Risk assessment for food safety management in Vietnam

Speaker: Hung Nguyen-Viet, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) & Hanoi

University of Public Health

ContribuXon•  DeliaGrace

•  FredUnger

•  MaxBarot

•  LucyLapar

•  DangXuanSinh

•  TranTuyetHanh

•  PhamDucPhuc

•  HoangVanMinh

•  TranThiNgan

•  NaXonalFoodSafetyRiskAssessmentTaskforce

Outline

•  AnimalsourcefoodandfoodsafetyininformalmarketsinVietnam

•  Evidencefromriskassessmentforfoodsafety:porkandfishvaluechainswithinaOnehealth/Ecohealthcontext

•  FromfoodsafetyresearchtopolicytranslaXon

FoodsafetyinVietnam

•  FoodsafetyamongthemostpressingissuesforpeopleinVietnam,moreimportantthaneducaXonorhealthcare

•  Vietnamhasamodernfoodsafetylegisla9onsystembuttheuseofriskbasedapproachislimited

•  RiskpercepXontowardschemicalhazardsisimportant

•  Willingtopay5-10%premiumforfoodsafety

•  FoodexportsrelaXvelywellmanagedbutdeficitsindomes9cmarkets

ImportanceofporkforfoodsecurityinVietnam

PorkisanimportantcomponentoftheVietnamesediet•  Morethan70%ofconsumedmeatispork,27kg/capita/year

•  83%producedbyverysmallorsmallfarms

•  76%ofpigsareprocessedinsmallslaughtering,nearly30,000

•  Preferenceforfresh“warm”porksuppliedinretail

tradiXonalmarkets(80%ofallporkmarketed)•  affordable,addresslocaldemands•  orenescapeeffecXvecontrol

–  f

•  ConsumpXonofriskyporkproductsiscommon

(rawfermented/bloodpudding)

Riskassessment•  Salmonellariskpathwaysdevelopedforproducers,slaughterhouseand

consumers,quanXtaXvemicrobialriskassessment(QMRA)riskforconsumer•  Chemicalriskassessment

1275samples(farms,slaughterhouse,market)collectedduring1year

PigRISK:PorksafetyinVietnam(2012-2017)

Farm Transporta+ontoSH Slaughterhouse Consumers Retailer

•  Feedinbags,remainingfeedsatthecages,environment

•  Pork•  Liver•  Kidney

•  ConsumpXonsurvey

Actor Sampletype Prev(%)Producer Drinkwater 19.4

Producer Floorswab 36.1

Producer Wastewater 38.9

Slaughterhouse Carcassswab 38.9

Slaughterhouse Feces 33.6

Slaughterhouse Mesenteric 35.6

Slaughterhouse Floorswab 22.4

Slaughterhouse Water 20.4Market Overall 34.1

PigRISK-microbial(Salmonella)contamina9on

Selectedkeyresults:QMRA

Streptococcussuisinslaughterpigs(N=147):S.suistype2,lowprevalence(1.4%)

Poten9alriskbehaviorssuchasconsumpXonof“Tietcanh”(rawpigbloodfood)wascommoninslaughterhouseworkers(43.1%)

Cross-contamina9onsurvey(Salmonella)(N=153):usingthesamecuwngboardinducedthehighestriskofcross-contaminaXonwithSalmonella(66.7%),followedbythesameknife(11.1%)respecXvely

HealthriskbyQMRA:

- Theannualincidencerateofsalmonellosis:12.6%(90%CI:0.5–42.6).

- Thefactorsmostinfluencingtherisk:householdporkhandlingprac9ceandprevalenceinporksoldinthemarket.

DangXuanSinhetal,2017,IJPH

PigRISK-chemicalhazards

514pigfeed,kidney,liverandporksampleswerepooledinto18sampleswereanalyzedforanXbioXcresidues,β-agonists,andheavymetals,comparedwithcurrentregulaXons.Presenceofbannedsubstances(e.g.chloramphenicolandthegrowthpromotersalbutamolinpigfeedandsoldpork)

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TuyetHanhetal,2017,IJPH

Selectedkeyresults:Chemicalriskassessment

Mostofsamples:negaXveordidnotexceedcurrentMRL

TuyetHanhetal,2017,IJPH

Contaminatedfishandhealthriskinanintegratedagriculturesystem

Health and environmental issues & livestock?

Crop Livestock

Fishery

Nguyen-Vietetal,2014

Riskassessment:fishfromwastewaterinHanamprovince

•  WastewaterfromHanoiandsanitaXonsystemàcanalàfishcontaminatedbyheavymetalandpathogensàhealthrisk

•  ConducXngariskassessmentoftapalia

Toanetal(2014)

Riskassessment:fishfromwastewaterinHanamprovince

•  TilapiafromNhueriver.

•  HighlycontaminatedPblevel,butlowriskforXlapia

•  Localpeopleseemtobeawareoftherisk,theysellcontaminatedfish/vegetablestoothertowns

Toanetal(2014)

Pb Cd

NOAEL 1 , 4 m g / k g /day(2)

0,01mg/kg/day

LOAEL 0 , 5 m g / k g /day(2)

3,5-7,5 mg/kg/day2)

MRL 10µg/dl(3) 0,1µg/kg/day TDI 25µg/kg/week 25µg/kg/day

TDI Talapiaconsump9onper

Time/day month

Pb(µg) 7,8±4,61 9,7±5,76

Cd(µg) 0,35±0,206 1,88±1,113

Mẫu n Posi9ve(%) Pb(µg/kg) Cd(µg/kg)

Pb Cd µ µ Canalwater 27 100 40,7 3,7 0,04 Talapia 27 100 96,3 149 5,6

Keymessagesfromporkandfishriskassessment

•  “OneHealth”foodsafetyriskassessment

•  RiskmispercepXon:whatpeopleworryaboutandwhatmakesthemsickarenotthesame

•  Chemicalriskislowinbothporkandfish•  Salmonellariskishigh(annualincidencerate

ofsalmonellosiswasesXmatedtobe12.6%)•  ThefactorsmostinfluencingtheesXmatewere

householdporkhandlingpracXcefollowedbyprevalenceinporksoldinthecentralmarket.

Policytransla9on:foodsafety

MeeXngwithDeputyPrimeMinisterVietnam,2Dec2016(Photo:TuyetHanh)

2011 2012

2016

MeeXngwithVFA,Photo:CENPHERMeeXngwithDAHPhoto:CENPHER

TopTakeaways

PorkandfishareimportantforVietnamesediet.Balancebetweenformaland“wet/tradiXonal”marketsRiskassessment:usefultoolforfoodsafetymanagementbutadaptaXonandcapacityareneededRiskmispercepXon:whatpeopleworryaboutandwhatmakesthemsickarenotthesameControl&commandapproachesdon’tworkbutsoluXonsbasedonworkingwiththeinformalsectormorepromisingFoodsafetypolicyinfluence:persistence,opportunisXcandXmesensiXve

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