody, Dgvhcs Igrk,

@brhs Erccobgmeb. Arcsb god mn`gm< tbc rurgm

prndu`c igrkct gs g shtc anr ndcsheo, ujhquhtnus

tc`bonmneh`gm hotcrvcothno god dhehtgmc`nonih`

dcvcmnpicot.

@bnh, Lgz Bcc-lcnoe god Antb, Igr`us god Bcgro,

Ercenry O. god Jmcvhs, Cmh god Bhrs`b, Tgd (:668)

Buoery :4/5> B@H Dcsheo anr Pustghogjmc Annd

@umturc (Unrksbnp). Ho< N\@BH :668 < :7st Goougm

@noacrco`c na tbc Gustrgmhgo @niputcr-Buigo

Hotcrg`thno Ppc`hgm Hotcrcst Ernup (@BHPHE) na


tb B A t d C h P h t a D h T h :67: [G d L m :67:Y G hm jm A d b h [G d L :67:Y G hm jm a



tbc Buigo Ag`tnrs god Crenonih`s Pn`hcty na

Gustrgmhg (BACPG), :668.

Igzgmck Gmh, Unnd Gmh, Hsbhh Bhrnsbh, (:667).

ecohcJnttmcs< Go Hotcrg`thvc Ogrrgthvc ho Jnttmcs.

PHEEZGVB, G@I Vrcss, :667 G@I

DhPgmvn @grm, (:67:). Tbc Ernwjnt Egrdco Vrnlc`t<

Vgrth`hpgtnry Dcsheo anr Covhshnohoe Tc`bonmnehcs

anr Pigmm-P`gmc Gerhùmturc. @BH‘7:, G@I

Pgipn Tcräs, Khrshkkg Qgglgkgmmhn, Lggog

Byvärhoco (:67:) Cobgo`hoe tbc trgospgrco`y na

tbc mn`gm god nregoh` annd suppmy octwnrk. @BH‘7:,

G@I

Tu`kcr Dhgoc, (:67:) @bgho na Annds< Sshoe B@H tn

Cobgo`c Buigo Bcgmtb. @BH‘7:, G@I.

Tnemcr Lnogs, Bciicrt Agjhgo, Ucttg`b Zctn,

(:668).Mhvhoe hotcrag`cs< tbc tbrhaty agu`ct. Ho

Vrn`ccdhoes na tbc 0rd Hotcrogthnogm @noacrco`c no

Tgoehjmc god Cijcddcd Hotcrg`thno. TCH :668.

Jurocmcht Cvg, Bciicrt Agjhgo god Ucttg`b Zctn

(:668). Mhvhoe Hotcrag`cs< Tbc Hipgthcot Tngstcr. Ho

Vrn`ccdhoes na tbc 0rd Hotcrogthnogm @noacrco`c no

Tgoehjmc god Cijcddcd Hotcrg`thno. TCH :668.

Ucjmhoks

Mgsscrrc, E. god G. Go`xt, Gknusigamnrc< Pcoshthvcgod hotcrg`thvc iush`gm pmgots, :665< www.

s`con`nsic.`ni

Vcsth`hdc G`thno Octwnrk. :677. [G``csscd

N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.

wbgtsnoiyannd.nre/hodcx.lsp

Dcsheo Tgxh :67:. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//dcsheotgxh.`ni/ocws/030711/

Ig`bhoc-Vrhots-Annd-Picmms-No-Vnst`grds/

Uhrcd :67:. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.whrcd.`ni/dcsheo/:67:/68/g-jhnoh`-egrdco-ernws-ho-

jrnnkmyo-trg`khoe-tnigtncs-whrcmcssmy-gt-

accdjg`k-agris/>phd9231&vhcwgmm9truc

Vruocd :677. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//pruocd.jmnespnt.

ho/:677/64/gtnih`-egrdcos.btim

Pupcramux :677. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//supcramux.ho/gtnih`sccds

Trcc Bueecr :67:. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.trccbueecr.`ni/ogturgm-s`hco`cs/pmgots-g`tugmmy-tgmk-cg`b-ntbcr-

ocw-rcscgr`b-ahods.btim

@rhth`gm dcsheo, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/@rhth`gm^dcsheo

Euhxc Igth :677. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//www.euhxc.`ni

Igrhlc Qnecmzgoe :67:. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.igrhlcvnecmzgoe.om/

www.igrhlcvnecmzgoe.om/nvcrzh`bt.btim

Ptgoanrd :677. [G``csscd Lumy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//pmgtn.stgoanrd.cdu/cotrhcs/icinry/

@hty na Icmjnuroc, :677. [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.icmjnuroc.vh`.env.gu/

`niiuohtyscrvh`cs/bcgmtb/anndpnmh`y/Vgecs/

AnndVnmh`y.gspx

Annd bgho, [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Annd^`bgho

Agst annd, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Agstânnd

@nosuicrhsi, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/@nosuicrhsi

Pmnw annd, [G``csscd Luoc :670Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/PmnwÂnnd

Mn`gvnrcs, [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Mn`gvnrcs

Bydrnpnoh`s, [G``csscd Pcptcipcr :67:Y.

Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/

Bydrnpnoh`s

Gqugpnoh`s, [G``csscd Pcptcipcr :67:Y.Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//gqugpnoh`s.`ni/

Vcrigùmturc, [G``csscd Gueust :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//www.pcrigùmturcg`thvhst.oct/

Ehuscppc Gr`hijnmdn. [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y.


Ehuscppc^Gr`hijnmdn

ZGMVB ENHOEP< @gtgmne Cssgy Jy Cdwgrd Mu`hc-

Pihtb :664 | bttp<//rgmpbmenhoes.`ni/>pgec^

hd9465

Gody Ugrbnm. [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. bttp<//

co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/GodyÛgrbnm

Igtbhmdc Znusscm, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//www.igtbhmdcrnusscm.`ni/hodcx.pbp/

wnrks/mhvcs-na-ergss/


Ptcago Pgeichstcr [G``csscd Igy :670Y Gvghmgjmc Vcppcrihot [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y



Ptcago Pgeichstcr, [G``csscd Igy :670Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< Jgogog Ugmm. bttp<//www.sgeichstcrwgmsb.

`ni/wnrk/prnlc`t/dcht`b-prnlc`ts-jgogog-wgmm/

Annd dcsheo [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//www.annd-dcsheohoe.`ni/67-annd.bti

Jntgoh`gmms. [G``csscd Igy :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//www.jntgoh`gmms.`ni/

Jntgohùs Hotcrg`thùs [G``csscd Gueust :67:Y.

bttp<//www.`rcgthvcgppmh`gthnos.oct/ntbcr/

jntgohùs-hotcrg`thùs-dcsheohoe-hotcrg`thvc-

pmgots-gt-dhsocy-rcscgr`b/

Vbhmhps annd prnjc [G``csscd Luoc :67:Y. bttp<//

hobgjhtgt.`ni/pbhmhps-dcsheo-annd-prnjc/

anndprnjc7/

Onhsy Lcmmy [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. bttp<//

pmuvhogec.cu/ONHPXLCMMX^prcsskht.pda

Vbyshs :677. [G``csscd N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Vbyshs

Unribnmc :67:. [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y.


Unribnmc

INIG, cxbhjht< Tgmk tn ic. :67:. [G``csscd

N`tnjcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni< bttp<//www.inig.

nre/hotcrg`thvcs/cxbhjhthnos/:677/tgmktnic/

njlc`ts/

Tnigtn. :670. [G``csscd Luoc :670Y. Gvghmgjmc

arni< bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Tnigtn/

Vcppcrihot, [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y.


Vcppcrihot

@nro, [G``csscd Pcptcijcr :67:Y. Gvghmgjmc arni<

bttp<//co.whkhpcdhg.nre/whkh/Ighzc

bttp<//igr`jrcthmmnt.`ni/

bttp<//tbhokhoeannddcsheo.`ni/

bttp<//www.tcd.`ni/tgmks/trhstrgi^stugrt^tbc^

emnjgmânnd^wgstc^s`godgm.btim

bttp<//tgmkhoe-trcc.`ni/

bttp<//www.whrcd.`ni/whrcdcotcrprhsc/:67:/77/

kht`bco-`niputcr/

bttp<//www.tbcydrgwgod`nnk.`ni/

bttp<//sbhmpgojbgegt.`ni/shtc/pnrtnmhn/nndgjmc-prnlc`t/

bttp<//nndscoscsprn`css.tuijmr.`ni/

bttp<//inndjynnd.wnrdprcss.`ni/


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