Sandeep Khanwalkar

State Coordinator: Crops & Livelihoods

Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Project

MP Rural Livelihoods Project

Project Goal: Sustainable enhancement of livelihoods of rural poor in selected districts of Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh

Purpose :- Effective programmes and policies that sustainably enhance the livelihoods of poor rural people implemented in tribal districts of Madhya Pradesh.

Project Period & Area of Operation

Start up date: 30 June 2004

I st Phase : 3 years

30 June 2004 to 30 June 200730 June 2004 to 30 June 2007

822 villages in 8 districts

II nd Phase : 5 years

1 July 2007 to 30 June 2012

Approx 4000 villages in 8 districts

Project Approach

• Gram Sabha (village assembly) central to village development - planning, implementation & monitoring

• Micro planning by the village level institutions and associated common interest groups

• Poverty targeting through well being ranking by the gram sabha

• Poverty targeting through well being ranking by the gram sabha

• Direct transfer of untied grant to the village assembly• Project team in the role of a facilitator• Focus on capacity building of primary stakeholders� Developing new & expanding existing opportunities for

alternative / supplementary livelihoods by identifying gaps in existing resource & socio economic situation

� Convergence with other programmes

Convergence with NREG - Why� NREGS - step towards the realization of the right to work. � It is also expected to enhance people’s livelihoods on a

sustained basis, by developing the economic and social infrastructure.

� The choice of works seeks to address the causes of chronic poverty such as drought, deforestation and soil erosion.

� MPRLP designated as implementation Agency for NREGS � MPRLP designated as implementation Agency for NREGS by State Govt. – use our own process of implementation

� Great opportunity to enhance Livelihood of Poor Families

� Investment of Project Fund in other priority area� Demonstration of models of integration� Matches project philosophy� Project expertise� Strong ground preparation� Land less families & Livelihood Opportunity

Convergence with NREG - Strategy

� The strategy crafted out keeping in view the factors that underlie the resource condition and needs of the people. needs of the people.

� Two approaches

� Integrated watershed management in selected clusters based on resource condition

� Soil & moisture conservation intervention based on Household planning (local need & demand) in remaining clusters

Sub Schemes under NREGS

� Kapialdhara: construction of open well, farm pond

� Nandan Falodhyan: Developing orchards

� Shaill Pern: Wasteland development

� Bhoomi Shilp: Field bunding and land development� Bhoomi Shilp: Field bunding and land development

� Vanya: to promote sericulture

� Sahastradhara: irrigation channel construction

� Minakshi: to promote fish farming

� Repair of minors

Brief Profile of Mandla district

� Mandla is situated in the east-central part of Madhya Pradesh

� Mandla has been richly endowed with dense forests. dense forests.

� The geographic area is 8771 square km.

� The population is 8,94,236.

� There are 9 blocks 4 Tehsils and 1247 villages.

Land use classifination of Mandla

Other Unclutivated

Land Excluding both Fallow Land and Cultivable

Net Sown Area23%

Land Use Classification 2004-05

Forest61%

Fallow Land6%

Cultivable Waste Land

2%

Land not Available for Cultivation

6%

Cultivable Waste Land

2%

Rainfall

� Rainfall ranges between 1200 to 1600 mm annually

Month wise Rainfall Data (mm)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June

5.2 17.8 23.5 4.1 13.4 149.4

July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

61.1 412.2 144.1 57.1 1.2 0

Constraints and Opportunity

Particulars Constraint Opportunity

Production Low and low rate of adoption of

improved practices

Good soil, improved crop varieties

Rainfall Short duration, high intensity Overall quantum is good, availability of

moisture for longer duration, area available

for water harvesting structure

Soil depth High rate of top soil erosion Traditional conservation practice and good

soil depth in planes

Soil type Good quality soil, traditional conservation Soil type Good quality soil, traditional conservation

practices

Market support No or poor market support, market is

not poor sensitive

Linkages can be developed if organic

farming is promoted

Information No proper information dissemination

mechanism according to farmer

demand, Low literacy rate.

Dependency only on traditional

knowledge

Various government porgramme which

provides information in different

mode/mediums.

Cash flow Irregular, high debt, limited cash crops,

no banking services

SHG movement, NREGS, Government

schemes

Infrastructure Remote location BRGF, PMGSY, NREGS

Water Harvesting and Agricultural Development

� NREGS provides opportunity to create infrastructure which can be used for livelihood generation.

� It provides wages to labour and assets is output of labour.

Land development, Field bunding, open well, farm � Land development, Field bunding, open well, farm pond, gully plugging, catchment treatment, stop dam etc can be done using planned approach

� These infrastructure will contribute in overall production which will lead to sustainable agriculture

Cross Section AnalysisSystem Hilly area is covered

with good forest in some

part and some parts it is

degrading

Upland Upland Mid up Land Medium land Low land

Soil texture Black cotton in some

area, loamy

Loamy and Murom with

some gravels in some

area

Loamy, murom with,

and clay

Loamy and clay

in some parts

Clay, black cotton

soil in majority of

area

Clay and black

cotton soil in

majority of area

Soil depth Mix of good, shallow

and average

shallow Shallow to moderate Moderate Good soil depth Good soil depth

soil moisture

duration

Good up to October Good up to October Good up to

November

Good up to Mid

Feb

Good throughout

year

Good throughout

year

Fertility status Moderate Not very good Not very good moderate Good to high high

Cropping system Forest crops, grasses,

some degrades patches

Grasses, shrubs, fallow

land, nizer, miner millets,

upland paddy single crop

fallow land system is

being practices

Double crop system:

mostely rice based

system: rice/maize,

lentil, gram, pea:

mostly traditional

Double crop

system: rice

based farming

system mostly

Rice,

Mono crop

Rice,on bund pigeon

pea

Mono crop rice

bund pigeon pea

being practices mostly traditional

varieties

Rice,

lentil/wheat

Constraints/

Problem

Soil erosion in degraded

area,

Shallow soil depth with

poor soil quality

Soil erosion

Poor quality soil

Shallow soil depth

High rate of moisture loss

Poor management of

nutrients received from

forest

Soil erosion

High rate of

moisture loss

Limited availability of

nutrients in soil

Low productivity

Low production

Small plot size

Use of

traditional

practices for

production

Low production

Small plot size

Use of traditional

practices for

production

Water logging

Low production

Small plot size

Use of traditional

practices for

production

Water logging

Poor drainage

Opportunities Rich biomass from

forest

Availability of nutrients

from forest if managed

properly

Support in maintaining

eco system

Receives good quantity of

nutrient and bio mass

from upper ridges

If proper conservation

practices are adopted

than production can be

enhanced

Fodder for livestock

Bio mass

Labour

Traditional

conservation

practices

Fodder for livestock

Bio mass

Labour

Traditional

conservation

practices

Fodder for

livestock

Bio mass

Labour

Traditional

conservation

practices

Fodder for livestock

Moisture availability

Bio mass

Labour

Traditional

conservation

practices

Fodder for livestock

Good quality soil

and land

Round the year

availability of

moisture and water

Kapildhara

Objective

To collect sub surface flow of water in form of Dug wells, farm pond, small pond and the like.

Why this sub scheme?

It is seen that due to the presence of basalt layer, the It is seen that due to the presence of basalt layer, the ground water recharge capacity of the region is very low.

Farm Pond and Open Wells provides an opportunity to extract sub surface flow of the region without exploiting its ground water reserve.

Criteria for Beneficiary Selection

1. Scheduled tribe and scheduled caste families,

2. BPL families (not mandatory for SC & ST families), families),

3. Beneficiary of land improvement activities and

4. Indira Awas Yojana families.

Steps for implementation of Kapildhara

�Selection of beneficiary

�Selection, recommendation and approval of workapproval of work

�Preparation of estimates and approval

�Construction of structure

Design

and cost

estimates

Type of land strata Diameter in

Meter

Depth in

Meter

Lining in

Meter

Basalt 5.00 12.00 3.00

Rocks other than Basalt 4.00 12.00 3.00

Brick linking in Alluvium 2.5 20.00 20.00

RCC Lining in Alluvium

(Ring Well)

2.00 10.00 10.00

Well recharge pit for open well: 3X3X3 meter; cost estimate

Rs. 3500/ RP

Sand

Sand

Bolder

Pipe

Recharge pit

Farm Pond: For One Hectare Cross section of Farm Land

Details Length Width Depth Quantity

Excavation work 15X15+6X6

3.00 meter

391.5 M3

2

Hard soil (50%) 391.5X1/2 196.75 M3

Hard Murom (50%) 391.5X1/2 196.75 M3

Inlet - outlet

9 M

12M

18 M

21 M

21 M

12 M

3 M

Assets created through NREGS

Sub

scheme

Particular/ sub

scheme

No. of

villages

No. of

families

covered

Quantity Area Expenditure

In Rs.

Kapildhara No. of Farm

ponds59 64 64 32 ha

irrigation at

least once

2070129

least once

No. of Wells 23 23 23 Ha

Bhumi

Shilp

Area coverage

under bunding

256

91.48 ha 790109

CPW

constructed

7988 running

meters.966566

Gulley plugging 660 no.s and

1387.10rm.672746.5

Nandan

FalodyanAonla, Guava, Lemon,

Custurd apple, Jack

Fruit

209 HH 12270 78 Ha. 24,000,00

Results� With average water available for 2 meter in each well of 15 meter

diameter additional potential for irrigation created is 39.28 m3. Thus total additional irrigation potential created 903.57 m3

� By constructing a total 64 farm ponds additional water availability estimated is roughly 25056 M3.

� This will help in conserving more water within the village boundary and increase duration of sub soil moisture which will definitely contribute in production of crops. contribute in production of crops.

� With the help of water lifting devices cropping pattern is changing

� Farmers, who got support through these interventions, are now taking two crops with assured irrigation.

� The initiative taken under NREGS produced varied degree of outcomes mainly increased areas for water conservation and harvesting which can be used for agriculture production.

Outcome

� Soil moisture increased.

� Increased irrigated area.

� Farmers who have got farm pond or well are taking at least two assured crops in a year.

� Farmers risk bearing ability increased. Shift in � Farmers risk bearing ability increased. Shift in vegetable cultivation is one strong indicator

� It helps in taking new crops i.e. mulberry based sericulture, Vegetable farming etc.

� It also generates more wage employment in the district.

Lessons learnt

� The most important learning is how to convince community that is living in high rainfall area to go for conservation measures.

� There is a need to immediately work on enhancing awareness on conservation of surface water even if there is good or bad rainfall.

� Regarding planning aspect it should be based on resource availability and need of community and linkages or importance with livelihoods interventions then only assured community participation and management is possible.then only assured community participation and management is possible.

� All the activities related to conservation should be done on cluster basis using the analysis done by various technical agencies like ground water board, irrigation department, etc. This will support in preparing logical plans as per requirement of the area.

� All resource development should be linked with production activities which are directly related to livelihoods of the family.

� After construction and repair of these resources additional support to use them for productive purpose is must.

� Productive link analysis is must. After this analysis we must discuss this with beneficiaries to make them understand importance of input made on it.

Strategies for upscaling

� Prepare shelf of project for construction of farm ponds, open well, well recharging structures. Make presentation in the Gram Sabha for approval. After that get approval from three tier PRI system. Ensure fund release as per demand and time plan from Zila Panchayat.

� Capacity building of stakeholders on productive aspect � Capacity building of stakeholders on productive aspect related to this activity.

� Orientation of field functionaries

� Ensuring more funds are available for this activity at village level

� Sharing of learning at various forums for wider circulation.

� Documentation of success stories.

ThanksThanks