ritss scholarly communication klj0907
TRANSCRIPT
The changing scholarly communication landscape
Research and Information Skills Training Library & Learning CentreUniversity of Bath4 September 2007Kara Jones/Chris Roberts
Quick check
• A. I have published articles and/or presented at conferences?
• B. I am in the process of publishing and article or presenting a conference paper?
• C. I have not published at all.
• D. None of the above.
Research output at the University of Bath
• 2005-August 2007: Over 1300 articles published in journals covered by the Web of Science index authored or co-authored by Bath staff.
• 40+ articles per month published
• Plus conference papers, working papers, theses, etc…
Overview
• Aim: To raise awareness of the changing landscape of scholarly communication.
• Audience: Research officers, academic staff, those involved in the publications process.
• Scholarly communication• Publishing Models:
– Traditional publishing– Alternative publishing
• OA journals• Self-archiving• Institutional Repositories• Copyright and intellectual property rights
Scholarly communication
• Describe the steps to publishing an article in a journal.
• What is produced?• Dissemination?• Stakeholders?• Who owns what?
Scholarly communication
Author writes paper
Author submits paper to journal
Editor and referees review paper
Author revises paper
Author submits final version
Publisher copy edits and formats paper
Paper published in journal
• There’s no scholarship without scholarly communication. (Paul Courant qtd by Clifford Lynch, 2006)
Definition• System by which
academic information is created, reviewed for quality, disseminated to scholarly communities and preserved for future use.
Traditional Publishing Models
• Commercial publishers– Access via paid subscriptions from library/university– Authors go through peer-review process– Asked to sign over copyright to the publisher
• Society publishers– Access via paid subscriptions or as part of a
membership fee (although cost is generally lower than commercial publishers).
Why look for alternatives?
1. Libraries want relief from journal prices
2. Authors want impact
3. Scientists want faster and easier access to others’ research
4. Universities want a better return on their investment in intellectual capital
5. Restrictive licensing practices impact on authors,
readers and institutions
Licence Restrictions: Authors
Publisher contracts can place restrictions on content:
• Who may use the article and for what purpose
• Limits use in teaching (e.g. Study Packs)
• Scholarly sharing of article (e.g. email to colleagues, making available on personal website)
Licence Restrictions: Institutions
Failure of institutions to get full value from what is paid for:
• Limits on concurrent users
• Costs of purchasing content back from publisher for library collection
• Multiple purchases of the same content as sometimes subscription deals must include print and e-formats
• No guarantee of ‘perpetual access’ to electronic content if subscription is terminated or additional payments needed for permanent access to “backfiles”
Some responses by HE
• Library consortia negotiations with publishers for better pricing and licensing terms
• National licensing of journals, datasets and e-books in collaboration with deals arranged by (for instance) Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)
• Authors and funding agencies combining with libraries to re-examine the ways scholarly communication takes place – Open Access
Alternative publishing models
Open Access (OA)• Scholarly articles/works are freely accessible
to the reader, and do not rely on subscription-based models
1. Supporting growth and development of Open Access journals, free for users of the Internet
2. Self-archiving to make material available via Institutional Repositories
Open Access (OA) Journals
Re Open Access: I can see why libraries are behind this but as the open access model is "author pays", I hope you can see why I am emphatically not!
(Mathematics professor and member of journal editorial board)
Messages to authors
• Association of American Publishers (AAP) and members, John Wiley & Sons, Reed Elsevier and the American Chemical Society
– .... "engaged the services of “PR pitbull” Eric Dezenhall ... Nature revealed that Dezenhall had advised the STM publishers to focus on a simple message of “public access equals government censorship”, and to “paint a picture of what the world would look like without peer-reviewed articles”.
• "Leaked plan to attack open access has science in uproar" Information World Review, 5.2.2007 http://www.iwr.co.uk/information-world-review/news/2174291/leaked-plan-attack-open-access
Messages to authors
Research funders are requiring that sponsored research be publicly available.
See the SHERPA JULIET website for details: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/
Research Funder Policies
OA journal models
• Delayed OA (embargoed)
• Hybrid OA ie. Springer Open Choice and Blackwell Online Open
• Partial OA (pay for value-added content such as editorials and review articles)
• Total OA (all articles completely accessible and unrestricted on the internet. Fees paid by author, institution or sponsor)
• See the DOAJ: The Directory of Open Access Journals
Benefits of OA journals?
• Advances goals of scholarly communication
• Free access for any viewer on the Internet via OA journal titles
• OA titles versus traditional publishers creates increased competition
• Increases pressure for change in publishing sector– See PRISM
Advantages for authors
• Wider dissemination and readership than currently permitted in high priced journal titles
• “toll free” access for readers
• Deposit of academics’ work in institutional repositories (also permissible by agreement with some traditional publishers)
Disadvantages:
• Author or funding bodies required to pay for publishing
• Publishing in non-traditional journal titles
• Difficult for society publishers who rely on subscription prices to subsidise other activities
Open Access and Self Archiving
– Substantial portion of authors (up to 35%) unaware of possibility of providing open access by self-archiving (Swan, 2005)
• Self-archiving means storing a copy of the content of an article/work in a local archive ie. an institutional repository to permit wider access
• Articles still published in journals, with publisher permission to self-archive pre-prints or post-prints
• Pre-print – a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer review
• Post-print – the final version of an academic article or other publication, after it has been peer-reviewed and revised into its final form by the author
Author writes paper
Author submits paper to journal
Editor and referees review paper
Author revises paper
Author submits final version
Publisher copy edits and formats paper
Paper published in journal
Author self-archives paper in repository
Pre-print
Post-print
Source: SHERPAhttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/documents/RCUK_060629.ppt#328,9,Publication & self-archiving
RoMEO
• Website containing publisher and journal open access policies, coded by colour.
• Green: can archive pre-print and post-print • Blue: can archive post-print (ie final draft
post-refereeing) • Yellow: can archive pre-print (ie pre-
refereeing) • White: archiving not formally supported
Exercise – Publisher agreements
• Look at your publisher agreements. Scan the fine print to see whether you which colour category your agreement falls into.
• Can you save a copy of your article in an institutional repository?
• Green: can archive pre-print and post-print • Blue: can archive post-print (ie final draft post-
refereeing) • Yellow: can archive pre-print (ie pre-refereeing) • White: archiving not formally supported
• Blackwells – Yellow
• Mary Ann Liebert – White
• BioMed Central – Green
• AAAS - Blue
Institutional Repositories (IR)
"... a university-based institutional repository is a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.
It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution".
(Lynch, 2003)
OA & IRs
Institutional Repository benefits:
• Facilitates access to research outputs for internal and external audiences
• Preserves outputs for future reference
• Engages with the open access community for scholarly research
• Puts in place the necessary infrastructure for the likely future requirements of research funders in the context of open access.
University of Bath IR
• Bath OPuS (Online Publications Store)• Currently under development, due for release start of semester 2
(Feb 2008)• We would welcome materials from those willing to deposit during
the pilot phase• What content will be collected:
– Journal articles (pre-print and post-print)– Conference papers– Working papers– Patents– Theses (MPhil & PhD)– Books, sections and chapters.
Next steps for authors
• Publishing in OA journals
• Negotiating copyright and IPR with publishers
• Saving a final version of your article
Copyrights and Licences• Copyrights treated as one bundle by publishers
• Author Copyrights consist of the following:– Reproduction rights– Distribution rights– Rights to create Translations or Derivative works– Rights to Perform or display works publicly– Rights to allow others to exercise any of these rights
• Authors can “unbundle” these rights before transferring to publisher.
Intellectual Property Rights
• Options:– Modify your Copyright Transfer Agreement
• Add the SPARC Addendum– http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html
– Use a separate Licence to Publish• Copyright toolbox
– http://copyrighttoolbox.surf.nl/copyrighttoolbox/authors/
• Creative commons license– http://creativecommons.org/
SPARC Author AddendumA BALANCED APPROACH TO COPYRIGHT MANAGEMENT:
Authors
• Retain the rights you want • Use and develop your own work without restriction • Increase access for education and research • Receive proper attribution when your work is used • If you choose, deposit your work in an open online archive where it will be
permanently and openly accessible
Publishers
• Obtain a non-exclusive right to publish and distribute a work and receive a financial return
• Receive proper attribution and citation as journal of first publication • Migrate the work to future formats and include it in collections
http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html
Save your final version
• Pre-print or post-print version for deposit in the repository
