rt f n l proutes for nuclear power development: iaea’sview...

R t f N l PRoutes for Nuclear Power Development:

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p

IAEA’s View BuildingIAEA s View

P. Vincze,Section Head,

Division of Nuclear [email protected]

IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency

@ g

Three “Pillars” of the IAEA

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Focus: Nuclear Energy SystemsTo accelerate and enlarge contributionof atomic energy to peace…

SUPPORT: Sharing best practices/experience

CATALYZE: International cooperation,advanced and innovative technologies, long term visionlong term vision

BUILD: Knowledge and experience in developing countries, capacity for

Disposal

g yinformed decision making

With due regard to safety, security,

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safeguard worldwide

Our Functions

• Technical cooperation (TC)

• Coordinated research projects• Focussed efforts: new countries, safety, security• Review missions: INIR, OSART• Publications: Safety Standards, Nuclear Energy y gy

Series• Conferences, WS, networks • Information: INIS, Library, databases• Training

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g

Content

• World challenges and nuclear powerWorld challenges and nuclear power• Nuclear power programs

• operating fleet• operating fleet• expansion of nuclear programs• new countries nuclear infrastructure• new countries - nuclear infrastructure• human resourceC l i• Conclusions

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World Challenges and Nuclear PowerWorld Challenges and Nuclear Power


Status of Nuclear Power in 2009

• About 13 900 reactor years of experience

• 437 power reactors in operation (installed capacity about 370 GWe)

• Average plant load factor: about 80%

• Contributions to global electricity: ~16%Contributions to global electricity: 16%

• Low electricity cost, good safety records

• 56 reactors under construction

• 37 constructions in Asia

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World Challenges - Nuclear Opportunities

• Climate change• Climate change• Energy security• Improved operations,

performance record• Fossil price rise

• Economic crisis

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Increasing Number of Countries Considering a Nuclear Power Programme

29 With Operating NPPs60 Consider Nuclear Power in energy mix12 Prepare NP programmes20 New countries consider a Nuclear Power

29 With Operating NPPs60 Consider Nuclear Power in energy mix12 Prepare NP programmes20 New countries consider a Nuclear Power

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Programme in operation by 2030Programme in operation by 2030Operating

Considering

Low and High Projections

HighLow800 800

600 600

800

748 GWe in operation, 6-21 new countries

400W(e

)

400W(e

)

473 GWe in operation, 2-6 new countries

200

GW

200

GW

0 0

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1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

history 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Nuclear SafetyUnplanned scrams per year

Industrial accidentsper 1 mln man-hoursp

S WANO

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Source: WANO

Regulatory Framework

IAEA Safety StandardsIAEA Safety Standards and Legal Instrumentsand Legal Instruments

Safety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals

RequirementsRequirements

Safety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals

Safety GuidesSafety Guides

RequirementsRequirements

Safety GuidesSafety Guides

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Nuclear Power ProgramsNuclear Power Programs

Support for Operating Nuclear Power Plants


Important issues on Operating NPPs

• High performance: maximize safe and reliable, and economic operationp• Ageing effects and mechanisms• Advanced technology development for condition monitoring of

systems, structures and componentsM d i ti f Di it l I&C t• Modernization of Digital I&C systems

• Heavy components replacement

Considering life extension 95% of Operating NPPs• Considering life extension: 95% of Operating NPPs • Develop ageing management program • Established plant life management program for long term

operationoperation • Start to think about NPP operation beyond 60 years

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IAEA Approaches to support MS for excellence for operating NPPs

• Services to assist Member States through Technical Cooperation

• Development of series of tech. guidelines & reports

• Plant life management Technical Cooperation projects

• Training courses

• Plant life management• Life extension approaches• Ageing Management

• Competitiveness of • Training courses• Workshops• Expert Missions• Equipment procurement

• Competitiveness of operation

• Optimization of Maintenance/ ISI/ NDE Equipment procurement

• Engineering review services

/ ISI/ NDE• Outage management • Reactor Pressure Vessel

Integrity• Advanced technical

application• Digital I&C application

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PLiM-SALTO Review Services

Support to establish PLiM Programme under TC project

• Argentina - PLiM programme for Embalse NPPArgentina PLiM programme for Embalse NPP• China - Ageing management of Critical Components • Hungary - License Renewal of Paks Nuclear Power Plant Operation• Mexico - Life Management programme for Laguna Verde NPPsg p g g• Ukraine - Action Plans for Nuclear Power Plant Lifetime Management• Pakistan - Development of Capabilities in Automatic UT and Material

Corrosion testing for Assessment of Structural Integrity

Review missions (SALTO peer review services) implemented:• South Ukraine NPP (Mar 2007)

K i 1 NPP (K J l 2007)• Kori 1 NPP – (Korea – July 2007) • Dukovany NPP – (Czech Rep – April 2008)• Paks NPP – (Hungary – Sep 2008)

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• Borssele NPP – (Netherlands – Nov 2009)

Operation Experience Feedback – Power Reactor Information System (PRIS)

RDS N 2A l

Operating E i

RDS-No.2

PRISPRISAnnual

publications

Experiencewith NPP in MS ( 1100 pages)

WEBWEDASOn-line access

www.iaea.org/programmes/a2WEBSITE

PRIS- PCOn-line access

PRIS Statistics

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PRIS Statistics

PRIS : Power Reactor Information SystemRDS : Reference Data Series

Planned Activities• Program Aspects

• Development of PLiM Models• Development of spare parts supply optimization modelsDevelopment of spare parts supply optimization models

• Technical Aspects• Analysis of operational feedback and possible update of International

GALL reportp• Fatigue analysis procedures• Concrete ageing with special emphasis to unlined pre-stressed

structures,O G• Operation Guidelines

• International Coordinated Research Project• Review and benchmark of calculation methods on piping wall thinning

d t i i i NPPdue to erosion-corrosion in NPPs • Approaches for the continued operations beyond 60 years in NPPs

• Knowledge management

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• 3rd International PLiM Symposium in 2012 (USA)

Nuclear Power ProgramsNuclear Power Programs

Expansion of Nuclear Programs


Expanding Programs Need

• Solid energy planningSolid energy planning• Strategic plans – long term thinking• Effective implementation plans construction• Effective implementation plans - construction

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Nuclear Programme in Perspective

INPRO objectives:To ensure that NES contributes to sustainable energyTo ensure that NES contributes to sustainable energy needs of the 21st century; Technology holders and users consider jointly desired innovations in nuclear reactors and fuel cyclesy

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Number of New Construction Initiation

GW(e) No

10

15

5

10

01 2 3 4 5 62004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

GW(e) 1.03 3.4 3.3 7.6 10.5 12.9

No 2 4 4 7 10 13

008 2009

IAEA 22Rapidly increase of number of construction unit

Available Advanced Water Cooled Reactor TechnologiesTechnologies


Competition with Operating NPPs Life Extension

APR 1000/1400APR-1000/1400

AP-1000

ATMEA

APWR/ABWR

EPR

LIFE EXTENSIONPROGRAMME

ATMEA

EPRNEW/EXPANDING

PROGRAMME ESBWR

WWER-1000/1200WWER 1000/1200

ACR-700/ 1000

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Challenges in construction• Limited Manufacturing Capabilities

• Main Components - Long lead components• Number of fabricators with the capabilities to build nuclearNumber of fabricators with the capabilities to build nuclear

modules

• Lack of Construction technologies and management • Specialized equipment (Very High Life Crane)• Specialized equipment (Very High Life Crane)• Modularization and piping

• Limited Human resources• Labor/Resource Availability• Labor union Agreements• Licensing personal capabilities

• Competition between newcomer /expanding Npp programme and life extension programme for operating Npps

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p g pp

Change of Main Suppliers20081980s 1990s 2000s

B&W (U.S)

Framatome (France)

Framatome ANP

AREVA-NP

MitsubishiUSPWR

EPRSiemens (Germany)

Framatome (France)

Siemens (Germany)

Mitsubishi (Japan)

Business collaboration

PWR business cooperation

System 80 +ABB-CE

Korea nuclear industry

OPR-1000 APR-1400Combustion Engineering

ASEA (Sweden)

Brown Boveri

F d ti f i ti

AP1000

Westinghouse (USA)

BWR business ll b ti

AP 600

Toshiba (Japan)

Westinghouse (USA)

G E (USA)

Westinghouse (USA)

Toshiba (Japan)

G.E (USA)Foundation of an association corporation

WWER- 1200

collaboration G.E (USA)ESBWR

AEP (Russia)

Hitachi (Japan)ABWR

ACR 1000ECR - CANDU

AEP (Russia)

Hitachi (Japan)

A C (C )

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ACR 1000ECR - CANDUAECL (Canada) AECL (Canada)

How can we solve these challenges ?

• Early preparation of expanding NPP programme to reserve the long lead material and specialto reserve the long lead material and special equipment

• More regional cooperation and makeMore regional cooperation and make International partnership to minimize the overlap of construction

• Develop the supply chain and the human resource management programme

• Maximize the exchange of the operating experiences for new NPP programme.

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IAEA Activities in Construction Area

• Existing documents• TRS-279, Nuclear Project Management – A guide book, j g g• TECDOC-1390 : Construction and Commissioning Experience

of Evolutionary Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants (2004)

• Under Preparation• Safety Guide - Construction Activities at Nuclear Installations

issued• Project management during construction of NPPs• Advanced Construction Methods for NPPs • Safety Report Series - Safety Culture during Pre-operation y p y g p

Phase

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Nuclear Power Programsg

Supporting Infrastructure Development for NewCountriesCountries


Increasing Number of Countries Considering a Nuclear Power Programme

9

20 20

NationalRegional11

60 Consider Nuclear Power (NP) in energy mix12 Prepare NP programmes20 New countries consider a Nuclear Power

60 Consider Nuclear Power (NP) in energy mix12 Prepare NP programmes20 New countries consider a Nuclear Power Operating N

o. o

f CO

UN

TRIE

S

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Programme in operation by 2030Programme in operation by 2030 Operating

Considering

What are newcomers’ top issues?

• Do I have the people?Do I have the people?• Can I find the money?• Will I have public/government support for the• Will I have public/government support for the

entire life of the project??• What about the waste?

• Will someone sell me a suitable reactor? And can I get fuel and spare parts?

• Is this going to create local jobs?IAEA 31

g g j

Understanding the nuclear power option

• Long-term national commitmentg5-10 years to prepare5-7 years to construct30-60 years to operate100+ years to manage waste

• Long-term international commitmentI t ti l bli tiInternational obligations

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IAEA Position• Considerations before a decision is taken• Nuclear infrastructure - (Milestones)• Nuclear infrastructure - (Milestones)• Self-assessment of national readiness• Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review• Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) Mission

• Coordination of international effortsCoordination of international efforts

Comprehensive approach!

Comprehensive approach!

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Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power (NG-G-3.1)

Nuclear power option included within the

national energy strategy

MILESTONE 1Ready to make a

knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme

MILESTONE 2Ready to invite bids

for the first NPP

MILESTONE 3Ready to commission and

operate the first NPPNuclear power option

included within the national energy strategy

Nuclear power option included within the

national energy strategy

MILESTONE 1Ready to make a

knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme

MILESTONE 2Ready to invite bids

for the first NPP

MILESTONE 3Ready to commission and

operate the first NPP

t pro

gram

PHASE 3

Activities to implement a first NPP

Maintenance and continuous infrastructure improvement

t pro

gram

PHASE 3

Activities to implement a first NPP

Maintenance and continuous infrastructure improvement

re d

evel

opm

ent

PHASE 2

Preparatory work for the construction of a NPP after a policy decision has been taken

a s

re d

evel

opm

ent

PHASE 2



a s

Preparing for assuming commitments & obligations

Infr

astr

uctu

r

PHASE 1

Considerations before a decision to launch a nuclear power programme is taken

been taken

Preparing for assuming commitments & obligations

Infr

astr

uctu

r

PHASE 1



been takenbeen taken

NPP

Pro

ject

Commissioning

Operation / decommissioning

Feasibility study Bidding process

Pre project Project decision making Construction

NPP

Pro

ject

Commissioning

Operation / decommissioning

Feasibility study Bidding process

Pre project Project decision making Construction

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1st. N

10 – 15 years

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

1st. N

10 – 15 years

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power (NG-G-3.1)

• National position • Stakeholder involvement• Nuclear safety• Management• Funding and financing

• Site and supporting facilities

• Environmental protection• Funding and financing• Legislative framework• Safeguards

Environmental protection• Emergency planning• Security and physical

t ti• Regulatory framework• Radiation protection• Electrical grid

protection• Nuclear fuel cycle• Radioactive waste• Electrical grid

• Human resources development

Radioactive waste• Industrial involvement• Procurement

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Human Resources for Nuclear Programs

Nuclear facilities(including NPPs,

Government agencies(ministries, etc.)

Owners,operating

organizations,

Human Resources

fuel cycle, radwaste)

R&D

g ,corporations

(e.g. headquarters)

Human Resourcesfor a Nuclear Power

Programme

Regulators(including nuclear)

R&Dorganizations

gOrganizations involved in

radioactive waste activitiesPeople are likely to be the worst bottleneck

Educationalinstitutions

People are likely to be the worst bottleneck

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institutions

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37

International Conference on HRD for Introducing/Expanding Nuclear Power Programs

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates14 – 18 March 2010

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Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure ReviewINIR Missions

• Self-evaluations prior to INIR

• Review of all 19 issues• Based on the Evaluation

th d l dmethodology and Milestones Guide

• Takes into account prior• Takes into account prior mission reports

• Assists member states inAssists member states in identifying gaps, action plans to fill the gaps

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Effectiveness of Support: Coordination

• International initiatives in support of newcomers• AFNI, EC, GNEP, WANO, WNA, bilateral arrangementsAFNI, EC, GNEP, WANO, WNA, bilateral arrangements• Players in the market (suppliers, consultants)

• IAEA’s support has limitation

C di ti• Coordination may • Address gaps in the international efforts• Support effective use of resourcesSupport effective use of resources• Avoid overlap & speak in one voice• Help international confidence building on the country’s

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nuclear power programme

Agency’s Activities For Newcomers in 2010

• Workshops, Technical Meetings

• 4-5 INIR Missions

• Finalize Reports: Workforce Planning, Bid p g,Specification and Evaluation , Managing Siting

• Continue efforts: Alternative Contracting &Continue efforts: Alternative Contracting & Ownership, NPP-Electrical Grid interface, Industrial Capacity, Financing Issues

• Launch new efforts: Nuclear Law (vol. 3), environmental issues, strategies and

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gknowledgeable decision-making

IAEA’s role in support for newcomers

• Provide comprehensive, unbiased and impartiald iadvice

• Provide guidance, conduct reviews, and supportof capacity buildingp y g

• Encourage transparency• Build international confidence in a country’s

ti lnational programme

What IAEA cannot do:What IAEA cannot do:• Make and implement decisions

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Infrastructure publication WEB site

• http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/ninfrastructure.asp

• http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NESeries/ClickableMap/

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Conclusions

• Growing expectations for Nuclear Power

• Increasing number of new countries

B l d d t k l d bl• Balanced, prudent, knowledgeable, transparent decision-making is needed

• Agency promotes comprehensive approach to assistance and internationalapproach to assistance and international cooperation

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…Thank you for your attention


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