section 2: measuring matter chapter 1: introduction to matter
TRANSCRIPT
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Section 2: Measuring Matter
Chapter 1: Introduction to Matter
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WeightMeasure of the force of gravity on you.Changes depending on location.
e.g. An object weighs less on the moon than it does on Earth because the force of gravity is weaker on the moon than it is on Earth.
Physical property
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MassMeasurement of the amount of matter in
the object.Does not change with location or the force of
gravity.Preferred measure of matter over weight.Physical propertyTool: triple beam balanceUnits
International System of Units (SI) unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
Also commonly measured in grams (g)1 kg = 1,000 g1 g = 0.001 kg
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Checkpoint 1What is the difference between mass and
weight?
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Checkpoint 1What is the difference between mass and
weight?Weight changes based on the force of
gravity; mass is constant.
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VolumeAmount of space that matter occupies.Units: liter (L), milliliter (mL), and cubic centimeter (cm3)
1 L = 1,000 mL1 mL = 0.001 L1 mL = 1 cm3
Finding the volume of liquids: use a graduated cylinderCalculating the volume of regular solids: use a ruler to
measure the length, width and heightVolume = L x W x HUnits = cm x cm x cm = cm3
Calculating the volume of irregular solids: submerge the object in water in a graduated cylinder; the water level will rise by an amount equal to the volume of the object in mL (displacement method)
Physical property
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Using a Graduated CylinderMeniscus: concave surface of a liquid
resulting from surface tension.Should always measure a liquid in a
graduated cylinder from the bottom of the meniscus.
Graduated cylinders with smaller gradations are more accurate.
In order to report the correct number of significant digits, you should estimate one additional digit beyond the gradation increment.
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Volume = 43.0 mL
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Volume of water = 4.80 mL Volume of dinosaur = 0.80 mLVolume of water + dinosaur = 5.60 mL
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Checkpoint 2What is the volume of the liquid shown
below?
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Checkpoint 2What is the volume of the liquid shown
below?73.0 mL
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DensityMeasurement of how much mass
of a substance is contained in a given volume.
D = m/vUnits: g/mL or g/cm3
Objects with a greater density will sink; objects with a lesser density will rise.
Physical propertyIntrinsic/Intensive property (the same
for a given substance regardless of size, shape, or amount; e.g., water always has a density of 1 g/ml)
Can be used to identify and classify matter.
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Checkpoint 3The mass of an object is 10 grams and its
volume is 5 cm3. What is the object’s density?
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Checkpoint 3The mass of an object is 10 grams and its
volume is 5 cm3. What is the object’s density?
D = m/v = 10 g/5 cm3 = 2 g/cm3
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Post-lesson Quiz1. Which of the following tools are used to
measure mass?a. graduated cylinderb. rulerc. triple beam balanced. thermometer
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Post-lesson Quiz2. Which of the following tools are used to
measure the volume of liquids?a. graduated cylinderb. rulerc. triple beam balanced. thermometer
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Post-lesson Quiz3. An object floats in water. How does the
object compare to the water?a. it is heavierb. it is lighterc. it is denserd. it is less dense
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Post-lesson Quiz4. Which of the following is a measure of the
amount of space that matter occupies?a. massb. densityc. volumed. weight
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Post-lesson Quiz5. What is the volume of the liquid below?
a. 36.5 mLb. 35 mLc. 37.0 mLd. 36 mL