T&DProtection & Control

MiCOM P433, P435, P437Distance Protection Devices

MiCOM P433, P435, P437Distance Protection

Devices

Application and scope

The MiCOM P433, P435 andP437 Distance Protection Devicesare used for selective short-circuitprotection, ground fault protection(UK: earth fault) and overloadprotection in medium, high andextra high voltage systems. Thesystems can be operated as solidlygrounded, low impedancegrounded (UK: solidlyearthed/resistance earthed),resonant grounded (UK: PetersenCoil) or insulated neutral systems.

The devices have the followingcommon main functions:• Fault detection logic using

• Overcurrent • Undervoltage• Under-impedance with load

blinding• Neutral overcurrent and/or

neutral displacement voltage• Distance protection with

• Polygonal or circular trippingcharacteristics

• Six distance zones• Zone 1 extension• Timer stages per zone and two

additional back-up timer stages• Directional voltage memory

• Measuring circuit monitoring• Back-up overcurrent time

protection• Protective signaling (channel

aided scheme logic)• Auto-reclosing control• Definite time overcurrent

protection, 4 stages• Inverse time overcurrent

protection, 1 stage, directional

• Over/undervoltage protection• Over/underfrequency protection• Thermal overload protection• Switch-on-to-fault protection• Circuit breaker failure protection• Limit value monitoring• Programmable scheme logic.

The P433 and P435 distanceprotection devices have thefollowing additional main functionsespecially for ground fault detectionand direction determination inPetersen Coil grounded or insulatedneutral power systems:

• Directional power protection• Ground fault direction

determination using steady statevalues

• Transient ground fault directiondetermination (optional)

• Ground fault protection signaling• Ground fault tripping

The P435 and P437 distanceprotection devices have thefollowing additional main functionsfor use in HV/EHV power systems:

• Power swing blocking• Auto-reclosing control (single and

three pole)• Automatic synchronism check

(optional)• Ground fault (short circuit)

protection (UK: Directional earthfault protection, DEF)

• Ground fault (short circuit)protection signaling (UK: DEFscheme logic)

All main functions are individuallyconfigurable and can be disabledor enabled by the user as desired.By means of a straight forward

configuration procedure, the usercan adapt the device flexibly to thescope of protection required ineach particular application. Due tothe powerful, freely configurablelogic of the device, specialapplications can beaccommodated.

In addition to the features listedabove, as well as comprehensiveself monitoring, the following globalfunctions are available in thedevices:

• Parameter subset selection (4 alternative setting groups)

• Operating data recording (time tagged signal logging)

• Overload data acquisition

• Overload recording (time tagged signal logging)

• Ground fault data acquisition

• Ground fault recording (time tagged signal logging)

• Measured fault data

• Fault recording (time tagged signal loggingtogether with disturbancerecording of all measuredsignals: phase and residual

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MiCOM P433, P435, P437Distance Protection Devices

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current, phase-ground voltages,neutral displacement and busbarreference voltage)

The P433/435/437 are ofmodular design. The pluggablemodules are housed in a robustaluminium case and electricallyconnected via an analogue and adigital bus printed circuit board.

The nominal currents or nominalvoltages, respectively of themeasuring inputs, can be set withthe help of function parameters.

The nominal voltage range of theoptical coupler inputs is 24 to 250Vdc without internal switching.

The auxiliary voltage input for thepower supply is a wide rangedesign with a nominal voltagerange of 48 to 250V dc and 100to 230V ac. An additional versionis available for the lower nominalvoltage range of 24 to 36V dc.

All output relays are suitable forboth signals and trip duties.

The optional PT 100 input is leadcompensated, balanced and

linearised for PT 100 resistancethermometers per IEC 60751.

The optional 0 to 20mA inputprovides open circuit and overloadmonitoring, zero suppressiondefined by a setting, plus the optionof linearising the input variable via20 adjustable interpolation points.

Two freely selected measuredsignals (cyclically updatedmeasured operating data andstored measured fault data) can beoutput as a load independent directcurrent via the two optional 0 to20mA outputs. The characteristicsare defined via 3 adjustableinterpolation points allowing aminimum output current (4mA, forexample) for receiver side opencircuit monitoring, knee pointdefinition for fine scaling and alimitation to lower nominal currents(10mA, for example).

Where sufficient output relays areavailable, a freely selectedmeasured variable can be output inBCD-coded form via contacts.

Control and display

• Local control panel

• 17 LED indicators, 12 of whichallow freely configurable functionassignment

• PC interface

• Communication interface(optional).

Information exchange is via thelocal control panel, PC interfaceand the optional communicationinterface. Using this informationinterface, the devices can beintegrated with substation controlsystems or telecontrol systems.

Figure 1: Functional overview

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Main functions

Main functions are autonomousfunction groups and can beindividually configured or disabledto suit a particular application.Function groups that are notrequired and have been disabledby the user are masked completely(except for the configurationparameter) and functional support iswithdrawn from such groups.

This concept permits an extensivescope of functions and universalapplication of the device in a singledesign version, while at the sametime providing for a clear andstraight forward setting procedureand adaptation to the protectionand control task underconsideration.

Distance protection fault detection logic

The distance protection devices areequipped with an elaborate faultdetection system that can beadapted to the individual powersystem. Even when the faultdetection conditions areunfavourable it will ensure reliablefault detection as well as selectivefault type determination.

For this purpose, the following faultdetection measurement elements areimplemented in the devices (Figure 2):

• Phase selective overcurrentdetection (I>>)

• Phase selective undervoltagedetection (V<)

• Phase selective angle dependentunderimpedance detection withadjustable load blinding (Z<)

• Ground fault detection withadjustable neutral point treatment(using the residual current IN>and/or neutral displacementvoltage VNG>).

Undervoltage and under-impedancedetection can be enabledseparately.

All fault detection measurementelements operate simultaneously.

Inrush stabilisation

The operate function of overcurrentdetection can be stabilised underinrush conditions if desired. The ratio of the second harmoniccomponent of the phase currents tothe fundamental serves as thecriterion. This stabilisation is eitherphase selective or effective acrossall three phases depending on thechosen setting.

Fuse failure monitoring

A failure of the measuring voltagecaused by a short circuit or linebreaks in the secondary circuit, canbe detected by the internal fusefailure monitoring function. In thisevent, the distance protectionfunction will automatically beblocked and if appropriate, theback-up overcurrent time protectionfunction will be activated.

Phase selection

P433 and P435 devices evaluatethe distance decision only for onefault loop. This loop is selecteddepending on the fault typedetermined by the fault detectionlogic and the set loop preference.

P437 devices evaluate the distancedecision for all fault loops. These loops are selected dependingon the fault type determined by thefault detection logic and – whereapplicable – to the set looppreference, eg. if only phase-phaseloop should be evaluated in case ofphase-phase ground faults.

Directional voltage memory

Directional determination requires avoltage memory for the followingreasons:

• Measuring voltage is too smallfor short fault distances

• Transients in the presence ofcapacitive voltage transformers

• Protection of series compensatedlines.

To eliminate these problems, thedistance protection devices areequipped with a voltage memorywith continuous writing of thephase-phase voltage VAB into a ringmemory as long as the voltage andfrequency conditions are satisfied.

The directional determinationelement can access the voltagememory when the measuredvoltages fall below a set value.Frequency compensation allows thememory to be used as a validdirectional reference for up to 2seconds after fault inception.

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Figure 2:Fault detection characteristic(Setting values: see address list)

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Distance and directionaldetermination

For measured angles within therange –45° to +135°, a ‘forward’ direction decision isissued, for angles outside thisrange, a ‘backward’ directiondecision ensues. The distancedecision is obtained by comparingthe measured impedance with theset polygonal or circular trippingcharacteristic (see Figure 3).

Six independent distance zones canbe set in total. Each zone can beset as forward directional,backward directional or nondirectional to suit requirements.

Additional zone extension factorsfor phase-phase and phase-groundloops may be set for zone 1. Zoneextension is controlled by integratedfunctions such as auto-reclosingcontrol, protective signaling or byan external signal.

With the P433 and P435, the fourthzone can be used as a specialzone depending on the setoperating mode, eg. to allow auto-reclosing only on the overhead linesection in cable/line systems or tocompensate the bundle conductoreffect. With the P437, the sixthzone is permanently measured andcould be used in user definedscheme logic.

Tripping timer stages

Each of the distance zones isassigned a settable timer stage.Additional timers serve asdirectional and non-directionalback-up timer stages, respectively.Once the back-up timer stages haveelapsed, the tripping decisionproceeds independent of distancemeasurement.

All timer stages are initialised whena fault is detected. All tripping timerstages can be used separately.

Mutual compensation

When protecting parallel lines, caremust be taken for the effect ofmutual coupling of the lines in thezero sequence system. The P437could optionally be equipped withan additional CT input to measurethe residual current of the parallelline. This current can be taken intoaccount by the calculation of theground fault loop impedances,depending on a settable ratio of theresidual currents of the two lines.

Power swing blocking (P435 and P437 only)

Power sings between generatorsdue to severe load variations orsystem faults, may cause measuredimpedances to enter distancezones. To avoid incorrect tripping,the devices measure the ratedchange of power over a two cyclewindow to implement blocking forthe duration of the swing.

Switch-on-to-fault protection

Closing of a circuit breaker mightinadvertently lead to a short circuitfault due to a maintenance groundclamp not yet removed, forexample.

The function ‘switch-on-to-faultprotection’ provides for anundelayed protective trippingduring a settable time after amanual close command has beenissued. Depending on the operatingmode, either a trip command withinitialisation of the fault detectionlogic or a zone extension ofdistance protection according to theset zone extension factors results.

Measuring circuit monitoring

The voltage measuring circuits needto be monitored for short circuitsand line breaks. In preference, theauxiliary contact of the voltagetransformer m.c.b. is used to blockthe voltage dependent protectionfunction in the event of a shortedmeasuring circuit. Additionally,internal monitoring can be activatedso as to check for plausibility of themeasured zero sequence andnegative sequence components ofcurrent and voltage. If voltageunbalance is diagnosed then all

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Figure 3:Tripping characteristic Zone 1(Setting values: see address list)

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voltage dependent protectivefunctions such as distancemeasurement are blockedautomatically.

Furthermore, negative sequencecurrent and voltage are monitoredfor compliance with set limit values.If the limit value is exceeded for aset period of time then a signal isissued.

Current unbalance monitoring canbe used to implement functions suchas circuit breaker pole discrpancy.

Back-up overcurrent timeprotection

When a fault occurs in the voltagemeasuring circuit, distancemeasurement is no longer possible.In this case, a one stage back-upovercurrent time protection function(BUOC) can be enabledautomatically. Activation of the auto-reclose control function is optionalduring BUOC operation.

Back-up overcurrent time protectionstarting can be blocked by inrushstabilisation if desired (see‘Distance Protection’).

Channel aided scheme logic

Protective signaling

The distance reach is usually set tovalues below 100% line length soas to avoid overlapping of adjacentsubstations. Protective signaling(teleprotection scheme logic)extends the reach of protection to100% by a logic operation on thesignals transmitted by the remotesubstation.

Protective signaling can beoperated using one of the followingschemes shown in the table below.

With P437 phase selective signaltransmission is possible.

Where required, the followingadditional features can beactivated:

• Weak infeed trip logic

• Echo

• Transient blocking

• Frequency monitoring (de-blocking)

A test send signal can be triggeredvia any of the device interfaces.

Automatic synchronism check(P435 and P437 only/optional)

This function can be used inconjunction with automatic ormanual (re)closure. In non radialnetworks this ensures that reclosurewill proceed only if the synchronismconditions are met.

Auto-reclosing control

The internal auto-reclosing control(ARC) capabilty depends on thedevice type:

• P433: only 3 pole

• P435: 1/3 pole, start dependent

• P437: 1/3 pole, trip dependent.

ARC cycles with an high speedreclosure (HSR) and up to ninesubsequent time delay reclosures(TDR) are possible. HSR and TDRare independently configurable. For special cases, tripping prior toan HSR or TDR can be delayed.Triggering of the ARC function viabinary inputs (tripping by aprotective device operating inparallel) can be effected.

Single pole tripping of the P435and P437 devices is possible withsingle phase faults (1pG) andisolated two phase faults (2p). Via three binary inputs, the phaseselective tripping signals of aprotective device operating inparallel, can be used for aplausibility check of the device’sown tripping decision.

HSR and TDR reclosures arecounted and signaled separately.

Test HSR can be triggered via anyof the device interfaces.

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Tripping time characteristics of Inverse Time Overcurrent Protection

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Ground fault (short circuit)protection (P435 and P437 only)

In the event of single phase faultswith high fault contact resistances,conventional distance algorithmsmay not be sufficiently sensitive.This fault condition is covered bythe device with a highly sensitiveintegrated back-up protectionfunction, namely a zero sequencepower directional protectionfunction using current and voltageof the zero sequence network forfault and directional determination.When the set operate values VNG>and IN> are exceeded, detectionand selective clearance of singlepole faults can be performed.

Ground fault (short circuit) protection signaling (P435 and P437 only)

In order to achieve high speedtripping by the ground fault (short circuit) protection function, thedevice is equipped with asupplementary ground fault (short circuit) protection signallinglogic. The operating mode of thislogic function is in parallel to andindependent of the protectivesignalling function of distanceprotection. The only limitationswould result if a commontransmission channel is used.

The following operating modes aresupported:

• Signal comparison releasescheme

• Signal comparison blockingscheme

The following functions can beactivated as required to suit theindividual application:

• Weak infeed trip logic

• Echo

• Transient blocking

• Frequency monitoring

A test send signal can be triggeredvia any of the device interfaces.

Definite time overcurrentprotection

A four stage definite timeovercurrent protection (DTOC)function can be activated in parallelto distance protection. Three separate measuring elementsare available for this purpose:

• Maximum phase current

• Negative sequence current

• Residual current

Starting of the phase and negativesequence current stages can beblocked by inrush stabilisation (see‘distance protection’) if desired.

Inverse time overcurrentprotection

The single stage inverse timeovercurrent protection (IDMT)function operates with threeseparate measuring elements:

• Maximum phase current

• Negative sequence current

• Residual current

For the individual measuringelements, the user can select from amultitude of tripping characteristics(see table below).

The IDMT protection function can beoperated in directional mode. The directional decision can eitherbe accepted from the distancemeasuring element or can beformed from the negative sequencecurrent and voltage.

Starting of the phase and negativesequence current stages can beblocked by inrush stabilisation ifrequired (see ‘distance protection’).

No. Tripping time characteristic Constants and formulae (t in s)(k = 0.01 to 10.00) a b c R

0 Definite time t = k

Per IEC 60255-31 Normally inverse 0.14 0.022 Very inverse 13.5 1.002 Extremely inverse 80 2.004 Long time inverse 120 1.00

Per ANSI/IEEE C37.112 Trip Release5 Moderately inverse 0.0515 0.0200 0.1140 4.856 Very inverse 19.6100 2.0000 0.4910 21.607 Extremely inverse 28.2000 2.0000 0.1217 29.10

Per ANSI Trip Release8 Normally inverse 8.9341 2.0938 0.17966 9.009 Short time inverse 0.2663 1.2969 0.03393 0.5010 Long time inverse 5.6143 1.0000 2.18592 15.75

Not per standard11 RI type inverse

Not per standard11 RXIDG type inverse

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Over/undervoltage protection

The over/undervoltage timeprotection function evaluates thefundamental wave of the phasevoltages and neutral displacementvoltage, as well as the positivesequence voltage and negativesequence voltage obtained from thefundamental wave of the threephase-ground voltages. Two definite time delay overvoltagestages each are provided forevaluation of the neutraldisplacement voltage and negativesequence voltage. Two additionaldefinite time delay undervoltagestages each are provided forevaluation of the phase voltagesand positive sequence voltage.

Phase voltage evaluation can beperformed using either the phase-phase voltages or the phase--ground voltages as desired.For evaluating the neutraldisplacement voltage, the user maychoose between the neutraldisplacement voltage formedinternally from the three phase-ground voltages and theneutral displacement voltage formedexternally (from the open deltawinding of the voltage transformer,for example) via the fourth voltagemeasuring input.

Over/underfrequencyprotection

Over/underfrequency protectionhas four stages. Each of these canbe operated in one of the followingmodes:

• Over/underfrequency monitoring

• Over/underfrequency monitoringcombined with differentialfrequency gradient monitoring(df/dt) for system decouplingapplications

• Over/underfrequency monitoringcombined with medium frequencygradient monitoring

• (∆f/∆t) for load sheddingapplications

Directional power protection

(P433 and P435 only)

The directional power protectionmonitors exceeding active andreactive power limit, power dropand reversal of direction atunsymmetrically operated lines.Evaluation of the power isperformed using the fundamentalwave of the three phase currentsand of the three phase-groundvoltages.

Thermal overload protection

Using this function, thermaloverload protection for lines,transformers and stator windings ofHV motors can be realized. The highest of the three phasecurrents serves to track a first orderthermal replica according to IEC 60255-8. The tripping time isdetermined by the set thermal timeconstant τ of the protected objectand the set tripping level Θtripdepending on the accumulatedthermal load Θp:

A warning signal can be issued inaccordance with the set warninglevel Θwarning.

Circuit breaker failureprotection

With the trip command, a timerstage is started for the monitoring ofthe circuit breaker action. If thetimer elapses due to the persistenceof the general starting, a ‘circuitbreaker failure’ signal is issued.This serves to issue a second tripcommand (retrip) or, according tothe users choice, to tripneighbouring protection device(upstream breaker).

The input of a ‘circuit breakerfailure’ signal via an appropriatelyconfigured binary input while thegeneral starting persists, effects anundelayed trip command.

Ground fault directiondetermination using steadystate values(P433 and P435 only)

The ground fault direction isdetermined by evaluating theneutral displacement voltage (eg. from the open delta winding ofthe voltage transformer) and theresidual current (eg. from a corebalance or window type currenttransformer). The directional characteristic can beset to suit the method of systemgrounding (cos ϕ measured forPetersen Coil and sin ϕ circuit forinsulated neutral). In the cos ϕcircuit, the adjustable sector anglealso has an effect so that faultydirection decisions (resulting, forinstance, from the phase angle errorof the current and voltagetransformers) can be suppressedeffectively. Operate sensitivity andsector angle can be set separatelyfor the forward and backwarddirection, respectively.

Alternatively, an evaluation basedon current only can be performed.In this case, only the magnitude ofthe filtered residual current is usedas ground fault criterion.

Both procedures operate with eitherthe filtered fundamental or the fifthharmonic component in accordancewith the chosen setting.

Transient ground faultdirection determination(P433 and P435 only/optional)

The ground fault direction isdetermined by evaluating theneutral displacement voltage,calculated from the three phase--ground voltages and theneutral current on the basis of thetransient ground fault measuringprocedure. The direction decision islatched. The user may select eithermanual or automatic resetting aftera set time delay.

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Limit monitoring

A multitude of currents, voltagesand the measured temperature aremonitored to aid operation of theprotected line. This function is notintended to be used for protectionpurposes, as it has an inherent onesecond delay.

For example, for the 3-phasecurrents, the phase-ground voltagesand the phase-phase voltages thehighest and lowest value isdetermined. These are evaluatedusing an operate value and timedelay set by the user. Thereby, thesecurrents and voltages can bemonitored for exceeding an upperlimit or falling below a lower limit.

Programmable logic

User configurable logic enables theuser to set-up logic operations onbinary signals within a frameworkof Boolean equations. By means ofa straightforward configurationprocedure, any of the protectiondevice signals can be linked bylogic ‘OR’ or ‘AND’ operations withthe possibility of additionalnegation operations.

The output signal of an equationcan be fed into a further, higherorder equation as an input signal,thus leading to a set of interlinkedBoolean equations.

The output signal of each equationis fed to a separate timer stage withtwo timer elements each and achoice of operating modes. Thus theoutput signal of each equation canbe assigned a freely configurabletime characteristic.

The two output signals of eachequation can be configured to eachavailable input signal after logic ORlinking. The user configurable logicfunction is then able to influence theindividual functions without externalwiring (block, reset, trigger, forexample).

Via non-storable continuous signals,monostable trigger signals andbistable stored setting/resettingsignals, the Boolean equations canbe controlled externally via any ofthe device’s interfaces.

Global functions

Functions operating globally allowthe adaptation of the device’sinterfaces to the protected powersystem, offer support duringcommissioning and testing,providing continuously updatedinformation on the operation, aswell as valuable analysis resultsfollowing events in the protectedsystem.

Clock synchronization

The devices incorporate an internalclock with a resolution of 1ms. All events are time tagged basedon this clock, entered in therecording memory appropriate totheir significance and signalled viathe communication interface.Alternatively, two externalsynchronisation signals can be used according to the selectedcommunication protocol: using one of the protocols MODBUS,DNP3.0, IEC 60870-5-103 or IEC 60870-5-101 the device will besynchronised by a time telegramfrom a higher level substationcontrol system or in any other case,it will be synchronised using theIRIG-B signal input. The internalclock will then be adjustedaccordingly and operate with anaccuracy of ±10ms if synchronisedvia protocol and ±1ms ifsynchronised via IRIG-B signal.

Parameter subset selection

The function parameters for settingthe protection functions are, to alarge extent, stored in fourindependent parameter subsets.Switching between these alternativesetting groups is readily achievedvia any of the device´s interfaces.

Operating data recording

For the continuous recording ofprocesses in system operation or ofevents, non-volatile ring memoryentries are provided. The relevantsignals, each fully tagged with dateand time at signal start and signalend, are entered in chronologicalsequence. Included are controlactions such as enabling ordisabling of functions as well aslocal control triggering for testingand resetting. The onset and end ofevents in the network, as far asthese represent a deviation fromnormal operation (overload, groundfault or short circuit, for example)are recorded.

Overload data acquisition

Overload situations in the networkrepresent a deviation from normalsystem operation and can bepermitted for a brief period only.The overload protection functionsenabled in the protection andcontrol units recognise overloadsituations in the system and providefor acquisition of overload datasuch as the magnitude of theoverload current, the relativeheating during the overloadsituation and its duration.

Overload recording

While an overload conditionpersists in the network, the relevantsignals, each fully tagged with dateand time at signal start and signalend, are entered into a non-volatilememory in chronological sequence.The measured overload data, fullytagged with the date and time ofacquisition, are also entered. Up toeight overload situations can berecorded. If more than eightoverload situations occur withoutinterim memory clearance then theoldest overload recording isoverwritten.

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Ground fault data acquisition

While a ground fault in a networkwith isolated neutral or resonantgrounding represents a system fault,it is usually nevertheless possible, inthe first instance, to continue systemoperation without restrictions. The ground fault determinationfunctions enabled in the protectiondevice recognise ground faults inthe system and provide for theacquisition of the associated groundfault data such as, the magnitude ofthe neutral displacement voltageand the ground fault duration.

Ground fault recording

While a ground fault conditionpersists in the power system, therelevant signals, each fully taggedwith date and time at signal startand signal end, are entered into anon-volatile memory inchronological sequence. The measured ground fault data,fully tagged with the date and timeof acquisition, are also entered. Up to eight ground faults can berecorded. If more than eight groundfaults occur without interim memoryclearance then the oldest groundfault recording is overwritten.

Fault data acquisition

A short circuit within the network isdescribed as a fault. The shortcircuit protection functions enabledin the devices recognise shortcircuits within the system andtrigger acquisition of the associatedmeasured fault data such as, themagnitude of the short circuitcurrent and the fault duration. As acquisition time, either the endof the fault or the start of the tripcommand can be specified by theuser. Triggering via an externalsignal is also possible. The acquisition of the measuredfault data is performed in themeasuring loop selected by theprotective device and providesimpedances and reactances as wellas current, voltage and anglevalues. The fault distance isdetermined from the measured shortcircuit reactance and is read outwith reference to the set 100%value of the protected line section.The fault location is output eitherwith each general starting or onlywith a general startingaccompanied by a trip (accordingto the user’s choice).

Fault recording

Fault recording comprises event anddisturbance recording along withthe stored fault measurands. Whilea fault condition persists in thepower system, the relevant signals,each fully tagged with date andtime at signal start and signal end,are entered into a non-volatilememory in chronological sequence.The measured fault data, fullytagged with the date and time ofacquisition, are also entered.Furthermore, the sampled values ofall analogue input variables such asphase currents and phase-groundvoltages are recorded during afault. Up to eight faults can berecorded. If more than eight faultsoccur without interim memoryclearance then the oldest faultrecording is overwritten.

Self monitoring

Comprehensive self monitoringprocedures within the devicesensure that internal hardware orsoftware errors are detected and donot cause malfunctions of theprotective devices.

As the auxiliary voltage is turnedon, a functional test is carried out.Cyclic self monitoring tests are runduring operation. If test resultsdeviate from the default value thenthe corresponding signal is enteredinto the non-volatile monitoringsignal memory. The result of thefault diagnosis determines whethera blocking of the protection devicewill occur or whether a warningonly is issued.

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Control

All data required for operation ofthe protection and control unit areentered from the integrated localcontrol panel. Data important forsystem management is also read outfrom here. The following tasks canbe handled via the local controlpanel:

• Readout and modification ofsettings

• Readout of cyclically updatedmeasured operating data andstate signals

• Readout of operating data logsand of monitoring signal logs

• Readout of event logs (afteroverload situations, ground faultsor short circuits in the powersystem)

• Resetting of the unit andtriggering of further controlfunctions designed to supporttesting and commissioning tasks

The local control panel shown inFigure 4 comprises the local controlelements and functions describedbelow.

Display

(1) The integrated local controlpanel has an LCD display with4 x 20 alphanumericcharacters.

17 LED indicators are provided forsignal display.

(2) 5 LED indicators arepermanently assigned tosignals.

(3) The remaining 12 LED indicatorsare available for freeassignment by the user. A separate adhesive label isprovided for user definedlabeling of these LED indicatorsaccording to the chosenconfiguration.

Menu tree

(4) By pressing the cursor keysand guided by the

LCD display, the user moveswithin a plain text menu. All setting parameters andmeasured variables as well asall local control functions arearranged in this menu which isstandardised for all systemdevices. Changes to the settingscan be prepared and confirmedby means of the ENTER key

which also serves to triggerlocal control functions. In theevent of erroneous entries, exitfrom the EDIT MODE withrejection of the entries ispossible at any time by meansof the CLEAR key . Whenthe EDIT MODE is not activated,pressing the CLEAR key has theeffect of resetting theindications. Pressing the READkey provides direct accessto a preselected point in themenu.

Type label and PC interface

(5) The upper covering flap islabeled with the device typedesignation. Located under theflap is the type identificationlabel with information on theorder number, serial numberand the nominal electricalvalues.

(6) Located under the lowercovering flap is the serialinterface for connecting a PC.

(7) To prevent unauthorizedopening of the lower flap, it canbe sealed using the attachedeyelets.

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Figure 4: Local control panel

Measured value panels

The configuration of the localcontrol panel allows the installationof measured value ‘Panels’ on theLCD display. The Panels areautomatically displayed for certainoperation conditions of the system.Priority increases from normaloperation to operation underoverload conditions and finally tooperation following a short circuit inthe system. The protection devicethus provides the measured valuedata relevant for the prevailingconditions.

Password protection

Access barriers protect the entermode in order to guard againstinadvertent or unauthorisedchanging of parameters ortriggering of control functions

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Mechanical design

The device is supplied in two casedesigns.

• Surface mounting case

• Flush mounting case

With both case designs, connectionis via threaded terminal ends withthe option of either pin terminal orring terminal connection.

Two 40TE flush mounted cases canbe combined to form a complete19” mounting rack.

Figure 5 shows the modularhardware structure of the devices.The plug-in modules can becombined to suit individualrequirements. The device itself canidentify the fitted modules. During each startup, the numberand type of fitted modules areidentified and checked forcompliance with the permissibleconfigurations. As as function of thecomponents actually fitted, thecorresponding configurationparameters are then enabled forapplication.

Transformer module T

The transformer module converts themeasured currents and voltages tothe internal processing levels andprovides for electrical isolation.

Processor module P

The processor module performs theanalogue/digital conversion of themeasured variables as well as alldigital processing tasks.

Transient ground faultevaluation module N

The optional transient ground faultmodule evaluates the measuredvariables according to the transientground fault evaluation scheme.

Local control module L

The local control moduleencompasses all control and displayelements as well as a PC interfacefor running the operating program.The local control module is locatedbehind the front panel andconnected to the processor modulevia a ribbon cable.

Communication module A

The optional communication moduleprovides a serial informationinterface for the integration of theprotection and control unit into asubstation control system. The communication module isplugged into the processor module.

Bus modules B

Bus modules are printed circuitboards (PCBs) without any activecomponents. They provide theelectrical connection between theother modules. Two types of busmodules are used, namely theanalogue and the digital bus PCB.

Binary I/O modules X

The binary I/O modules areequipped with optical couplers forbinary signal input as well as outputrelays for the output of signals andcommands or combinations ofthese.

Analogue module Y

The analogue module is fitted witha PT 100 input, a 20 mA input andtwo 20 mA outputs. One outputrelay each is assigned to two 20 mA outputs. Additionally, fouroptical coupler inputs are available.

Power supply module V

The power supply module ensuresthe electrical isolation of the deviceas well as providing the powersupply. Depending on the chosendesign version, optical couplerinputs and output relays areprovided in addition.

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Figure 5: Hardware structure

13

Technical data

General data

DesignSurface mounting case suitable for wall installation orflush mounting case for 19” cabinets and for controlpanels

Installation positionVertical ±30°

Degree of protectionPer DIN VDE 0470 and EN 60529 or IEC 60529.IP 52; IP 20 for the rear connection area of the flushmounting case.

WeightCase 40T: max. 7 kgCase 84T: max. 11 kg

DimensionsSee dimensions

Terminal connection diagramsSee Location and connections

TerminalsPC interfaceDIN 41652 connector (X6), type D-Sub, 9 pin.

Communication interface Optical plastic fibres (X7 and X8):

F-SMA interface per DIN 47258 or IEC 60874-2 per plastic fibresorBFOC-(ST®) interface 2.5 per DIN 47254-1 or IEC 60874-10 per glass fibreorLeads (X9, X10):Threaded terminal ends M2 for wire cross sections up to 1.5mm2

IRIG-B interface (X11)BNC plug

Current measuring inputsThreaded terminals for pin terminal connection:

Threaded terminal ends M5, self centering with wire protection for conductor cross sections of ≤ 4mm2

orThreaded terminals for ring terminal connection:In preparation

Other inputs and outputsThreaded terminals for pin terminal connection:

Threaded terminal ends M3, self centering withwire protection for conductor cross sections of 0.2to 2.5mm2

orThreaded terminals for ring terminal connection:In preparation

Creepage distances and clearancesPer EN 61010-1 and IEC 60664-1Pollution degree 3 working voltage 250V overvoltage category III, impulse test voltage 5kV

TestsType testTests according to EN 60255-6 or IEC 60255-6

EMCInterference suppressionPer EN 55022 or IEC CISPR 22, Class A

1 MHz burst disturbance testPer EN 60255-22-1 or IEC 60255-22-1, Class III Common mode test voltage: 2.5kVDifferential test voltage: 1.0kVTest duration: > 2s, Source impedance: 200Ω

Immunity to electrostatic dischargePer EN 60255-22-2 or IEC 60255-22-2, Level 3 Contact discharge, single discharges: > 10Holding time: > 5s, Test voltage: 6kV Test generator: 50 to 100MΩ, 150pF/330Ω

Immunity to radiated electromagnetic energyPer EN 61000-4-3 and ENV 50204, Level 3 Antenna distance to tested device:

> 1m on all sidesTest field strength, freq. band 80 to 1000MHz:

10V/mTest using AM: 1kHz /80%Single test at 900 MHz: AM 200Hz/100%

Electrical fast transient or burst requirementsPer IEC 60255-22-4Test severity level 4Rise time of one pulse: 5nsImpulse duration (50% value): 50nsAmplitude: 4kV/2kV, resp.Burst duration: 15ms, Burst period: 300msBurst frequency: 2.5kHzSource impedance: 50Ω

Surge immunity testPer EN 61000-4-5 or IEC 61000-4-5, Level 4Testing of power supply circuitsunsymmetrically/symmetrically operated linesOpen circuit voltage front time/time to half value:

1.2/50µs, Short circuit current front time/time to half value:

8/20µs, Amplitude: 4/2kV, Pulse frequency: > 5/minSource impedance: 12/42Ω

Immunity to conducted disturbances inducedby radio frequency fieldsPer EN 61000-4-6 or IEC 61000-4-6, Level 3Disturbing test voltage: 10V

Power frequency magnetic field immunityPer EN 61000-4-8 or IEC 61000-4-8, Level 4Frequency: 50Hz, Test field strength: 30A/m

Alternating component (ripple) in dc auxiliaryenergizing quantityPer IEC 60255-1112%

InsulationVoltage testPer IEC 60255-5 or EN 610102kV ac, 60sFor the voltage test of the power supply inputs, directvoltage (2.8kV dc) must be used. The PC interfacemust not be subjected to the voltage test.

Impulse voltage withstand testPer IEC 60255-5Front time: 1.2µs, Time to half value: 50µsPeak value: 5kV, Source impedance: 500Ω

Mechanical robustnessVibration testPer EN 60255-21-1 or IEC 60255-21-1Test severity class 1Frequency range in operation:

10 to 60Hz, 0.035mm, 60 to 150Hz, 0.5gFrequency range during transport:

10 to 150Hz, 1 g

Shock response and withstand test, bumptestPer EN 60255-21-2 or IEC 60255-21-2Test severity class 1Acceleration: 5g/15g, Pulse duration: 11ms

Seismic testPer EN 60255-21-3 or IEC 60255-21-3Test procedure A, Class 1Frequency range:

5 to 8Hz, 3.5mm/1.5mm8 to 35Hz, 10/5m/s2,

3 x 1 cycle

Routine testTests per EN 60255-6 or IEC 60255-6

Voltage testPer IEC 60255-52.2kV ac, 1s For the voltage test of the power supply inputs, directvoltage (2.8kV dc) must be used. The PC interfacemust not be subjected to the voltage test.

Additional thermal test100% controlled thermal endurance test, inputs loaded

Environmental conditionsAmbient temperature rangeRecommended temperature range:

–5°C to +55°C or +23°F to +131°FLimit temperature range:

25°C to +70°C or –13°F to +158°F

Ambient humidity range≤ 75% relative humidity (annual mean), up to 56 days at ≤ 95% relative humidity and 40°C, condensation not permissible

Solar radiationAvoid exposure of the front panel to direct solarradiation.

RatingsMeasurement inputsNominal frequency fnom: 50 and 60Hz (settable)Operating range: 0.95 to 1.05fnomOver/Underfrequency protection: 40...70Hz

CurrentNominal current Inom: 1 and 5A (settable)Nominal consumption per phase: < 0.1 VA at InomLoad rating:

continuous: 4 Inomfor 10s: 30 Inomfor 1s: 100 Inom

Nominal surge current: 250 Inom

VoltageNominal voltage Vnom: 50 to 130V ac (settable)Nominal consumption per phase:

< 0.3VA at Vnom = 130V acLoad rating: continuous 150V ac

Binary signal inputsNominal auxiliary voltage Vin,nom:

24 to 250V dcOperating range: 0.8 to 1.1Vin,nom

with a residual ripple of up to 12% of Vin,nomPower consumption per input:

Vin = 19 to 110V dc: 0.5W ±30%Vin > 110V dc: Vin x 5mA ±30%

Output relaysRated voltage: 250V dc, 250V acContinuous current: 5AShort duration current: 30A for 0.5sMaking capacity: 1000W (VA) at L/R = 40msBreaking capacity:

0.2A at 220V dc and L/R = 40ms4A at 230V ac and cos Θ = 0.4

Analogue inputs and outputsDirect current inputInput current: 0 to 26mAValue range: 0.00 to 1.20 Idc,nom (Idc,nom = 20mA)Maximum permissible continuous current: 50mAMaximum permissible input voltage: 17VInput load: 100ΩOpen circuit monitoring: 0 to 10mA (adjustable)Overload monitoring: > 24.8mAZero suppression: 0.000 to 0.200 Idc,nom (adjustable)

Resistance thermometer:Only PT 100 permitted, mapping curve per IEC 60751Value range: –40 to +215°C

(equivalent to –40 to +419°F)3 wire configuration: max. 20Ω per conductor.Open and short circuited input permitted.Open circuit monitoring:

Θ > +215°C (or Θ > +419°F) and Θ < –40°C (or Θ < –40°F)

14

Direct current outputOutput current: 0 to 20mAMaximum permissible load: 500ΩMaximum output voltage: 15V

Power supplyNominal auxiliary voltageVA,nom: 48 to 250V dc and 100 to 230V acor VA,nom: 24V dc (depends on ordering)

Operating rangefor direct voltage: 0.8 to 1.1 VA,nomwith a residual ripple of up to 12% of VA,nomfor alternating voltage: 0.9 to 1.1 VA,nom

Nominal consumptionat VA = 220V dc/maximum number of modules fitted:In case 40TE:

Initial position approx.: 13WActive position approx.: 29W

In case 84TE:Initial position approx.: 13WActive position approx.: 37W

Start-up peak current< 3A, duration 0.25ms

Stored energy time≥ 50ms for interruption of VA ≥ 220 dc

PC interfaceTransmission rate: 300 to 115,200 baud (settable)

Communication interfaceProtocol can be switched between: IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-101, MODBUS, DNP 3.0Transmission rate: 300 to 38400 baud (settable)

Wire leadsPer RS 485 or RS 422, 2kV isolation Distance to be bridged:

peer-to-peer link: max. 1200mmulti-endpoint link: max. 100m

Plastic fibre connectionOptical wavelength: typ. 660 nmOptical output: min. –7.5 dBmOptical sensitivity: min. –20 dBmOptical input: max. –5 dBmDistance to be bridged: max. 45m1)

Glass fibre connection G 50/125Optical wavelength: typ. 820 nmOptical output: min. –19.8 dBmOptical sensitivity: min. –24 dBmOptical input: max. –10 dBmDistance to be bridged: max. 400m1)

Glass fibre connection G 62,5/125Optical wavelength: typ. 820 nmOptical output: min. –16 dBmOptical sensitivity: min. –24 dBmOptical input: max. –10 dBmDistance to be bridged: max. 1400m1)

IRIG-B interfaceFormat B122 Amplitude modulated, 1kHz carrier signal BCD time of year code

1) Distance to be bridged for optical outputs and inputs that areequal on both ends, taking into account a system reserve of3dB and typical fibre attenuation.

Typical characteristic dataMain functionMinimum output pulse for a trip command:

0.1 to 10s (settable)Output pulse for a close command:

0.1 to 10s (settable)

Distance protectionMinimum fault detection time: 12msFault detector reset time 30ms ±10ms Directional sensitivity:

up to 2s after fault detection: ∞2s after fault detection and for switching on to fault: 200 mV ±10%

Shortest tripping time: P433/P435: approx. 19msP437: approx. 16ms

Fault detection and measurement resetting ratio: 0.95

Overcurrent time protectionShortest tripping time: approx. 25msStarting reset time approx. 25ms Starting and measurement resetting ratio: 0.95

Over/undervoltage protectionShortest tripping time: approx. 40msStarting reset time approx. 30ms Starting resetting ratio: settable hyterisis 1...10%

Deviations of the operate valuesReference conditionsSinusoidal signals with nominal frequency fnom, totalharmonic distortion ≤ 2%, ambient temperature 20°C and nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nomDeviationDeviation relative to the set value under referenceconditions

Distance protectionFault detector V<, VNG>, VNG>>: ±3%Fault detector I>, I>>, IN

Setting range 0.1 to 0.25 Inom: ±5%Setting range > 0.25 Inom: ±3%

Fault detector Z< at ϕk = 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°: ±5%Impedance measurement Z<

Deviation at ϕK = 0°, 90°: ±3%Deviation at ϕK = 30°, 60°: ±5%

Directional determination: ±3°

Measuring circuit monitoring Operate values Ineg, Vneg: ±3%

Back-up DTOC protectionOperate value I>: ±3%

Overcurrent time protection Operate values I>, IN>: ±5%

Over/undervoltage protection Operate values V<>: ±3%

Over/underfrequency protection Operate values f<>: ±3%

Directional power protection Operate values V<>: ±3%

Ground fault direction determination Using steady state values Operate values VNG>, IN.act, IN.reac, IN>: ±3%Sector angle: ±1°

Thermal overload protectionOperate value Θ: ±5%

Deviations of the timer stagesReference conditionsSinusoidal signals with nominal frequency fnom, total harmonic distortion ≤ 2%, ambient temperature 20°C and nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nomDeviationDeviation relative to the setting under referenceconditions

Definite time stages±1% +20...40ms

Inverse time stages±5% +10 to 25ms (measured variable greater than 2 Iref)for IEC characteristic extremely inverse and for thermaloverload protection:±7.5% + 10 to 20ms

Deviations in measured dataacquisitionReference conditionsSinusoidal signals with nominal frequency fnom, totalharmonic distortion ≤ 2%, ambient temperature 20°C and nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nomDeviationDeviation relative to the relevant nominal value underreference conditions

Operating dataCurrents/measuring inputs: ±1%Voltages/measuring input: ±0.5%Currents/internally calculated: ±2% Voltages/internally calculated: ±2%Active and reactive power: ±2%Load angle: ±1°Frequency: ±10mHz

Fault dataShort circuit current and voltage: ±3%Short circuit impedance and fault location: ±5%

Internal clockWith free running internal clock: < 1 min./monthWith external synchronization

via protocol, synch. interval ≤ 1 min: < 10msvia IRIG-B signal input: ±1ms

Resolution in fault data acquisitionTime resolution20 sampled values per period

Phase currentsDynamic range: 100 Inom or 25 Inom (settable)Amplitude resolution

at Inom = 1A: 6.1mA rms. or 1.5mA rms.at Inom = 5A: 30,5mA rms. or 7.6mA rms.

Residual currentsDynamic range: 16 IE,nomAmplitude resolution

at Inom = 1A: 0.89mA rms.at Inom = 5A: 4.9mA rms.

VoltagesDynamic range: 150VAmplitude resolution: 9,2 mV rms

15

Address list

Function parameters

Global functionsPC link (PC):Command blocking: No/YesSig./meas.val.block.: No/Yes

Communication link (COMM1):Command block. USER: No/YesSig./meas.block.USER: No/Yes

Binary and analogue output (OUTP):Outp.rel.block USER: No/Yes

Main function (MAIN):Device on-line: No (= off) /Yes (= on)Time switching: Standard time/Daylight saving timeTest mode USER: No/YesNominal frequ. fnom: 50Hz/60HzRotary field: Clockwise rotation/Anti-clockwise rot.Inom CT prim.: 1..10000AIN,nom CT prim.: 1....10000AVnom VT prim.: 0.1....1000.0kVVNG,nom V.T. prim.: 0.1....1000.0kVInom device: 1.0A/5.0AIN,nom device: 1.0A/5.0AVnom VT sec.: 50...130VVNG,nom VT sec.: 50...130VDynamic range I: Highest range/Sensitive rangeConn. meas. circ. IP: Standard/OppositeConn. meas. circ. IN: Standard/OppositeMeas. value rel. IP: 0.000...0.200 InomMeas. value rel. IN: 0.000...0.200 IEnomMeas. value rel. V: 0.000...0.200VnomMeas. val. rel. VNG: 0.000...0.200 Vne,nomSettl. t. IP,max,del: 0.1... 15.0...60.0 minFct.assign. block. 1: see selection tableFct.assign. block. 2: see selection tableTrip cmd.block. USER: No/YesFct.assig.trip cmd.1: see selection tableFct.assig.trip cmd.2: see selection tableMin.dur. trip cmd. 1: 0.10...10.00sMin.dur. trip cmd. 2: 0.10...10.00sClose cmd.pulse time: 0.10...10.00sRC inh.by CB cl.: No/YesFct. assign. fault: see selection table

Parameter subset selection (PSS):Control via USER: No/YesParam.subs.sel. USER:

Parameter subset 1Parameter subset 2Parameter subset 3Parameter subset 4

Keep time: 0.000...65.000s /Blocked

Selfmonitoring (SFMON):Fct. assign. warning: see selection table

Fault recording (FT_RC):Fct. assig. trigger: see selection tablePre fault time: 1...50 periodsPost fault time: 1...50 periodsMax. recording time: 5...750 periods

Main functionsMain function (MAIN):Neutral point treat.:

Low imped. groundingIsol./res.w.start.PGIsol./res.w/o st. PGShort durat. ground.

Phase priority 2pG: Phase-to-phase loopPhase-to-ground loopC before A acyclicA bef. B bef. C cyclA before C acyclicC bef. B bef. A cyclB before A acyclicA before B acyclicC before B acyclicB before C acyclic

Transfer for 1p: Ground/P or G =f(Imed,Imax)Op. mode rush restr.:

WithoutNot phase selectivePhase selective

I> lift rush restr.: 5.0...20.0 Inom/BlockedRush I(2*fn)/I(fn): 10...35%/Blocked

Distance protection (DIST):Enabled USER: No/YesCVT stabilization: No/Yes(P437 only): Zone extens. For 1pG: No/Yes

Power swing blocking (PSB): (P435/P437 only)Enabled USER: No/YesThreshold value: 1...50%Operate delay: 0.06...1.00sRelease delay: 0.06...1.00s

Measuring circuit monitoring (MCMON): Enabled USER: No/YesCurrent monitoring: No/YesIneg>: 0.10...1.00 ImaxOp. mode volt. mon.:

VnegVneg with curr. enabVneg w.CB cont.enab.

Operate delay: 0.00...10.00sFF, V enabled USER: No/YesVpos<, FF: 0.01...0.10VnomVneg>, FF: 0.01VnomVneg<, FF: 0.01...0.10VnomIneg>, FF: 0.01...0.50 InomOperate delay FF, V: 0.00...10.00s

(P435/P437 only):FF,Vref enabled USER No/Yes Oper. delay FF, Vref: 0.00...10.00s

Back-up overcurrent protection (BUOC): Enabled USER: No/YesOperating mode:

Without ARCWith ARC, 3p HSRWith ARC, 1/3p HSR (P435/P437 only)

Switch-on-to-fault protection (SOTF):Enabled USER: No/YesOperating mode:

Trip with starting/Trip with overreachManual close timer: 0.00...10.00s

Protective signaling (PSIG):Enabled USER: No/Yes

Autoreclosing control (ARC):Enabled USER: No/Yes

Automatic synchonism check (ASC):Enabled USER: No/Yes

Ground fault (short circuit) protect. (GFSC): (P435/P437 only)Enabled USER: No/YesIN>: 0.002...0.500 InomVNG>: 0.015...0.500VnomAngle phiG: 0...–90°Start. oper. delay: 0.00...10.00sStart. releas. delay: 0.00...10.00st1 (forward): 0.00...60.00s/Blocked

t2 (backward): 0.00...60.00s/Blockedt3 (non-directional): 0.00...60.00s/BlockedCriteria tS active:

Blocked/forward/non-directionalOperating mode tS: VNG dependent/IN dependentIref,N: 0.01...0.80 Inom/BlockedCharacteristic N:

Definite TimeIEC Standard InverseIEC Very InverseIEC Extr. InverseIEC Long Time Inv.IEEE Moderately Inv.IEEE Very InverseIEEE Extremely Inv.ANSI Normally Inv.ANSI Short Time Inv.ANSI Long Time Inv.RI Type InverseRXIDG Type Inverse

Factor kt,N: 0.05...10.00

Ground fault (short circuit) protectionsignaling (GSCSG): (P435/P437 only)Enabled USER: No/YesOperating mode:

Signal comp. release/Signal comp. block.Channel mode:

Independent channel/Common channelTrip mode:

1/3p pole trip w.HSR3p pole trip w.HSR3p pole trip w/o.HSR

Tripping time: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedRelease time send: 0.00...10.00stBlock: 0.00...10.00sBlock. sig. nondir.: No/YesEcho on receive: No/YesOperate delay echo: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedPulse duration echo: 0.00...10.00stBlock echo: 0.00...10.00sWeak infeed trip:

No/With directional r./With VNG> releaseOp.delay weak infeed: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedFrequency monitoring: No/Yes

Definite time overcurrent protection (DTOC): Enabled USER: No/Yes

Inverse time overcurrent protection (IDMT):Enabled USER: No/Yes

Thermal overload protection (THERM):Enabled USER: No/YesIref: 0.10...4.00 InomFactor kP: 1.05...1.50 Time const. 1 (>Ibl): 1...1000 minTime const. 2(<Ibl): 1...1000 minΘ warning: 50...200%Θ trip: 50...200%Hysteresis Θ trip: 2...30%

Over/undervoltage protection (V<>):Enable USER: No/Yes

Over/underfrequency protection (f<>):Enabled USER: No/YesSelection meas. volt:

Voltage A-GVoltage B-GVoltage C-GVoltage A-BVoltage B-CVoltage C-A

Evaluation time: 3...6 PeriodsUndervolt. block. V<: 0.20...1.00Vnom(/√3)

Directional power protection (P<>):(P433/P435 only)Enabled USER: No/Yes

Circuit breaker failure protection (CBF):Enabled USER: No/YestCBF: 0.00...10.00s/Blocked

16

Ground fault direction determination usingsteady state values (GFDSS):(P433/P435 only)Enabled USER: No/YesOperating mode:

Steady state power/Steady state currentOper. mode GF (pow.):

cos phi circuit/sin phi circuitEvaluation VNG: Calculated/MeasuredMeasuring direction: Standard/OppositeVNG>: 0.02...1.00Vnom(/√3)tVNG>: 0.02...10.00sf/fnom (pow.meas.): 1/5f/fnom (curr.meas.): 1/5IN,act>/IN,reac> LS: 0.003...1.000 IN,nomSector angle LS: 80...89°Operate delay LS: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedRelease delay LS: 0.00...10.00sIN,act>/IN,reac> BS: 0.003...1.000 IN,nomSector angle BS: 80...89°Operate delay BS: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedRelease delay BS: 0.00...10.00sIN>: 0.003...1.000 IN,nomOperate delay IN: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedRelease delay IN: 0.00...10.00s

Ground fault tripping (GFTRP): (P433/P435 only)Enabled USER: No/Yes

Ground fault protection signaling (GFSIG): (P433/P435 only)Enabled USER: No/YesOperate delay: 0.00...10.00sSend reset time: 0.00...10.00sdc loop op. mode:

Transm.relay break c/Transm.relay make co

Transient ground fault directiondetermination (TGFD):(P433/P435 only)Enabled USER: No/YesEvaluation VNG: Sum (VA-B-C-G) /MeasuredMeasurem. direction: Standard/OppositeVNG>: 0.15...0.50Vnom(/√3)Operate delay: 0.05...1.60sIN,p>: 0.10...0.50 InomBuffer time: 0...1200s/Blocked

Limit value monitoring (LIMIT):Enabled USER: No/YesI>:/I>>:/I<:/I<<: 0.10...2.40 Inom/BlockedtI>: /tI>>:/tI<:/tI<<: 1...1000s/Blockedwith U = ULE:

U>:/U>>:/U<:/U<<: 0.10...2.50 Unom/√3/Blocked

tU>:/tU>>:/tU<:/tU<<: 1...1000s/Blocked

with U = ULE:U>:/U>>:/U<:/U<<:

0.10...1.50 Unom/BlockedtU>:/tU>>:/tU<:/tU<<:

1...1000s/Blockedwith U = UNE:

U>:/U>>: 0.010...1.000 Unom/BlockedtU>: /tU>>: 1...1000s/Blocked

with I = ldcIin:I>:/I>>:/I<:/I<<:

0.100...1.100 IgnomtI>: /tI>>:/tI<:/tI<<:

0.00...20.00s/BlockedT>:/T>>:/T<:/T<<: –20...200 °CtT>:/tT>>:/tT<:/tT<<: 1...1000s/Blocked

Logic (LOGIC):Enabled USER: No/Yesvalid for y = ‚1’ ... ‚8’

Set 1 USER: No/Yesvalid for y = = ‚1’ ... ‚32’

Fct.assignm. outp. y: see selection tableOp. mode t output y:

Without timer stageOper./releas.delayOper.del./puls.dur.Op./rel.delay,retrigOp.del./puls.dur.,rtMinimum time

Time t1 output y: 0.00...600.00sTime t2 output y: 0.00...600.00sSig.assig. outp. y: see selection tableSig.assig.outp. y(t): see selection table

Parameter subset(valid for parameter subsets x = 1 to 4)

Distance protection (DIST): I>> PSx: 0.10...20.00 InomI> (Ibl) high r. PSx: 0.10...1.00 InomI> (Ibl) sens. r.PSx: 0.05...1.00 InomOperat. mode V< PSx:

W/o V< startingWith V< start. PGWith V< start.PG,PP

V< PSx: 0.10...0.90Vnom(/√3)Operat. mode Z< PSx:

W/o Z< startingWith Z< starting P-GWith Z< start.PG,PP

Xfw PSx:/Rfw,PG PSx:/Rfw,PP PSx:/Zfw,PG PSx:/Zfw,PP PSx:

0.1...300.0Ω at Inom = 1.0A0.02...60.00Ω at Inom = 5.0A

Zbw/Zfw PSx: 0.10...4.00 Z evaluation PSx:

ZPG=VPG/(IP + kG*IN) /ZPG=VPG/2*IPIN> high range PSx: 0.10...2.00 InomIN> sens. range PSx: 0.05...2.00 InomtIN> PSx: 0.000...0.500sVNG> PSx: 0.02...1.00VnomVNG>> PSx: 0.20...1.00VnomtVNG>> PSx: 0.000...60.000sCharacteristic PSx: Circle/Polygonvalid for y = ‚1’ to ‚6’:

Xy (polygon) PSx: Ry,PG (polygon) PSx: Ry,PP (polygon) PSx:

0.10...200.00Ω at Inom = 1.0A0.02...40.00Ω at Inom = 5.0A

αy (polygon) PSx: 40...90°σy (polygon) PSx: –20...20°Zy (circle) PSx:

0.05...200.00Ω at Inom = 1.0A0.01...40.00Ω at Inom = 5.0A

αy (circle) PSx: 10...90°Arc comp. circle PSx: No/Yesvalid for y = ‚1’ to ‚7’:

Direction Ny PSx: Forward /Backward/Non-directional

Oper.val.Vmemory PSx: 0.01...1.00Vnomvalid for y = ‚1’ to ‚8’:

ty PSx: 0.00...10.00s/Blockedkze,PG HSR PSx: 1.00... 450.00 kze,PP HSR PSx: 1.00...450.00 kze,PG TDR PSx: 1.00...450.00 kze,PP TDR PSx: 1.00...450.00 t1,ze PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedAbs. value kG PSx: 0.00...8.00 Angle kG PSx: –180...180°

(P435/P437 only): Op. mode zone 4 PSx: Normal1p:Z1/t1(3p)3p:Z1/t4Section cable - lineSection line - cableComp.bundle cond.eff1p:Z1/t1, 3p:Z1/t4

(P435/P437 only):Trip zone 1 PG PSx: 1 pole/3 pole Trip zone 1 PP PSx:

1 pole leading phase1 pole trailing phase3 pole

(P437 only):Meas. start. 1pG PSx: PG loops/noneMeas. start. 2pG PSx: PG loops/PP loopMeas. start. 3pG PSx: PG loops/PP loops

Backup overcurrent protection (BUOC): I> PSx: 0.50...8.00 InomtI> PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedIN> PSx: 0.10...2.00 InomtIN> PSx: 0.00...10.00s/Blocked

Protective signaling (PSIG):Enable PSx: No/YesOperating mode PSx:

WithoutDir.trans.trip.underPUTTZone extensionRelease schemeBlocking schemeDC loop operat. modeReverse interlockingDirection comparison

Tripping time PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedRelease t. send PSx: 0.00...10.00sDC loop op. mode PSx:

Transm.relay break c/Transm.relay make coEcho on receive PSx:

WithoutOn receiveOn receive & V<

Op. delay echo PSx: 0.00...10.00sPulse dur. echo PSx: 0.00...10.00sTrip signal V< PSx: No/YesV< weak infeed PSx: 0.10...0.90Vnom(/√3)tV< PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedtBlock PSx: 0.00...10.00sFrequency monit. PSx: No/Yes

(P437 only):No. telecom. ch. PSx: 1 channel/3 channelsOp. mode send signal PSx

direction dependent/distance dependentOp. mode trip signal PSx

direction dependent/distance dependent

Autoreclosing control (ARC):Enable PSx: No/YesCB clos.pos.sig. PSx: Without/WithOperating mode PSx:

HSR/TDR permittedTDR only permittedTest HSR only permit

Operative time 1 PSx: 0.00...10.00sTrip time HSR PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedDead time 3p PSx: 0.10...600.00sZone ext. f. HSR PSx: No/YesNo. permit. TDR PSx: 0...9 Trip time TDR PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedTDR dead time PSx: 0.10...600.00sZone ext. f. TDR PSx: No/YesEnable RRC PSx: No/YestRRC PSx: 0.10...2.00sV> RRC PSx: 0.40...0.90Vnom(/√3)Reclaim time PSx: 1.00...600.00sBlock. time int. PSx: 1...600sBlock. time ext. PSx: 0...600sZone ext.dur. RC PSx:

Without/Following HSR/AlwaysParallel trip PSx:

Without functionParall. bloc.w/o initParall. bloc.w. init

(P435/P437 only):Operative time 2 PSx: 0.00...10.00sHSR oper. mode PSx:

1 pole / 1/3 pole / 3 poleTrip time HSR PSx: 0.00...10.00s/BlockedDead time 1p PSx: 0.10...600.00sDead time max PSx: 0.10...600.00s

(P437 only):Operating mode 2 PSx:

Trip dependent/Start dependentTDiscrim PSx: 0.10...600.00s

Automatic synchonism check (ASC):(P435/P437 only):Enable PSx: No/YesActive for HSR PSx: No/YesActive for TDR PSx: No/YesActive for RRC PSx: No/YesClos.rej.w.block PSx: No/YesOperative time PSx: 0.00...60.00sOperating mode PSx:

Voltage checked

17

Sync. checkedVolt./sync. checked

Op.mode volt.chk.PSx: Vref but not VV but not VrefNot V and not VrefNot V or not VrefVref & Z1 but not V

V> volt.check PSx: 0.10...0.80Vnom(/√3)V< volt. check PSx: 0.10Vnom(/√3)tmin volt. check PSx: 0.00...10.00sMeasurement loop PSx:

Loop A-G/B-G/C-G/A-B/B-C/C-AV> sync. check PSx: 0.40...1.20Vnom(/√3)Delta Vmax PSx: 0.02...0.40VnomDelta fmax PSx: 0.01...1.00HzDelta phi max PSx: 5...100°Phi offset PSx: –180...180°tmin sync. check PSx: 0.00...10.00s

Ground fault (short circuit) protect. (GFSC): (P435/P437 only)Enable PSx: No/Yes

Ground fault (short circuit) protectionsignaling (GSCSG): (P435/P437 only)Enable PSx: No/Yes

Definite time overcurrent protection (DTOC):Enable PSx: No/Yesvalid for y = ‚>’ to ‚>>>>’:

I y PSx: 0.10...20.00 InomtI y PSx: 0.00...30.00s/BlockedIneg y PSx: 0.10...20.00 InomtIneg y: 0.00...30.00s/BlockedIN y: 0.10...20.00 InomtIN y: 0.00...30.00s/Blocked

Inverse time overcurrent protection (IDMT):Enable PSx: No/Yesvalid for y = ‚P’ or ‚neg’ or ‚N’:

Iref,y PSx: 0.01...4.00 Inom/BlockedCharacteristic y PSx:

Definite TimeIEC Standard InverseIEC Very InverseIEC Extr. InverseIEC Long Time Inv.IEEE Moderately Inv.IEEE Very InverseIEEE Extremely Inv.ANSI Normally Inv.ANSI Short Time Inv.ANSI Long Time Inv.RI-Type InverseRXIDG-Type Inverse

Factor kt,y PSx: 0.05...10.00 Reset y PSx:

Without delay/Delayed as per char.Direction y PSx:

Forward directionalBackward directionalNon-directional

Direct. meas. y PSx: Neq.sequ. Vneg, Ineg/Distance Zone4

Op. w/o volt. PSx: Non-directional/Blocked

Over/undervoltage protection (V<>):Enable PSx: No/YesOperating mode PSx: Delta/StarEvaluation VNG PSx: Calculated/MeasuredV> PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom(/√3)/BlockedV>> PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom(/√3)/BlockedtV> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtV> 3 pole PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtV>> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedV< PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom(/√3)/BlockedV<< PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom(/√3)/BlockedtV< PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtV< 3 pole PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtV<< PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedVpos> PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom/√3/BlockedVpos>> PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom/√3/BlockedtVpos> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtVpos>> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/Blocked

Vpos< PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom/√3/BlockedVpos<< PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom/√3/BlockedtVpos< PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtVpos<< PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedVneg> PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom/√3/BlockedVneg>> PSx: 0.20...1.50Vnom/√3/BlockedtVneg> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtVneg>> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedVNG> PSx: 0.02...1.00Vnom(/√3)/BlockedVNG>> PSx: 0.02...1.00Vnom(/√3)/BlockedtVNG> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtVNG>> PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedtTransient PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedHyst. V<> meas. PSx: 1...10%Hyst. V<> deduc. PSx: 1...10%

Over/underfrequency protection (f<>):Enable PSx: No/Yesvalid for y = ‚1’ ... ‚4’

Oper. mode fy PSx:f f with df/dtf w. Delta f/Delta t

fy PSx: 40.00...70.00Hz/Blockedtfy PSx: 0.00...10.00s/Blockeddfy/dt PSx: 0.1...10.0Hz/s/BlockedDelta fy PSx: 0.01...5.00Hz/BlockedDelta ty PSx: 0.04...3.00s

Directional power protection (P<>):(P433/P435 only)Enabled PSx: No/Yesvalid for y = ‚>’ or ‚>>’ or ‚<’ or ‚<<’:

Py high range PSx: 0.100...2.000 Snom/BlockedPy sens. range PSx: 0.010 Snom/BlockedOperate delay Py PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedRelease delay Py PSx: 0.00...100.00sDirection Py PSx:

Forward directionalBackward directionalNon-directional

Diseng. ratio Py PSx: 0.05 Qy high range PSx: 0.100...2.000 Snom/Block.Qy sens. range PSx: 0.010 Snom/BlockedOperate delay Qy PSx: 0.00...100.00s/BlockedRelease delay Qy PSx: 0.00...100.00sDirection Qy PSx:

Forward directionalBackward directionalNon-directional

Diseng. ratio Qy PSx: 0.05

Measured operating dataMeasured data input (MEASI):Current Idc: 0.00...24.00mACurrent Idc p.u.: 0.00...1.20 Idc,nomCurr. Idc, lin. p.u.: 0.00...1.20 Idc,nomTemperature: –40.0...215.0°C

Measured data output (MEASO):Current A-1: 0.00...20.00mACurrent A-2: 0.00...20.00mA

Main function (MAIN):Date: 01.01.1997...31.12.2096 dd.mm.yyTime: 00:00:00...23:59:59 hh:mm:ssTime switching: Standard time/Daylight saving timeFrequency f: 40.00...70.00Hz Curr. IP,max prim.: 0...25000A IP,max prim.,delay: 0...25000A IP,max prim.,stored: 0...25000A Curr. IP,min prim.: 0...25000A Current A prim.: 0...25000A Current B prim.: 0...25000A Current C prim.: 0...25000A Current Σ(IP) prim.: 0...25000A Current IN prim.: 0...25000A Volt. VPG,max prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Volt. VPG,min prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage A-G prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage B-G prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage C-G prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Volt. ΣVPG)/√3 prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage VNG prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Volt. VPP,max prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV

Voltage VPP,min prim: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage A-B prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage B-C prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Voltage C-A prim.: 0.0...2500.0kV Active power P prim.: –999.9...1000.0 MW Reac. power Q prim.: –999.9...1000.0 Mvar Act.energy outp.prim: 0.00...650.00 MWhAct.energy inp. prim: 0.00...650.00 MWhReact.en. outp. prim: 0.00...650.00 Mvar hReact. en. inp. prim: 0.00...650.00 Mvar hCurrent IP,max p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom IP,max p.u.,stored: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current IP,min p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom IP,max p.u.,delay: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current A p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current B p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current C p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current Ipos p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current Ineg p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current Σ(IP) p.u.: 0.000...25.000 Inom Current IN p.u.: 0.000...25.000 IN,nom Voltage VPG,max p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage VPG,min p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage A-G p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage B-G p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage C-G p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage Vpos p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage Vneg p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Volt. Σ(VPG)/√3 p.u.: 0.000...12.000Vnom Voltage VNG p.u.: 0.000...25.000 VNG,nom Voltage VPP,max p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage VPP,min p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage A-B p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage B-C p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Voltage C-A p.u.: 0.000...25.000Vnom Active power P p.u.: –7.500...7.500 Snom Reac. power Q p.u.: –7.500...7.500 Snom Active power factor: –1.000...1.000 Load angle phi A: –180...180°Load angle phi B: –180...180°Load angle phi C: –180...180°Angle phi N: –180...180°Phase rel. IN vs ΣIP:

Equal phase/Reverse phaseCurrent Σ I unfilt.: 0.000...25.000 Inom

(P435/P437 only):Voltage Vref prim.: 0.0...3000.0kV Voltage Vref p.u.: 0.000...3.000Vnom

(P437 only):Current IN,par prim.: 0...25000A Current IN,par p.u.: 0.000...25.000 IN,nom

Thermal overload protection (THERM):Therm. replica vers.: 0...250%

Ground fault direction determination usingsteady state values (GFDSS):(P433/P435 only)Current IN,act p.u.: 0.000...30.000 IN,nom Current IN, reac. p.u.: 0.000 ... 30.000 IN,nomCurr. IN filt. p.u.: 0.000...20.00mA

18

Dimensions

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Surface mounted case 40TE

Flush mounted case 40TE with panel cutout

19

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Surface mounted case 84TE

Flush mounted case 84TE with panel cutout

20

Location and connections

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22

Connection examples

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Figure 11: Connection example P437 (application in HV system with double circuit line)

Note: When using P1 - P2 and S1 - S2 identifications for the terminal polarity of CTs, the dot shown identifies the P1 and S1terminals

23

Ordering information

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TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Protection & Control, 60 Route de Sartrouville, BP58, 78230 Le Pecq Cedex, FranceTel: +33 (0) 134 80 79 00 Fax: +33 (0) 134 80 79 13 Email: protection.control@tde.alstom.com Internet: www.tde.alstom.com

©2001 ALSTOM. ALSTOM, the ALSTOM logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of ALSTOM.MiCOM is a registered trademark of ALSTOM. Other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies.

Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure shouldonly be regarded as a guide and is intended for information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer for sale or advice on the application of any product referred to in it.

We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any decisions taken on its contents without specific advice. P43*

/EN

BR/

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