shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Seminar on
4G wireless technology
Presented By-
Shradha Maheshwari
CS-08
![Page 2: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is 4G?
One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where
voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an
“anytime , anywhere” basis.
It includes several types of broadband wireless
communication system access including cellular
telephone system.
![Page 3: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History of 4G technology
Technology 1G 2G 3G 4G
Design began
Implementation1970
1984
1980
1991
1990
2002
2000
2010?
Services provided
Voice transmission, text message
Associated with GSM service
Global Roaming, interactive media
Higher capacity ,completely IP oriented, multimedia.
Data bandwidth 1.0Kbps 144Kbps 2Mbps 100Mbps
![Page 4: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why 4G is required?
Due to substantial growth in overall number of
subscribers.
Due to massive demand of new services like data , audio , image or video .
![Page 5: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Features of 4G Technology
Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless internet.
Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates. Global mobility and service portability. Support for previous wireless technologies. High internet speed. Tight network security. Better spectral efficiency.
![Page 6: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Problems with the Current System
• Cellular networks do not have available bandwidth needed to handle data services well.
• Data transfer tends to come in bursts.
![Page 7: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Transmission system
![Page 8: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Technology and hardware used in 4G
OFDM
UWB
Smart antennas
IPv6
Software defined ratio
![Page 9: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)
It is based on the concept of FDD (Frequency division multiplexing). It works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference can be
avoided . Here modulation can be performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently as an
IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.
![Page 10: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
UWB (ultra wide band) .An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology. It is typically detected as noise. It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. It uses less power as it transmits pulse instead of continuos signal. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.
![Page 11: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Smart antennas
• A digital wireless communication antenna system that takes advantage of diversity effect at source, destination or both.
• They can send back signals in the same direction that they came from.
• They can fall into SIMO, MIMO and MISO.
![Page 12: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Antenna as both transmitter and receiver
![Page 13: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Smart antennas can be broadly divided into two categories:
• Switched beam antenna
• Adaptive array antenna
![Page 14: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Switched Beam Antenna
![Page 15: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Adaptive Array Antenna
![Page 16: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Software defined radio (SDR)
A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software.
The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required.
It can be dynamically updated with new software without any changes in the hardware and infrastructure.
![Page 17: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Packet Layer
• Splits the data into small packets.
• Without this there would be a need of separate connection on each computer with a separate network and routing equipment.
• They follow rules how they are formatted.
![Page 18: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IPv6
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol through which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet.
It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.
Understanding of IPv6 in 4G-
- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9
- 216.37.129.9 may be written like 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001
- the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like 216.37.129.9,79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120
- all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.
- the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the
“home address” purpose.
![Page 19: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IPv6 continue……
The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as the “care-of address”.
The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as mobile IP address.
The last set of IP address(192.168.5.120) can be local network address.
There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique address.
![Page 20: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Advantages of Packets
• More secure
• More flexible
• More reliable
• Proven technology
• Easier to standardize
• Extensible
![Page 21: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
QOS (quality of service)
In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability.
4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%.
In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-
Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction
and the packet loss rate.
Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .
User-level QOS depends on user mobility and application type .
![Page 22: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
An imagined view of 4G mobile phone
![Page 23: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Barrier to progress
• Nobody makes the conversion to 4G.
• Everyone makes the conversion to 4G.
• Some of the players make the conversion to 4G.
![Page 24: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Applications
1. Virtual Presence
2. Virtual Navigation
3. Tele geo processing application
4. Telemedicine and education
![Page 25: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
continue…..
5. Crisis management
6. Multimedia video services.
7. Traffic control system
8. Admission control in cellular packet networks
![Page 26: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THANK YOU
![Page 27: Shradha maheshwari 24 04-10-4g wireless technology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55855092d8b42a2d498b4a3c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Any queries??